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numbering about six hundred, even in winter, yet but fewEnglish winter there, although their number has increasedin the last three years from seven or eight to twenty orthirty. I remained about four days at Davos, and spent thewhole of my time in these special inquiries. My ownobservations were of some value, perhaps, but my informa-tion was chiefly derived from conversing with manypatients, from long and careful discussions with Drs.

Unger and Riidi, and from reading two pamphlets, theone by Dr. Ramann on "Davos as a ’Cure-place’ forPhthisis," and the other " On the Meteorology of Davos,"by Mr. Waters. Dr. Unger and Dr. Eudi showed me muchkindness, and I cannot thank them too much for the excel-lent information which they supplied to me. Dr. Ungerhas lived twelve years in Davos, was himself consumptive,and found his cure there. He may be called the discovererof Davos ; as I believe he and his friend Herr Richter, ofBasle, then phthisical like himself, were the first to settlethere for the purpose of cure. Herr Richter is now thebookseller of Davos, and is in sound health. It is curiousto find that many of the foreign settlers in Davos are cured"poitrinaires." Herr Coster, the stout-looking and ener-getic landlord of the Belvidere, found his cure at Davos,and so did several of his servants. I was at first sightstruck by two things chiefly : first, by the apparent absenceof invalids; and, secondly, by the real absence of medicalmachinery. Knowing as I did that most of the visitorshad come to Davos for their health’s sake, and knowing buttoo well the aspect of the population of other well-knownresorts for the phthisical, my first question was, Where arethe patients P Round the table, with few exceptions, onesaw ruddy faces, and heard cheerful voices only muffledby the needs of vigorous appetites. Indeed the patientsa.te so much it was difficult sometimes to secure a due shareof good things for one’s self. Yet when Dr. Budi satnext to me at dinner on the following evening he could tellme how this person had a cavity at one apex and infiltrationef the other; how a second had come to Davos apparentlybut to die; how a third had come with lungs breaking down,had been cured aud had left Davos, but had again suecumbed to renewed disease, and was now once more in theway of complete recovery; and so forth. Yet perhaps notone of these, unless of the quite new comers, was absentfrom the pleasure excursions of the day, or was leading thelife of an invalid. Those who frequent "cure-places"abroad, or at home for that matter, will best understandmy surprise at the absence of pretentious cure systems, andof all the machinery of quackery. There is a mineral springat Davos, but no one is ever asked to drink at the fountain ;there are no mud-baths, no pine-baths, no elaborate regula-tion of food, or habits of life. Some use is made of the cold.douche, but with this exception, the doctors seem to say tothe patients : It is the air which is to be your cure; youneed some careful watching by us at first, but you need littleor no medicine, and no laborious trifling with other means.Eat and drink pretty much what you like; beware of suddenchanges of temperature, but live otherwise as much in theopen air as you can. This candid simple system is due, nodoubt, to the candour and simplicity of the physicians ofthe place. Nothing could inspire more confidence in theinquirer than the definite, cautious, and perfectly disinter-ested tone of both Dr. Unger and Dr. Budi, to whose state-ments I shall have occasion to return.

(To be concluded.)

THE ADVANTAGES AND OPPORTUNITIES OFFOREIGN STUDY.

THOSE times in which it was impossible to obtain any ade-quate or scientific training in medicine in the United Kingdomare happily long past, and to-day a medical practitioner mayhave completed his education in one British medical schoolwithout incurring the imputation of any want of proper finishto his studies. It is still the custom, however-and a very goodcustom it is,-for those who have the leisure and the where-withal, and especially for students of the higher branches ofthe profession, to travel abroad for a time, and try to gleanfrom foreign schools whatever they may find worthy of beingtaught. That astute physician and man of the world, Dr.

Radcliffe, the physician of William and Mary and QueenAnne, was so impressed with the advantages of foreigntravel that he bequeathed to University College, Oxford,an estate in Yorkshire, charged with the payment of X600per annum, to

*’ two persons to be chosen out of the Uni-

versity of Oxford, when they are Masters of Arts and enteredon the physic line, for the maintenance of the said two

persons for the space of ten years and no longer, the half ofwhich time at least they are to travel beyond the sea forthis better improvement." Radcliffe’s intention evidentlywas that his travelling fellows should settle for a consider-able period at one or more of the foreign universities, andthere acquire a thoroughly sound and perhaps an entireknowledge of medicine, a knowledge which in his day wasnot to be got in England. At the present day there arethree fellows instead of two, and the reduced fellowships aretenable only for three years each, provided the holder spendat least eighteen months of the time abroad. The object ofthe modern Travelling Fellowship seems to be to enable 9,

man to enlarge his views, and to finish his education bytaking advantage of the various opportunities offered bythe different continental universities. With the objects ofthe travelling fellowships we most cordially concur, and wewould urge all students, if possible, to put a coping-stone totheir education by spending a year or so in visiting one ormore of the European schools of medicine.

