Thailand | Travel advice | Smartraveller: The AustralianGovernment's travel advisory and consular assistance service

Summary

We advise you to exercise a high degree of caution in Thailand due to the possibility of civil unrestand the threat of terrorist attack, including in Bangkok and Phuket. The security situation remainsvolatile. You should pay close attention to your personal security at all times and where possiblemonitor the local media, including social media, for information about possible new safety orsecurity risks.

On 22 May 2014, the military announced that it had taken control of the country in a coup. Martiallaw continues to be imposed throughout Thailand. Australians should stay well clear of anydemonstrations, political events, rallies, processions and large-scale public gatherings as they mayturn violent. For further information on possible disruptions see under Safety and Security.

Be aware of the risks of hiring jet skis and motorcycles. Australian travellers continue to reportharassment and threats of violence by jet ski operators on beaches across Thailand, and particularlyin Phuket, Pattaya, Koh Samui and Koh Phangan. You may be detained and arrested by policefollowing jet ski and motorcycle accidents until compensation, often in thousands of dollars, can benegotiated between parties. Check your insurance cover if you intend to ride a motorcycle inThailand when you are not licensed to ride one in Australia.

Tourists may be exposed to scams and more serious criminal activity in Thailand. Be aware that foodand drink spiking occurs in Thailand, including around popular backpacker destinations such asKhao San Road in Bangkok the night-time entertainment zones in Bangkok, Pattaya and Phuket, andduring the Full Moon Party on Koh Phangan.

Travellers planning to attend Full Moon parties at Koh Phangan or other locations should carefullyconsider personal safety issues and take appropriate precautions. See our Partying Overseas pagefor advice on the risks you may face when attending Full Moon parties and tips on how to avoidbecoming a victim.

Penalties for drug offences are severe and include the death penalty. The possession of even smallquantities of "soft drugs" for recreational purposes can result in lengthy jail sentences.

On 19 February 2015, the Thai Parliament passed legislation banning commercial surrogacy. Thelegislation is awaiting royal approval. Australians are advised not to visit Thailand for the purpose ofengaging in commercial surrogacy arrangements. See Laws for more information.

We strongly advise you not to travel at this time to the southern provinces of Yala, Pattani,Narathiwat and Songkhla or overland to and from the Malaysian border through these provinces dueto high levels of ongoing violence in these areas, including terrorist attacks and bombings that resultin deaths and injuries on an almost daily basis.

We advise you to exercise particular caution in the areas surrounding the Preah Vihear Temple(known as Khao Pra Viharn temple in Thailand) and the Ta Kwai and Ta Muen Thom temples, all onthe Thailand-Cambodia border, due to the presence of unexploded ordnance. There was renewedfighting in the area in early 2011 and there continues to be a military presence in these areas.

Australians visiting Thailand on business should see our Advice to Australian business travellers.

Be a smart traveller. Before heading overseas:

Entry and exit

Visa and other entry and exit conditions (such as currency, customs and quarantine regulations)change regularly. Contact the nearest Embassy or Consulate of Thailand for the most up-to-dateinformation.

Australian tourists travelling to Thailand through one of the international airports on an Australianpassport may currently enter Thailand for up to 30 days without obtaining a visa in advance. This isreferred to as a "visa exemption". Australian tourists travelling overland into Thailand through aborder crossing may enter Thailand for up to 15 days without obtaining a visa in advance. A visa isrequired for longer stays or for travellers intending to work or to travel for purposes other thantourism in Thailand.

Travellers should be aware of the local regulations and procedures for importing prescriptionmedication. See under Laws for details.

Thai authorities require all travellers to have at least six months' validity remaining on theirpassports. You may be refused entry to Thailand, or may not be permitted to board your Thailand-bound flight, if your passport has less than six months' validity.

The Australian Embassy cannot help you to get entry permits or visas, visa extensions or workpermits for Thailand or other countries. Make sure you obtain visas, entry permits and extensions ofstay from Thai immigration authorities or a Thai Embassy or Consulate.

Avoid individuals and companies advertising visa extension services, as they may stamp passportswith fake or illegally obtained exit and entry stamps. Australians with illegal stamps in theirpassports can be arrested and jailed for up to 10 years. Thai authorities will vigorously prosecuteoffenders.

Overstaying your visa in Thailand is considered a very serious offence and may result in arrest andprolonged detention. Travellers who overstay entry permits may not be allowed to leave Thailanduntil a fine is paid. The fine is currently 500 baht per day, up to a maximum of 20,000 baht. If youcannot afford to pay the overstay fine you may be arrested, taken to court, charged with a visaoffence, and required to serve a lengthy prison sentence in lieu of the fine. Travellers who haveoverstayed their visas may be imprisoned, deported and placed on an immigration blacklist toprevent them from returning to Thailand.

