The Art and Practice in Evaluation of Environmental Performance

The Art and Practice in Evaluation of Environmental Performance

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Course ObjectivesProviding a better understanding of an organization’s

impacts on the environment:– Providing a basis for benchmarking management, operational

and environmental performance; – Provide identifying opportunities for improving efficiency of

energy and resource usage; – Determining whether environmental objectives and targets are

being met;– Demonstrating compliance with regulations; – Determining proper allocation of resources; – Increasing the awareness of employees; and – Improving community and customer relations


Introduction

Environment: The sum total of all surroundings of a living organism, including natural forces and other living things, which provide conditions for development and growth as well as of danger and damage.


Environment may refer to:• Environment (biophysical), the physical and biological factors along with

their chemical interactions that affect an organism• Environment (systems), the surroundings of a physical system that may

interact with the system by exchanging mass, energy, or other properties• Environments (series), a series of LPs, cassettes and CDs depicting natural

soundsIt may also refer to:• Built environment, constructed surroundings that provide the setting for

human activity, ranging from the large-scale civic surroundings to the personal places

• Knowledge environment, social practices, technological and physical arrangements intended to facilitate collaborative knowledge building, decision making, inference or discovery

• Natural environment, all living and non-living things• Social environment, the culture that an individual lives in, and the people

and institutions with whom they interact• Physical environment, in ecology


• In computing:– Desktop environment, in computing, the graphical user interface to the

computer– Environment variables, the dynamic set of variables defined in a process– Integrated development environment, a type of computer software that

assists computer programmers in developing software– Runtime environment, a virtual machine state which provides software

services for processes or programs while a computer is running• Environmental may refer to:

– Environmental art– Environmental determinism– Environmental epidemiology– Environmental health– Environmental movement– Environmental policy– Environmental psychology– Environmental quality– Environmental science, the study of the interactions among the physical,

chemical and biological components of the environment

ISO 14031


ISO 14031

• ISO 14031 is a performance management system that gives businesses advice and guidance on how to identify environmental indicators. These can then be used to evaluate environmental performance.


What is ISO 14031?

ISO 14031 is an environmental performance management system. It gives businesses advice and guidance on how to identify environmental indicators. These indicators are used to measure performance. The collection and assessment of data and information is a main factor in this performance management system.


Aims of ISO 14031• The aim is to provide an evaluation of the current

environmental situation, and provide indications on how trends develop over time. In this way the performance management system is different to an environmental audit.

• Environmental audits only provide information on one specific point in time. ISO 14031 is tool for businesses with and EMS to help measure success. It can also be a guide to small businesses that do not have an EMS. They can identify environmental issues and criteria without the need to pay consultation or ISO certification fees.


ISO 14031 Performance Management System Guidance

• ISO 14031 will provide business guidance on:• Design and development of environmental performance

programmes.• Establishing environmental indicators in management,

operation and environment• Collecting, analyzing and evaluating data.• Reporting success to management, employees and

stakeholders.• Reviewing and improving the performance management

system.


Benefits of ISO 14031 Performance Management System

• There are many benefits for businesses to use ISO 14031. It can help a business determine all the environmental aspects for all stakeholders.

• A great aspect of ISO 14031 is that it can be used by any organization. It does not matter what size, industry, location or complexity of the business is. All can use it.

• The performance management system can help a business prepare periodic improvements. This can help small companies start an environmental management system such as ISO 14001.

• For those businesses that already have an EMS, ISO 14031 is a supplement that can be used alongside. ISO 14031 helps businesses measure their results, which can improve environmental performance.


Small Business BenefitsISO 14031 is great for small businesses. This

is because there is a low burden on finances and personnel. It helps small businesses to become environmentally efficient. This reduces the environmental impact of small business


General Indicators for Achieving Specific Targets


Achieving Performance Targets

Managers are measured on their ability to achieve performance targets. Several basic concepts are involved in communicating and achieving targets: key performance indicators, goal setting, and motivation.


Performance Target or Indicator

• A key performance indicator (KPI) is a tool for performance measurement used by organizations.

• It is used to set a performance standard for an organization, a business unit, or employees. It is also used to evaluate the overall success of the organization or the success of a specific activity in the organization.

• Success can be defined as progress towards strategic or operational goals such as zero defects, customer satisfaction, etc. KPIs are usually understandable, meaningful, and measurable.


Goal SettingGoal setting means establishing what a person or an

organization wants to achieve. Goals should be specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and time-targeted (SMART).