Every man should receive his medical training in thecountry in which he is going to practise, otherwise he willhardly succeed in properly understanding the constitutionand habits of the patients, both rich and poor, among whomhis life will be spent. No man should visit a foreign uni-versity until he has completed his education in this country 0or, at least, before he has reached the penultimate stage ofhis curriculum. The more experience a man can take abroadwith him the more will he profit by his new foreign expe-riences. Those who are studying at the universities shouldat least possess the degree of M B., and those who are notuniversity men should at least have gained one diplomabefore thinking of travelling abroad. It will be well alsofor the traveller to have had the experience afforded byresidence in a large hospital either as a medical or a surgicalofficer. He may take it for granted that no experience he islikely to gain abroad is half so valuable as that which hewill obtain by holding a responsible and important officeeither in a metropolitan or provincial hospital. There is nomore unsatisfactory being than the man who has glossedover his native ignorance by acquiring a parrot-like know-ledge of foreign teaching, which, being without the power ofcriticism, he has swallowed whole and failed utterly to digest.The earnest student should endeavour thoroughly to threshout every grain of knowledge contained in the homegranaries before he seeks 11 fresh fields and pastures new."To go abroad to learn rudiments is a mere waste of timeand money, and there is no excuse for any student who hasbeen educated even at a second-rate English school if he benot able to prepare and mount microscopic sections, to per-form with more or Jess ability all the operations which aretaught upon the dead subject, and to use with some dexteritythe various instruments of clinical research. If the studenttravel with one particular object in view, he will of coursehave made up his mind betore starting how that objectmay best be carried out. If he intends to devote his atten-tion to one particular subject, with a view to teaching or tospecial practice in the future, he will go direct to the spotwhere his special information is best obtained. To such anone we can offer no advice, but we feel that a few hints tostudents who are going abroad for the sake of general im-provement may not be unacceptable.The first object is to learn the language in which one is

to be taught, and, if not already conversant with Frenchand German, the student should devote all his energies toconquering the difficulties of these languages. The morehe learns before starting the more he will profit by histravels. The. best way to learn a language is to place one-self where there is no escape from it. Always carry a dic-tionary in the pocket (and for French there is nothing bett erthan Bellows’s admirable pocket dictionary), and take everyopportunity of hearing the language spoken and of speakingit. Lecture-rooms, theatres, churches, and tables d’h6te, arethe best schools for modern languages, and these, added to

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companionship and the help of a master will soon give athorough knowledge to him who really tries to learn. Forthe purpose of learain g a foreign tongue it is advisablefor theEnglishman to go first to some town where he is not likely tohear too much of his own language. At Paris, Berlin, andVienna there are swarms of British and American students,and should the traveller, which is far from unlikely, con-tract a friendship among them, his chances of learningFrench or German are immensely,diminished. The tempta-tion to visit any of the provincial medical schools in Franceis not very great, although the Faculty of Medicine in

Lyons is decidedly in the ascendant, and the aspiring sur-geon would do well to attend the course of operative surgeryunder the direction of Leon Trepier. In Germany, on the.other hand, many of .the smaller schools are well worthvisiting, and we should advise a visit to WÜ! zburg or Halle,for example, before proceeding to Berlin or Vienna.We have no intention of giving any precise directions as

to what course a student is to pursue at a foreign school.He will follow the ,bent of his own inelinations in a greatmeasure, and if he be well grounded in professional know-ledge,, he is not likely to ,err in making a selection fromamong the numerous cliniques and lectures which will beopen to him. It will be well for him to have at starting-,some settled plan of operations, and he should be carefulnot to waste his time in a dilettante attention to too manythings. He should leave himself open to glance as it wereat everything, but at each seat of wedicol learning heshould select one or more subjects to which to devoteparticular attention. In Paris, everything is freely open toall the world, and the student is not required to pay any fees.At the present day the chief attractions are the surgicalte.adljt!g of Yerne:uil and the clin ique of M Charcot. Ranvierhas also a great reputation as a teacher of pathologicalhistology, and the opportunities of studying Anatomy oroperative surgery are unusually good owing to the plentifulsupply of, material. There is scarcely a Professor attachedto the Faculty of Medicine in Paris whose name is not welland favouxahly known in this cQuntry,&bgr;nd he who stops heresix months in a year will find the time all too short. InBerlin there is one attraction which is pre-eminent, and that.’is,-th.8 Patholotgical Imetitute, under the .direction of Prof.Virchow. This institute is complete in itself, and withinits walls the student cau most thoroughly study morbidp1’0cesses-.-macroeopically, micl’osco.pioally, and ebenucally.Here demonstrations are given by the eminent Professor,;a,nd,post-mortem examinations are made under his imme-diate superintendence. Some few years ago it was no ea8Ymatter to secure a place in the histological laboratory ; so,great was the competition for that privilege. AlthoughVirchow is, perhaps, the chief, .he is by no means the soleattraction of the Berlin school, and we .ha.ve.únly to men-tion the names of Von Langenbeck, Ba;rd..leben, Frurichs,Du Bois-Reymond, Scbiojer, and Oscar Lie.breich, to assurethe intending visitor that he will find infinite opportunitiesfox enlarging his mind in the domains of clinical medicineand surgery, physiology, obstetrics, and therapeutics.Vienna is the great school for instruction in special