It is illegal to work without a work permit, including for volunteering activities. In the past, someemployers (particularly schools, fitness centres, securities telemarketers, currency traders,entertainment venues, and other businesses) have not fulfilled promises to arrange work permitsand their employees have been arrested, jailed and deported from Thailand.

Safety and security

Civil unrest/political tension

We advise you to exercise a high degree of caution in Thailand due to the possibility of civil unrest.

Nationwide martial law: On 22 May 2014, the Thai military announced that it had taken control ofthe country in a coup. Martial law continues to be imposed across Thailand. The security situationremains volatile. Nationwide martial law has superseded the emergency orders and states ofemergency in effect in parts of Thailand for much of the past four years.

You should be aware that under martial law military authorities have wide powers, including tosuspend laws, restrict public assembly, restrict movement and impose curfews and other securitymeasures.

Avoid all demonstrations and political events: Since the military coup there have been a number ofanti-coup demonstrations in Bangkok and other parts of Thailand, including in areas frequented bytourists. The military has arrested some participants for failing to comply with orders to ceaseprotest activity. These confrontations are potentially volatile. Australians should stay well clear ofany demonstrations, political events, rallies, processions and large-scale public gatherings, as theymay turn violent.

The military may restrict access to some areas to prevent demonstrators from gathering, includingaround major shopping and hotel districts in central Bangkok. In the past this has led to the closureof some nearby public transport infrastructure and major shopping malls.

You should follow the instructions of local authorities.

Ensure validity of travel insurance: We recommend that you check with your travel insuranceprovider to ensure that you are covered for any claims arising from the current situation. Travellersshould be aware that some travel insurance policies contain exclusions relating to military coups andthe imposition of martial law.

A number of small explosions have occurred in public places since February 2015. On 7 March 2015,a small explosion occurredoutside the Bangkok Criminal Court in Chatuchak District. On 1 February2015, two small explosions occurred outside a Bangkok shopping mall. Investigations are ongoing.Further such incidents are possible.

During anti-government protests in 2014, firearms and hand-grenades were used in attacks againstprotesters, often at night-time but also during the day in busy public areas around protest sites incentral Bangkok and when protesters have been moving around the city. There were also attacks onprotestors and other violent incidents in other provinces across Thailand. In the past, authoritieshave used teargas, water cannons and rubber bullets to control protests. In wide-spread proteststhat occurred from November 2013 until the coup in May 2014, incidents associated with theprotests resulted in over 25 deaths and hundreds of injuries. Further indiscriminate attacks arepossible.

Border regions

Thai-Cambodia border: Australians intending to visit temples along the Thai-Cambodia bordershould be aware of the ongoing border dispute that has resulted in fighting as recently as April2012. In recent years conflict has occurred in the area surrounding the Preah Vihear temple (knownas Khao Pra Viharn temple in Thailand) located in the border region between Sisaket Province inThailand and Preah Vihear Province in Cambodia. Conflict has also occurred in the area surroundingthe Ta Kwai (known as Ta Krabei temple in Cambodia) and Ta Muen Thom (known as Ta Moan

temple in Cambodia) temples along the Thai-Cambodia border in Surin province (most recently inearly 2011). Fatalities were reported. Tourist attractions and border crossing points may be closedwith little or no notice. There is a risk in border areas from landmines and unexploded militaryordnance.

Thai-Burma border: There have been instances of fighting and banditry along some sections of theThai-Burma border. This includes fighting between the Burmese military and armed ethnicopposition groups as well as clashes between Thai security forces and armed criminal groups, suchas drug traffickers. Armed clashes between the Burmese military and armed opposition groupsinside Burma may cause border closures and an influx of displaced civilians. In the event of unrest inBurma, you should monitor media reports and follow the instructions of Thai officials.

Travellers who have attempted illegal border crossings have been detained and deported fromThailand. You should also be aware that bandits may target foreigners travelling through nationalparks located near border regions.

Terrorism

We advise you to exercise a high degree of caution in Thailand due to the threat of terrorist attack,including Bangkok and Phuket. We continue to receive reports that terrorists may be planningattacks against a range of targets, including locations frequented by tourists and foreigners.

Thai authorities have on a number of occasions warned of the possibility of bombings in Thailand tocoincide with symbolic dates or holidays.

There have been a number of improvised explosive device (IED) incidents in Bangkok and othermajor cities in recent years. In addition, on 22 December 2013, a vehicle containing explosives wasdiscovered in Phuket Town. On 26 May 2013, an IED detonated in Ramkhamhaeng Soi 43/1 ineastern Bangkok, injuring seven people. A small blast occurred in a rubbish bin in Phuket Town on 1August 2013. On 28 October 2014, an unexploded grenade was found on a beach in Phuket. Theseincidents are still under investigation.