Goal setting is an effective tool for progressive organizations, because it provides a sense of direction and purpose. Employees get to know what they are expected to achieve. A clear concept of achievement leads to personal development and increases the overall performance of the organization.

Goal setting has a direct effect on the performance of the organization. Studies have shown that challenging goals led to higher performance than easy or no goals.


Motivation

Motivation is the psychological feature that arouses an organism to action toward a desired goal and elicits, controls, and sustains certain goal-directed behaviors. For example, if an individual has not eaten, then he or she feels hungry, and as a response he or she eats and diminishes the feelings of hunger. There are many approaches to motivation: physiological, behavioral, cognitive, and social. Motivation in business is very important because motivated employees always look for better ways to do a job. Motivated employees are also more quality oriented and more productive.


Analysis of Enterprise Activities & Determination of Potential Impacts &

Risks


DefinitionEnterprise Analysis ... describes the Business Analysis activities that

take place for organizations to identify business opportunities, build their Business Architecture framework, and determine the optimum project investment path for the enterprise, including implementation of new business and technical system solutions.

During Enterprise Analysis activities, the Business Requirements for future project investments are identified and documented ... as higher-level statements of the goals, objectives, or needs of the enterprise. they describe such things as the reasons why a project is initiated, the things that the project will achieve, and the metrics which will be used to measure its success.

Enterprise Analysis, or EA, is the portion of BA most closely associated with Portfolio Management. The output of EA is a set of projects that go into the project portfolio, complete with business case support and ready for management to examine, choose, and charter.


Benefits

• Better business alignment with strategic goals• Improved planning• Improved decision making• Risk mitigation• Reduced duplication of efforts• Improved integration of resources - people,

processes, and tools


Participants & Roles

• Business Unit Manager(s)– Define strategic goals– Be prepared to prioritize

projects• Business Unit IT Manager(s)– Identify potential projects– Provide background of current

state of IT


• IT Specialists– Provide expertise in various tools and technologies as needed– Map out architectures to achieve the desired goals

• Business Analyst– Help identify gaps between goals and present state– Map current and to-be business processes and suggest

improvements– Design and conduct feasibility studies– Create frameworks to define and rank various proposals– Prepare high-level business case

Participants & Roles


Management Performance Indicators (KPIs)



KPIs• Key Performance Indicators, also

known as KPI or Key Success Indicators (KSI), help an organization define and measure progress toward organizational goals.

• KPIs serve to reduce the complex nature of organizational performance to a small number of key indicators to make it more digestible for us.


Examples

• When you go to your doctor he might measure blood pressure, cholesterol levels, heart rate and body mass index as key indicators of your health.

• With KPIs we try to do the same in organization.


Must be Key To Organizational Success

• Many things are measurable. • That does not make them key to the

organization's success. • Note:• In selecting Key Performance Indicators, It is

critical to limit them to those factors that are essential to the organization reaching its goals.


Number of KPIs

• It is important to keep the number of Key Performance Indicators small.

• It is to keep everyone’s attention focused on achieving the same KPIs.


Performance Management Tool

• A Carrot• KPIs are used as performance Management tool.• KPIs gives everyone in the organization a clear

picture of what is important, of what they need to make happen


KPI targets• Post the KPIs everywhere• In the lunch room• On the walls of every conference room• On Department’s web site• Show what the target for each KPI is and show the

progress toward that target for each of them?• People will be motivated to reach those KPI targets.


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KPIs AND TARGETSIssue KPI Target

All mail is not sorted for delivery on date of receipt

• Per cent mail sent for delivery (Speed Post) 100%

• Per cent mail sent for delivery (Ordinary) 100%

• Per cent mail delivered same day (Regd. Post) 100%

• Per cent mail delivered same day (Speed Post) 100%

• Per cent mail sent for delivery (Regd. Post) 100%

• Per cent mail delivered same day (Ordinary) 100%

• Per cent mail correctly sorted (Speed Post) 100%

• Per cent mail correctly sorted (Regd. Post) 100%

• Per cent mail correctly sorted (Ordinary) 100%

• Time from mail office to customer receipt Less than 24 Hrs

• Mail transit time (end-to-end) As per normsNetwork Issues

• Deviation of beat completion time 30 min

All mail is not delivered on the day of arrival

Mis-sorting and delay in mail dispatch


Operation Performance Indicators (OPIs)


Performance IndicatorA performance indicator or key performance indicator (KPI) is a type

of performance measurement.[An organization may use KPIs to evaluate its success, or to evaluate the success of a particular activity in which it is engaged. Sometimes success is defined in terms of making progress toward strategic goals,

but often success is simply the repeated, periodic achievement of some level of operational goal (e.g. zero defects, 10/10 customer satisfaction, etc.). Accordingly, choosing the right KPIs relies upon a good understanding of what is important to the organization. 'What is important' often depends on the department measuring the performance - e.g. the KPIs useful to finance will be quite different from the KPIs assigned to sales. Since there is a need to understand well what is important (to an organization), various techniques to assess the present state of the business, and its key activities, are associated with the selection of performance indicators. These assessments often lead to the identification of potential improvements, so performance indicators are routinely associated with 'performance improvement' initiatives. A very common way to choose KPIs is to apply a management framework such as the balanced scorecard.