subjects, and whether the student be seeking to increasehis knowledge in medicine, surgery, gynaecology, derma-tology,, syphilology, laryngoscopy, ophthalmology, electro-therapy, otology, psychology and psychiatry, epidemiology,embryology, toxicology, diseases of the nose, diseases of.children, diseases of the nervous system, or diseases of thegenito-urinary organs, he will fiod at least one, and in somecases two or more professors anxious to give him every in-formation in their power on any of these subjects. Thebest known names in Vienna are probahly Billroth, theprofessor of surgery; Carl Braun and 8p&aring;th, the gyreecolo-gists ; Hebra, the greatest living authority on dis.ef1.ses<jf the sk;n; Sigmund, the syphilographer; and Slicker,the histologist. For the student who has several yearsavailable for travelling, there are many seats of mt’dieallearning besides those which we have mentioned. Ger-

many has a score of universities, in each < which there isat least one professor whose name has become a h<usebo)dword, and the student, who has confute o!jcts of specialstudy, witi nnd masters of reputation at Leipzig, Bonn,Heidelberg, Strasburg, Kiel, Mojoioh, Wurzhur, and else-where. The student who travels should lay himself opento receive all those impressions of men and n’anners whichmuat strike a wanderer in a etrnnge country. If, as is

probably the 08...e, lie has iQi;’f>n -w<rking very hard at home,and has been -directii2g his ga.ze solely towards medical ob.jects, now is the time’to enlarge the field of his vision andto devote a part of his attention to other matters. Weshould not advise him to read or work at examination pres-sure. All clinical instruction abroad is given in the earlymorning, and the student -generally has a great part ofthe day to himseif. This he should utilise in seeing everynoteworthy object, in visiting art collections, and in makingexcursions to -places which are interesting from their his-to.rie associations or natural features. Above all we shouldadvise ’him to seize every opportunity of visiting andnoticing the chief- points in bathing and health resorts.Let medicine be his chief aim ; but let it not occupy histhoughts to the exclusion -of everything else, otherwise hemight as well have remained at home and have been con-tent to read those wonderful Jahresberichts in which is con-densed everything that every body everywhere has to teach.

Analytical Records.LA BOURBOULE, SOURCE CHOUSSY, PUY DE DOME.

(INGRAM AND CO., 119, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, E.C.)This water, which was noticed a few weeks ago in our

columns, is -remarkable for the large quantity of arsenic itcontains-larger, it is said, than is found in any othermineral water. It also contains a somewhat large amountof alkaline chlorides and carbonates. The water is a plea.sant one, and will be used with advantage in cases wherethe administration of arsenic is desirable.

BRANSON’S COFFEE EXTRACT.(W. P. BRANSON, 155, FENCHURCH-STREET.)

Mr. Branson has produced a cooee extract which is in all

respects so excellent that it can hardly fail to take a highplace in public favour. It appears to be thoroughly genuine,and has the true coffee taste and aroma. We have tried itboth as caf&eacute; au laitand as caf&eacute; noir, and in the latter formhave seen it handed round after dinner without anyonesuspecting that it was not an unusually good specimen ofthe ordinary home-made infusion. This is really a far moresevere test than mere analysis, as flavour is often lost inpreparations of this kind, while the main ingredients areretained. Good or even drinkable coffe is so uncommon inEngland that Mr. Branson’s extract will be a boon to thosewho value this excellent nerve- stdmulant.

GALE AND CO.’S COD-LIVER OIL EMULSIONS.We have pleasure in recommending these excellent and

useful preparations. The makers have succeeded in over-

coming to a remarkable extent the " nastiness" of the oil,and have incorporated phosphorus, hypophosphites, andother drues with great skill.

THE ALBION MILK AND SULPHUR SOAP.

B.THE ALBION SANITARY SOAP COMPANY, 532, OXFORD-ST.)This soap is a good and useful one. The materials are

well incorporated, and, as far as we can discover, of excel-lent quality. It will be used with advantage in mild skinaffections

EAUX-BONNES (BASSES PYRENEES).(ST:EBBING AND CO., b, MARTIN’S-LANE, CANNON-STREET, E.C.)This is from a well-known sulpbureous spring. It eon-

tains but little solid matter, but a notable quantity ofsulphuretted hydrogen.UNGUENTUM PETROLEI.

(ALLEN AND HANBURYS, PLOUGH-COURT, LONDON.)Semi-transparent, pale-yellow in colour, and perfectly free

from offensive smell. We consider it a valuable preparation,and hope its use will become as common in England as it issaid to be in America.