In mid-April 2014, police arrested two foreign nationals following allegations the pair were involvedin planning an attack in Bangkok.

In planning your activities, consider the kinds of places known to be terrorist targets and the level ofsecurity provided. These include places frequented by foreigners such as embassies, shopping malls,markets, banks, clubs, hotels, restaurants, bars, nightclubs, schools, places of worship, outdoorrecreation events, beach resorts and tourist areas. Public buildings, public transport, airports andsea ports are also potential targets for attack.

Southern provinces - Yala, Pattani, Narathiwat and Songkhla: We strongly advise you not to travel atthis time to the southern provinces of Yala, Pattani, Narathiwat and Songkhla, or overland to andfrom the Malaysian border through these provinces due to high levels of ongoing violence in theseregions. This includes travel by train or road between Thailand and Malaysia.

In recent years almost daily attacks have taken place in these areas, many of which have causeddeaths and serious injuries. Bombings and shootings are commonplace in these areas. Arson andbeheadings have occurred. The Thai Government has warned tourists not to travel to these areas.

Australians in Yala, Pattani, Narathiwat and Songkhla provinces may be caught up in violence or

terrorist attacks directed at others. If you are in these provinces, you should consider leaving. If youdecide to stay in the southern provinces, you should ensure you have the appropriate personalsecurity measures in place.

Since January 2004, there has been heightened tension in these four southern provinces, whereviolent incidents continue to take place. Since 2004, over 6,000 people have been killed and manymore injured, including foreigners. An Australian was one of seven people injured in a bomb blast inYala province in May 2007.

Bombings can occur in close succession and proximity in order to target those responding to theinitial explosions. Over the past few years, there have been numerous instances of multiplecoordinated explosions occurring across a range of locations in southern Thailand.

Attacks have occurred in locations frequented by the public. Targets have included governmentofficials, civilians, religious and community leaders, members of the security forces, teachers, touristhotels, bars, banks, ATMs, cinemas, entertainment venues, shops, convenience stores, markets,supermarkets, schools, places of worship, petrol stations and transport infrastructure including HatYai international airport and trains. Further such incidents could occur at any time.

Recent examples of attacks include:

On 8 March 2015, eight people were injured in a bomb attack outside a railway station inNarathiwat province.

On 31 January 2015, two people were killed in a shooting in Yala province.

On 29 December 2014, two people were killed in a shooting attack in Songkhla province,

On 13 November 2014, one person was killed and a child injured in an armed attack in a residentialarea of Yala province.

On 31 October 2014, one person was killed and two injured in bomb attacks on bars in Pattaniprovince.

On 24 July 2014, two people were killed and more than 50 injured in two bombings in Betong City,Yala province.

On 19 September 2014, a person was killed in a shooting while exiting a mosque in Pattani province.

Terrorism is a threat throughout the world. See our Terrorist Threat Overseas bulletin.

Crime

We continue to receive reports of the sexual assault, food and drink spiking, assault and robbery offoreigners, including around popular backpacker and tourist destinations such as Khao San Road inBangkok, the night-time entertainment zones in Bangkok, Pattaya and Phuket, and during Full Moonand other parties on Koh Phangan. See our Sexual Assault Overseas page for further information onhow to avoid becoming a victim of sexual assault and the assistance available to victims. Due to thehigh prevalence of HIV/AIDS, victims of violent crime, especially rape, are strongly encouraged toseek immediate medical assistance.

Beach parties: The Full Moon and other parties at Koh Phangan and in other locations regularlyresult in reports of sexual assaults, deaths, arrests, robbery, injuries and lost travel documents. InSeptember 2014, two foreign travellers were murdered on a beach in Koh Tao. Travellers shouldavoid local and homemade cocktails which may be made with narcotic or poisonous substances. Inaddition to the health risks of ingesting unknown substances, these drinks can render consumersvulnerable to criminals. Travellers contemplating attendance should carefully consider personalsafety issues and take appropriate precautions. See our Partying Overseas page for advice on therisks you may face when attending Full Moon and similar parties and tips on how to avoid becominga victim.

Schoolies: Australians planning to celebrate "Schoolies" in Thailand should be aware that in the pastAustralians have had serious accidents and injuries as a result of consumption of alcohol and drugs,and have been arrested for theft and/or possession of narcotics. You should behave in a responsibleand culturally sensitive manner. The costs for medical services can be very expensive and penaltiesfor breaking the law in Thailand can be severe. These penalties also apply to minors, who are subjectto Thai juvenile judicial processes, including detention in a juvenile or adult prison.

