The 1970s to the Present

Chapters 29-32

Nixon’s Foreign Policy

• Détente – lessening of tensions

• Nixon and Henry Kissinger– Realpolitik– Balance of Power

Nixon’s Foreign Policy

• China Visit – 1972– Diplomatic

Recognition

• Soviet Union and détente – Arms Control Treaties

• SALT I - 1972• ABM Treaty

– Grain Deal

Foreign Policy

• Energy Crisis, 1973– Arab Oil Embargo– OPEC

• Helsinki Conference – 1975– Held during Ford’s presidency– “Helsinki Accords”

• Human rights and fundamental liberties• European borders set (after WWII)• Effects

Nixon’s Domestic Policy

• New Federalism

• Revenue Sharing – What? Why?

• Civil Rights

• Legislation

Environmentalism

• EPA created, 1970 – Why?– Rachel Carson’s

Silent Spring 1962– Clean Air Act 1970

• Toxic Waste

• Nuclear Protests

• Endangered Species Act, 1973

Economic Issues

• Inflation

• Wage and Price Controls – why? – What happened?

• Stagflation– Slowing productivity and rising inflation – a

rare combination – will plague the Ford and Carter presidencies

Election of 1972• Democrats select George McGovern to

run against Nixon – Why?

• Result

Watergate

• Watergate– Biggest presidential scandal in history– Forced Nixon to resign

Watergate

• Key advisors – Bob Haldeman and John Ehrlichman

• CREEP

• Watergate break-in – Why?

WatergateBob Woodward & Carl Bernstein

Washington Post

Reality

The Movie

Watergate

• VP Spiro Agnew resigns, Oct 1973 – Why?

• Senate Hearings

• Watergate Tapes

• U.S. v Nixon

Watergate• Impeachment and

Resignation– Gerald Ford becomes

President

Watergate – the Aftermath• The Pardon (Sept 1974)

– Thirty-one Nixon officials were convicted and went to jail

• The “Imperial Presidency”– Criticisms of the Nixon White House– The War Powers Act - 1973

The Ford Presidency• Pardon

• Fighting Inflation– WIN

• Fall of Saigon

Ford as President• The Mayaguez Incident

• SALT II

Election of 1976• Ford vs. Carter

• Campaign Issues – honesty, the outsider

Carter – Domestic Policies

• Amnesty – Why? Controversial?

• Depts of Education and Energy created

• More inflation

• Environment– Three Mile Island

• Airline Deregulation

Carter - Foreign Policy

• Humanitarian diplomacy!– Define

• Panama Canal Treaty

• Camp David Accord – 1978– What was it?

• SALT II - ratify

• Iran Hostage Crisis

Election of 1980• Carter vs. Reagan (another outsider)

• Campaign Issues- Role of Religious Right

The Reagan Years

• Cold War Politics– Evil Empire speech– SDI – Why?

• Middle East– Lebanon and Libya– Iran-Iraq War

• The U.S. backs Iraq and its leader, Saddam Hussein – Why?

The Reagan Years

• Western Hemisphere– Nicaragua– El Salvador– Granada

End of the Cold War

• Michael Gorbachev– Glasnost and perestroika

• Iron Curtain falls in 1989

• Fall of the Soviet Union 1991

Reagan’s Domestic Policies

• Supply-side economics (Reaganomics)– Define– Trickle-down effect– Tax cut– Results

• More deregulation– AT&T

Reagan’s Domestic Policies

• S & L Bailout – why?

