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exture Music: Composition
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Page 1: Texture - A2 Unit 5 › 2014 › 09 › ... · 2014-09-26 · Learning(Objec-ves(1.To(explore(the(use(of(texture(inmusic(2.Be(able(to(compose(using(a range(of(textures

Texture�A2 Music: Composition!

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Learning  Objec-ves  

1. To  explore  the  use  of  texture  in  music  

2. Be  able  to  compose  using  a  range  of  textures  

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Monophony  (adj.  monophonic)  

✤  One  single  voice  or  part  with  no  accompaniment  

✤  Examples:  Berio  -­‐  Sequenzas  (18  in  total  clarinet,  flute,  harp  &  woman’s  voice)  Bach  -­‐  Cello  Suites,  Hartmann  -­‐  Unaccompanied  solo  for  violin  

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Homophony  (adj.  homophonic)  

✤  Music  where  all  the  parts  move  together  at  the  same  -me,  oRen  by  step,  in  harmony  

✤  If  there  is  no  clear  melody  then  the  texture  can  also  be  referred  to  as  homorhythmic  

✤  ORen  the  top  line  will  dominate  the  texture  and  may  create  a  melody  dominated  homophonic  texture  

✤  Examples  include:  Henry  VII  -­‐  “Pas-me  with  good  company”  Many  works  by  Tallis  (e.g.“If  ye  love  me”)  Mozart  -­‐  “March  of  the  Priests”  from  the  Magic  Flute.  Elgar  -­‐  “Trio  from  March  No.1  in  D  

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Homophony  (adj.  homophonic)  

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✤  Elgar  -­‐  “Trio  from  March  No.1  in  D  Major  (Pomp  &  Circumstance).”  

Melody  Dominated  Homophony    

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✤  Mozart  -­‐  “March  of  the  Priests”  from  the  Magic  Flute.  

Melody  Dominated  Homophony    

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Polyphony  (adj.  polyphonic)  

✤  This  word  describes  any  texture  in  which  parts  are  moving  independently.    More  than  one  independent  melody  is  usually  present  

✤  Different  forms  of  polyphony  can  be  dis-nguished  when  other  musical  devices  or  rules  are  employed  (e.g.  canon,  counterpoint,  fugue)  

✤  This  texture  may  commonly  use  an  element  imita-on  

✤  Examples  include:  Bach  -­‐  Brandenburg  Concerto  

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✤  Bach  -­‐  Brandenburg  Concerto  No.  1  in  F  Major  -­‐  Allegro  

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Canonic  (Canon)  

✤  Imita-on  of  a  theme  or  melody  aRer  a  given  dura-on  

✤  Examples:  Bach  -­‐  “Goldberg  Varia-ons”  Franceschnini  -­‐  “Sonata  in  D  

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Fugue  

✤  A  type  of  polyphony  which  is  built  on  a  subject  (theme).    The  texture  in  itself  is  based  on  canonic  imita-on  (  

✤  The  main  subject  (stated  at  the  beginning  &  end  of  the  fugue)  is  imitated  by  the  other  instruments,  parts  or  voices.    

✤  These  imita-ons,  depending  on  their  point  of  entry,  are  given  names,  such  as  answer,  counter  subject,  episode  and  interlude  

✤  Examples  include:  Bach  -­‐  Fugues  (Well  Tampered  Clavier)  

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analyse  the  first  16  bars:  

✤  The  subject  is  stated  in  bar  1  in  the  tonic  key.    This  subject  emphasises  the  dominant  (bar  21)  and  finishes  on  the  mediant  (bar  31)  

✤  The  subject  is  then  repeated  in  the  2nd  voice  at  the  start  of  bar  3,  this  -me  in  the  dominant  key  which  is  called  an  answer.    

✤  Whilst  the  answer  is  stated,  the  counter  melody  is  con-nued  by  voice  1  (bar  31)  which  is  material  heard  again  throughout  the  piece,  for  example  in  bar  71  and  bar  111.  

✤  The  first  8  bars  form  the  exposi-on  which  is  then  followed  by  3  episodes  (bars  9-­‐10,  11-­‐12  and  13  -­‐  14)  before  the  counter  subject  is  heard  again  (bars  15  -­‐16),  followed  by  counter  melody  2  (Bar  153).  

✤  These  episodes  of  the  fugue  take  melodic  material  from  the  subject  and  counter  melody.    They  also  modulate  to  related  keys,  such  as  Eb  Major  (bar  111)  

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An-phony  (adj.  An-phonal  )  

✤  Texture  where  two  parts  (or  groups)  alternate  with  the  same  or  similar  material  

✤  Examples  include:  Corelli  -­‐  Concerto  Grosso  Taverner  -­‐  O  Wilhelme,  Pastor  Bone.  

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Heterophony  (adj.  Heterophonic)  

✤  The  simultaneous  varia-on  of  a  single  melody  

✤  Example  Bach  -­‐  Cantata  no.  147  “Herz  und  Mund  und  Tat  und  Leben”    

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