Opportunistic crime: Petty crime, such as theft from hotel rooms, and pickpocketing is common.Money and passports have been stolen from rooms (particularly in cheaper hotels and hostels) andfrom bags on public transport. Items have been removed from luggage stored below buses andtravellers have reported being drugged and robbed during bus and train journeys. Beware ofpickpockets in crowded markets and shopping streets. You can reduce the impact of opportunisticcrime when visiting these areas by leaving credit and other valuable items that are not requiredlocked in your hotel safe. Remain vigilant in public areas.

Snatch and grab crimes: Tourists have also been robbed after the bags they were carrying weresnatched by thieves on motorcycles or were sliced open by razor blades. Beware of motorcyclesapproaching from behind as you walk on the footpath and hold bags and backpacks in front of you orin ways that make them difficult to be snatched. You should be aware that some foreigners,including an Australian tourist, have been killed in these incidents. You can reduce the opportunityfor such opportunistic theft by limiting the carriage of easily grabbed bags in public places.

Jet ski scams: Australian travellers continue to report harassment and threats of violence by jet-skioperators on tourist beaches, particularly in Phuket, Pattaya, Koh Samui and Koh Phangan. Manytravellers have reported that, after returning hired jet-skis, they have been confronted by gangsclaiming that the tourist damaged the jet-ski. There have been reported instances of such gangsthreatening violence, including at knifepoint, if a large sum of money in compensation for thealleged damage is not paid. Australians hiring jet-skis should check the jet-ski for damage, includingunderneath, before riding and take photographs of the jet-ski that may be helpful in the resolution ofdisputes.

Australians should also ask jet ski operators to provide evidence of their insurance policy coveringdamage to the jet ski before entering into a rental agreement. If you believe that you have fallenvictim to a jet ski scam, you should call the Tourist Police on 1155.

Protect your passport: Operators may request your passport as a deposit or guarantee before hiringjet skis or motorbikes. If there is a dispute about damage to a rented jet-ski or motorbike, rentaloperators may try to keep your passport until they receive compensation. Passports are valuabledocuments that should be appropriately protected. Australians should not provide passports asdeposits or guarantees under any circumstances.

Card skimming and fraud: Credit card and ATM fraud, including the use of 'skimming' machineswhich can store card data, can occur in Thailand. You should monitor your transaction statementsand take care not to expose your PIN to others, particularly when using ATMs.

Gem scams: Many travellers fall victim to scams after accepting offers from people recommendingor offering various goods or services, particularly when shopping for jewellery and gems. TheTourism Authority of Thailand (TAT) can provide official advice on purchasing jewellery and gems.

Investment scams: Travellers have also lost large sums of money through bogus investment,property rental and time share schemes, card game scams and other fraudulent activity. There havebeen complaints from Australians who have lost large sums of money from property purchases andin time share schemes in Phuket. Australians should be particularly careful and thoroughly researchany company offering properties for sale or time share arrangements before entering into anagreement.

Money and valuables

Your passport is a valuable document that is attractive to criminals who may try to use your identityto commit crimes. It should always be kept in a safe place. You are required by Australian law toreport a lost or stolen passport. If your passport is lost or stolen overseas, report it online or contactthe nearest Australian Embassy, High Commission or Consulate as soon as possible.

Review the general advice to Australian travellers for further information on being safe andprepared abroad.

If you are travelling on a restricted budget, it is important to ensure you have access to enoughmoney to cover unexpected costs. For example, you may have a problem that prevents you takingyour scheduled flight. Restrictions, such as tickets being non-refundable or non-transferable, applyto most discounted airfares, or you may need to pay a substantial fee to change your travel dates. Ifyou lose your passport you will be delayed and you will have to pay for a replacement. If you fall illand need medical treatment, even if you have insurance, it is likely you will need to cover some costsyourself. At the minimum, it is essential to have access to enough money to cover a replacementticket home and several nights hotel accommodation, plus extra money for unexpected emergencies.

Local travel

Suvarnabhumi International Airport, also known as the New Bangkok International Airport, islocated in Samut Prakan Province, 25 kilometres east of Bangkok. Suvarnabhumi InternationalAirport is the main airport for international and domestic flights for Bangkok. Don Mueang airport,located 24 kilometres north of Bangkok, is used for domestic and international flights. Australiansshould be aware of the airport they will use and ensure there is sufficient transit time if arriving anddeparting from different airports. The distance between these two airports is 47 kilometres and thedriving time can be up to two hours depending on traffic conditions.

Service counters at Suvarnabhumi and Don Mueang International Airports may provide informationon transport to the city and hotels.