• Air Traffic Controllers Strike– Reagan’s response?– Difference between

Democrats & Republicans

• Appointment of Sandra Day O’Connor

Election of 1984• Reagan vs. Walter Mondale

– Geraldine Ferraro nominated by Democrats as first female VP candidate

Reagan – Second Term

• Tax Reform Act of 1986

• Immigration Reform– Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986– Gives permanent status to 2.7million illegals

who have lived in the USA since 1982

• Iran Contra Scandal

• Reagan and the Supreme Court

• Reagan’s Legacy

Election of 1988• George Bush vs. Michael Dukakis

• Role of the South for the Republicans

Bush’s Presidency• End of the Cold War

• Operation Desert Storm

Election of 1992• Bush vs Bill Clinton (D) and Ross Perot (I)

• Key Issues - The Deficit

Clinton

• NAFTA

• Failed attempt at health care reform

• Republican rebirth in Congress, 1994– Newt Gingrich– Contract with

America

Clinton – Legislative Agenda

• Family Leave Act

• PWORA – ending welfare as we know it

• Motor Voter Law

• Reelection against Bob Dole in 1996

• Economic Prosperity

• Balanced Budgets– Deficits, entitlements, and the national debt

Clinton – 2nd Term• Impeachment

– 2nd Pres. to be impeached– Neither convicted

Election of 2000• Al Gore (D) vs George W. Bush (R)

• Disputed ballots in Florida (hanging chads)

• Bush v. Gore (2000)

Which is the real ballot for Palm Beach County?

Butterfly Ballot – How did it get its name?

The 21st Century• No Child Left Behind• Tax Cuts• 9/11/2001• Homeland Security and the

growth of government• War on Terrorism

The 21st Century• War in Iraq

• Election of 2004 against John Kerry

The 21st Century• Election of 2008

– Barack Obama defeats John McCain

Copyright + 1999 by Harcourt Brace & Company All rights reserved

Immigration – From Where?

The Age of GlobalizationThe Age of Globalization

Total Immigration, 1960-2000 Sources of Immigration, 1995-2003

Copyright + 1999 by Harcourt Brace & Company All rights reserved

How do these maps reflect the population shifts within the USA?

Trends on the Supreme Court• From Roe v Wade (1973)

• Ideological Battles on the Court– The Court shifts right– Burger to Rehnquist to Roberts– Supreme Court confirmation battles – Why?– What is the litmus test for appointees?

Political Trends since 1960

• What has happened to the New Deal coalition? the conservative coalition?

• How did the changing coalitions affect a president’s ability to enact legislation?

• How does the country shift to the right?– What does this mean?

• http://www.270towin.com/ - election trends

Social Trends – How has the workforce changed?

Decreasing Number of Farmers, 1940-1990

Copyright + 1999 by Harcourt Brace & Company All rights reserved

Technology Trends• Space: the Final Frontier

• Communications changes since 1950– How have these affected the following?

• Individuals• Politics/ Elections• The Media

• How has technology has affected business and lifestyle?– Credit and credit cards– Franchising– The internet

The Age of GlobalizationThe Age of Globalization

Science and Technology in the New Science and Technology in the New EconomyEconomy– Breakthroughs in GeneticsBreakthroughs in Genetics

Human Genome Human Genome ProjectProject

Moral and Ethical Moral and Ethical DilemmasDilemmas

DNA Model (Lawrence Lawry/ Getty Images)

Social Trends

• Women’s Rights

• Betty Friedan – The Feminine Mystique

• Gloria Steinem

• Phyllis Schlafly

• Equal Rights Amendment– Proposed by Congress, but never ratified by

the states

• Roe v. Wade (1973)

Liftoff of Apollo 11 in July 1969.

Copyright + 1999 by Harcourt Brace & Company All rights reserved

Edwin (Buzz) Aldrin descends the ladder on the lunar module.Copyright + 1999 by Harcourt Brace & Company All rights reserved

Man first walked on the moon in July 1969. (Neil Armstrong)Copyright + 1999 by Harcourt Brace & Company All rights reserved

The space shuttle Enterprise in 1977.

Copyright + 1999 by Harcourt Brace & Company All rights reserved

Copyright + 1999 by Harcourt Brace & Company All rights reserved

Copyright + 1999 by Harcourt Brace & Company All rights reserved

How has the state you were born in changed?

What does urbanization mean?