You should be alert to arrangements where taxi or tuk tuk (motorised three-wheel vehicles) driverstake passengers to shops where the driver will receive a commission. Passengers may be chargedhigher prices for goods or sold sub-standard goods or worthless gems. You should be alert to yourown safety at all times when using taxis and tuk tuks and never put yourself in danger by physically

confronting drivers. Violent or serious incidents involving taxis and tuk tuks should be reported tothe local police. Secure your possessions while travelling in tuk tuks or on motorcycles as thefts byriders on passing motorcycles can occur.

In Phuket and some other parts of Thailand, taxis and tuk tuks are not metered and fares may be setaccording to distance travelled or negotiated between driver and passenger. The Embassy continuesto receive reports of tuk tuk drivers in Phuket becoming aggressive and sometimes violent duringdisagreements over fares or routes. Fares and routes should be agreed upon before engaging thetaxi or tuk tuk. If you find yourself in a dispute with a driver, you should call the Tourist Police on1155 to mediate.

In Phuket, syndicates of taxi and tuk tuk drivers may operate in particular areas. The Embassy hasreceived reports of drivers resisting, sometimes violently, other drivers who try to pick uppassengers in their area.

Motorcycle and other road accidents are very common in Thailand, including in resort areas such asPhuket, Pattaya and Koh Samui. Under Thai law, motorcycle riders and passengers are required towear helmets, but they are often not provided by hire companies or motorcycle taxis. Each yearforeign tourists affected by alcohol are injured in motorcycle and other vehicle accidents. In suchcases travel insurers are likely to exclude cover. Don't drink and drive. For further advice on roadsafety, see our page on road travel.

To drive a car or ride a motorcycle in Thailand, you need a valid driver licence of the correct class.Be aware some vehicle rental companies will try to tell you otherwise. We recommend that you carryan International Driving Permit (IDP) in addition to your Australian driver licence.

If you intend to hire cars, motorcycles, jet skis or any other motorised vehicle, talk to your travelinsurer to check if these activities are covered by your insurance policy and seek advice on anyrestrictions that may apply (such as insurance cover being voided if you are not licensed to ride amotorcycle in Australia).

The Thai Department of Tourism provides useful advice on renting jet skis at the Tourism Authoritywebsite.

There have been many serious accidents involving jet skis and motorcycles in Thailand. Foreignersare regularly detained and arrested by police following jet ski and motorcycle accidents untilcompensation, often thousands of dollars, can be negotiated between parties. The Embassy is notable to assist in these negotiations and can only provide a list of lawyers. Many vehicle hirecompanies do not have insurance and any damage, loss, or costs associated with injuries to thirdparties will be your responsibility to negotiate or pay. In addition to checking that your travelinsurance covers hospital and other costs associated with motorbike, jet-ski or other vehicleaccidents, also ensure that the hiring company holds comprehensive insurance, including third-party, for the vehicle you are hiring. We recommend that Australians do not provide passports asdeposits or guarantees.

Australians have reported cases where hire companies have demanded large amounts ofcompensation for pre-existing damage to motorbikes. There have also been reports claiming thathire companies have arranged for motorbikes to be stolen from the hirer, and forcing them to paythousands of dollars in compensation, including the value of a new motorbike plus lost earnings.

There have been a number of instances of train derailments in recent years, including on the

Bangkok-Chiang Mai line. Some have resulted in deaths and injuries.

The safety standards you might expect of transport and tour operators, including adventureactivities (e.g. scuba diving, elephant safaris and bungee jumping), are not always met. Sufficientsafety equipment may not be provided and recommended maintenance standards and safetyprecautions may not be observed. If you intend participating in these activities, you should talk toyour travel insurer to check if the activity is covered by your insurance policy. Don't be afraid to askabout or insist on minimal safety requirements with tour operators.

Ferry travel in Thailand can be dangerous, as vessel passenger limits are not always observed orsufficient life jackets provided. Australians have been killed and injured in ferry and boat accidentsin coastal areas, including near Samui Island. Several safety incidents have recently been reportedon vessels in Phuket. You should ensure that any vessel you intend to board is carrying appropriatesafety equipment and that life jackets are provided for all passengers and are worn at all times.Check with your tour operator or vessel management to ensure appropriate safety standards aremaintained.

You should avoid travelling in ferries and speedboats after dark. Australians attending full moonparties should try to secure accommodation on the island where the party is being held to avoid theneed to travel by boat at night. See the Partying Overseas page for further information on travelissues.

Beach safety: You should take particular care when swimming off coastal areas, especially duringmonsoon season (November-March in Koh Samui and the south-east of the Thai peninsula and May-October in the rest of Thailand, including Phuket). Severe undercurrents (rips) are common incoastal areas and many foreign tourists have drowned, including in popular resort areas such asPhuket, Pattaya and Koh Samui. Lifeguard services are rarely available. In some locations, red flagsare displayed to warn swimmers not to enter the water and these warnings should be taken veryseriously. If in any doubt check with local authorities before swimming. You should never swim afterdark or after consuming alcohol.

Building safety: It is common for railings on stairs and balconies in Thailand to be lower than theAustralian standard height or to be made of materials that are not strong. In some cases railings arenon-existent. There have been cases of Australians being injured or dying after falling from stairs orbalconies. You should take care when using stairs and balconies and when supervising children inthese areas.

Airline safety

The Australian Government does not provide information on the safety of individual commercialairlines or flight paths. See instead the Aviation Safety Network website for information on aviationsafety in Thailand.

Please also refer to our general air travel page for information on aviation safety and security.

Laws

When you are in Thailand, be aware that local laws and penalties, including ones that may appearharsh by Australian standards, do apply to you. Australians have been arrested and sentenced to jailfor making false statements to police. If you are arrested or jailed, the Australian Government will dowhat it can to help you but we can't get you out of trouble or out of jail. Research local laws before

you travel.

Information on what Australian consular officers can and cannot do to help Australians in troubleoverseas is available from the Consular Services Charter.

Surrogacy

On 19 February 2015, the Thai Parliament passed legislation banning commercial surrogacy. Thelegislation is awaiting royal approval. Australians are advised not to visit Thailand for the purpose ofengaging in commercial surrogacy arrangements. Those considering commercial surrogacy overseasshould seek independent legal advice. You should also see our Overseas births, adoptions andsurrogacies page for further information.

Thai authorities are enforcing documentation requirements upon exit of the country when theysuspect a child has been born by surrogacy in Thailand. We strongly recommend that Australiansalready engaged in commercial surrogacy arrangements in Thailand seek independent legal advice,including on the implications of any new exit requirements. Australians with existing agreementswho may be affected by these arrangements should call the Consular Section at the AustralianEmbassy in Bangkok for the latest information (Tel: +66 2 344 6300 and follow the prompts forConsular Services).

Prescription medications

Some prescription medications available in Australian are controlled substances in Thailand, even ifprescribed by an Australian doctor. This includes medication to treat Attention Deficit HyperactivityDisorder. Restrictions also apply to some over the counter medications available in Australia,including drugs containing codeine. The website of the Thai Food and Drug Administration hasinformation on how to obtain approval import controlled substances and other restrictions applyingto foreign nationals travelling with medication. If you intend to bring prescription or non-prescription medication into Thailand you should first contact the closest Thai Embassy or Consulateto confirm it is legal. See the website of the Thai Embassy in Canberra for more information.

Other legal information

Foreigners are required to carry identification at all times.

The Thai authorities may conduct spot-checks for illegal drugs, particularly around the main areasfrequented by tourists. Travellers should be aware of reports that foreigners have been targeted fornarcotic tests. Under Thai law, the authorities have the right to demand urine samples fromindividuals suspected of taking illegal drugs. If you are asked to submit a urine sample, you shouldrequest that this be done at a police station and ask for permission to contact the Embassy or theTourist Police (telephone 1155) for English speaking officers. You should adhere to directives issuedby authorities.

In Thailand, penalties for drug offences are severe and include the death penalty. The possession ofeven small quantities of drugs known as "soft drugs" for recreational purposes can result in lengthyjail sentences and deportation.

The death penalty can also be imposed for murder, attempted murder, rape, crimes against the stateincluding treason, and certain offences against the monarchy.

Lengthy prison terms up to 15 years can be imposed for insulting the monarchy or defacing imagesof the monarch and his family. This includes destroying bank notes bearing the King's image.

Almost all forms of gambling (other than at a few major race tracks) are illegal in Thailand. Therecan be heavy penalties for illegal gambling of any form.

Penalties for shoplifting, including at airports, include heavy fines and detention.

People found to be making false statements to police, including making false statements in relationto insurance claims, may be prosecuted and imprisoned or fined. Reporting any crime that did notactually take place or lying about the circumstances of an incident may result in your arrest andimprisonment.

Some Australian criminal laws, such as those relating to money laundering, bribery of foreign publicofficials, terrorism, forced marriage, female genital mutilation, child pornography, and child sextourism, apply to Australians overseas. Australians who commit these offences while overseas maybe prosecuted in Australia.

Australian authorities are committed to combating sexual exploitation of children by Australiansoverseas. Australians may be prosecuted at home under Australian child sex tourism and childpornography laws. These laws provide severe penalties of up to 25 years imprisonment forAustralians who engage in child sexual exploitation while outside ofhttp://www.travelandleisureasia.com/ Australia. A number of Australians have been arrested inThailand for these crimes.

Local customs

Deliberate transgressions of local customs, such as showing the soles of your feet or touching thetop of a person's head, are likely to cause grave offence. You should respect local customs and takecare not to offend. If in doubt, seek local advice.

Information for dual nationals

Australia/Thai dual nationals may be liable for conscription. Australian/Thai dual nationals who areunsure of their military obligation can consult the nearest embassy of Thailand.

Our Dual Nationals brochure provides further information for dual nationals.

Health

We strongly recommend that you take out comprehensive travel insurance that will cover anyoverseas medical costs, including medical evacuation, before you depart. Confirm that yourinsurance covers you for the whole time you'll be away and check what circumstances and activitiesare not included in your policy. Remember, regardless of how healthy and fit you are, if you can'tafford travel insurance, you can't afford to travel. The Australian Government will not pay for atraveller's medical expenses overseas or medical evacuation costs.

It is important to consider your physical and mental health before travelling overseas. We encourageyou to consider having vaccinations before you travel. At least eight weeks before you depart, makean appointment with your doctor or travel clinic for a basic health check-up, and to discuss yourtravel plans and any implications for your health, particularly if you have an existing medical

condition. The World Health Organization (WHO) provides information for travellers and our healthpage also provides useful information for travellers on staying healthy.

If you have a mental health condition, you, your family and any travelling companions should alsoassess the possible consequences of the challenges and stressors that can arise whilst travellingoverseas. The experience of different environments, unfamiliar customs, language barriers, socialisolation, and general uncertainty are examples of risk factors that may increase stress and anxiety.Increased stress may exacerbate existing mental health conditions and possibly trigger unfamiliarmental health issues. Mental health facilities and treatment approaches may be very different tothose in Australia. Australians with mental health concerns should carefully consider the possibleconsequences of travelling on their wellbeing. Travellers should be aware of the local regulationsand procedures for importing prescription medication. See under Laws for details.

The standard of medical facilities throughout Thailand varies. While private hospitals withinternational standard facilities can be found in major cities, services can be limited elsewhere.Private hospitals generally require confirmation of insurance or a guarantee of payment beforeadmitting a patient. Costs can be very expensive. Generally, serious illnesses and accidents can betreated at private or public hospitals in Bangkok and other large cities. However, medical evacuationto a destination with the required facilities may be necessary in some cases at considerable cost.

Decompression chambers are located near popular dive sites in Koh Tao, Koh Samui, Phuket,Pattaya and Bangkok.

Stings from jellyfish and other marine animals can be fatal. You should seek advice from localauthorities, your tour operator or hotel regarding seasonal bathing conditions, recommendedprecautions and other potential dangers.

"Medical tourism", including for cosmetic and sex-change operations, is common in Thailand.Australians should ensure that they are not lured to discount or uncertified medical establishmentswhere standards can be lacking, resulting in serious and possibly life-threatening complications.Hospitals and clinics have been known to refuse compensation to patients not satisfied with theresults of cosmetic surgery or when patients are harmed or die during procedures.

Malaria exists throughout the year in rural areas of the country, particularly near the borders withCambodia, Laos, and Burma. Dengue fever occurs in Thailand, and is particularly common duringthe rainy season, peaking in July and August. Thai authorities have reported an increase in denguefever cases and a number of deaths. Australian health authorities report a number of cases ofdengue each year amongst travellers returning from Thailand. There is no vaccination or specifictreatment available for dengue fever. Anyone suffering from a fever should seek medical advice.Other insect-borne diseases (including chikungunya fever, Japanese encephalitis and filariasis) alsooccur in many areas. We encourage you to consider having vaccinations before travelling and toconsider taking prophylaxis against malaria where necessary. We also encourage you to takemeasures to avoid insect bites including using an insect repellent at all times and wearing long,loose fitting, light coloured clothing and ensuring your accommodation is mosquito proof.

The rate of HIV/AIDS infection in Thailand is high. You should exercise appropriate precautions ifengaging in activities that expose you to risk of infection.

Rabies: Rabies is a potentially fatal viral disease that can be found in dogs, monkeys, bats and othermammals in Thailand. In addition to the risk posed by dogs, you should also be aware thatAustralians are routinely treated with rabies immunoglobulin on their return to Australia following

bites or scratches from monkeys in Thailand. In order to avoid potential exposure you should notfeed or pat monkeys, even in popular markets, tourist destinations and sanctuaries where you maybe encouraged to interact with monkeys. See our health page for further information on what to do ifbitten by an animal that may carry rabies.

Water-borne, food-borne, parasitic and other infectious diseases (including tuberculosis, cholera,hepatitis, leptospirosis and typhoid) are prevalent with outbreaks occurring from time to time. Weadvise you to boil all drinking water or drink bottled water, avoid ice cubes and raw andundercooked food, and avoid unpasteurised dairy products. Seek medical advice if you have a feveror are suffering from diarrhoea.

You should also be aware that illness caused by naturally occurring seafood toxins such as ciguateraas well as scombroid (histamine fish poisoning ) and toxins in shellfish can be a hazard (for moreinformation see Queensland Health's factsheet). Seek urgent medical attention if you suspectpoisoning.

Avoid temporary 'black henna' tattoos as they often contain a dye which can cause serious skinreactions. For further information, see the Australasian College of Dermatologists' website.

Smoke haze: There is smoke haze across some parts of north and north-east Thailand usually duringMarch to April. The high levels of air pollution may aggravate bronchial, sinus or asthma conditions.Keep up-to-date with advice of local authorities and seek medical advice on appropriate precautions.Regular air quality reports are available from the Meteorological Service Singapore.

Avian influenza: The World Health Organization (WHO) has confirmed human deaths from avianinfluenza in Thailand. See our health page and Avian Influenza bulletin for further information.

Where to Get Help

Depending on the nature of your enquiry, your best option may be to contact your family, friends,airline, travel agent, tour operator, employer or travel insurance provider in the first instance.

If the matter relates to criminal issues, contact the local police. If the matter relates to complaintsabout tourism services or products, contact the service provider directly.

The Consular Services Charter explains what the Australian Government can and can't do to assistAustralians overseas. For consular assistance, see contact details below:

Australian Embassy, Bangkok

37 South Sathorn Road,

Bangkok, THAILAND

Telephone: (66 2) 344 6300

Facsimile: (66 2) 344 6310

Website: www.thailand.embassy.gov.au

Australian Consulate, Phuket

77/77 Unit 6D, CCM Complex, Moo 5

Charlermprakiat Rama 9 Road

Phuket, THAILAND

Telephone: (66 76) 510 111

Australian Consulate, Chiang Mai

Jinda Charoen Konsong

236 Chiangmai-Doi Saket Road

Amphur Sansai

Chiang Mai, THAILAND

Telephone: (66 53) 492 480

Facsimile: (66 53) 492 426

Australian Consulate, Koh Samui

Koh Samui

Surat Thani, THAILAND

Contact through the Australian Embassy, Bangkok

If you are travelling to Thailand, whatever the reason and however long you'll be there, weencourage you to register with the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. You can register onlineor in person at any Australian Embassy, High Commission or Consulate. The information you providewill help us to contact you in an emergency - whether it is a natural disaster, civil disturbance or afamily issue.

In a consular emergency if you are unable to contact the Embassy, you can contact the 24-hourConsular Emergency Centre on +61 2 6261 3305 or 1300 555 135 within Australia.

Additional information

Natural disasters, severe weather and climate

Severe storms and widespread seasonal flooding, including flash floods, can occur without warningin Thailand, particularly during the local wet season from May to October, but can occur at othertimes. Disruptions to transport (air, sea, road and rail), electricity and communications are likelyduring severe weather events and you should check with your tour operator for the latestinformation on disruptions. You should follow the instructions of local disaster managementauthorities and monitor media and weather reports. You should not enter areas affected by floodingor landslides without seeking advice from local authorities.

The Mekong River Commission website contains information on flood levels for the Mekong River.Travellers should follow instructions from local authorities, monitor media and weather reports, andcheck with tour operators before travelling to affected areas.

Earthquakes can occur in Thailand. In the event of an earthquake you should follow the advice oflocal authorities and monitor the media for the latest information. For the latest earthquakeinformation, visit the Thai Meteorological Department website.

An earthquake with the magnitude of 6.3 affected seven districts of Chiang Rai province on 5 May2014. Damage was caused to some buildings.

All oceanic regions of the world can experience tsunamis, but in the Indian and Pacific Oceans thereis a more frequent occurrence of large, destructive tsunamis because of the many large earthquakesalong major tectonic plate boundaries and ocean trenches. See the Tsunami Awareness brochure.

Information on natural disasters can be obtained from the Humanitarian Early Warning Service. If anatural disaster occurs, follow the advice of local authorities.

Wildlife

Australians are advised to respect wildlife laws and to maintain a safe and legal distance whenobserving wildlife, including marine animals and birds. You should only use reputable andprofessional guides or tour operators and closely follow park regulations and wardens' advice.

Additional Resources

For additional general and economic information to assist travelling in this country, see thefollowing links:

http://www.smartraveller.gov.au/zw-cgi/view/Advice/Thailand