Categorization of IndicatorsKey performance indicators define a set of values used to measure against. These raw

sets of values, which are fed to systems in charge of summarizing the information, are called indicators. Indicators identifiable and marked as possible candidates for KPIs can be summarized into the following sub-categories:• Quantitative indicators that can be presented with a number.• Qualitative indicators that can't be presented as a number.• Leading indicators that can predict the outcome of a process• Lagging indicators that present the success or failure post hoc• Input indicators that measure the amount of resources consumed during the generation of

the outcome• Process indicators that represent the efficiency or the productivity of the process• Output indicators that reflect the outcome or results of the process activities• Practical indicators that interface with existing company processes.• Directional indicators specifying whether or not an organization is getting better.• Actionable indicators are sufficiently in an organization's control to affect change.• Financial indicators used in performance measurement and when looking at an operating

index.• Key performance indicators, in practical terms and for strategic development,

are objectives to be targeted that will add the most value to the business.[3] These are also referred to as 'key success indicators'.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Performance_indicator#cite_note-3

Identifying Indicators of OrganizationPerformance indicators differ from business drivers and

aims (or goals). A school might consider the failure rate of its students as a key performance indicator which might help the school understand its position in the educational community, whereas a business might consider the percentage of income from returning customers as a potential KPI.• The key stages in identifying KPIs are:• Having a pre-defined business process (BP).• Having requirements for the BPs.• Having a quantitative/qualitative measurement of the results

and comparison with set goals.• Investigating variances and tweaking processes or resources

to achieve short-term goals.

Identifying Indicators of Organization• Key performance indicators (KPIs) are ways to periodically assess the

performances of organizations, business units, and their division, departments and employees. Accordingly, KPIs are most commonly defined in a way that is understandable, meaningful, and measurable. They are rarely defined in such a way such that their fulfillment would be hampered by factors seen as non-controllable by the organizations or individuals responsible. Such KPIs are usually ignored by organizations.

• A KPI can follow the SMART criteria. This means the measure has a Specific purpose for the business, it is Measurable to really get a value of the KPI, the defined norms have to be Achievable, the improvement of a KPI has to be Relevant to the success of the organization, and finally it must be Time phased, which means the value or outcomes are shown for a predefined and relevant period.

• In order to be evaluated, KPIs are linked to target values, so that the value of the measure can be assessed as meeting expectations or not.


KPI examples

• Marketing• Manufacturing• IT Operations• IT Project Execution• Supply chain management• Government• Further performance indicators


Environmental Conditions Indicators (ECIs)


Environmental Conditions Indicators (ECIs)

• Environmental indicators are simple measures that tell us what is happening in the environment. Since the environment is very complex, indicators provide a more practical and economical way to track the state of the environment than if we attempted to record every possible variable in the environment. For example, concentrations of ozone depleting substances (ODS) in the atmosphere, tracked over time, is a good indicator with respect to the environmental issue of stratospheric ozone depletion..

• Environmental indicators have been defined in different ways but common themes exist.


• “An environmental indicator is a numerical value that helps provide insight into the state of the environment or human health. Indicators are developed based on quantitative measurements or statistics of environmental condition that are tracked over time. Environmental indicators can be developed and used at a wide variety of geographic scales, from local to regional to national levels.”

• “A parameter or a value derived from parameters that describe the state of the environment and its impact on human beings, ecosystems and materials, the pressures on the environment, the driving forces and the responses steering that system. An indicator has gone through a selection and/or aggregation process to enable it to steer action.”


Indicator Systems & Communicating Them• Individual indicators are designed to translate complex information in a concise

and easily understood manner in order to represent a particular phenomenon (e.g. ambient air quality). In contrast, indicator systems (or collections of indicators), when seen as a whole are meant to provide an assessment of the full environment domain or a major subset of it (e.g. forests).

• Some indicator systems have evolved to include many indicators and require a certain level of knowledge and expertise in various disciplines to fully grasp. A number of methods have been devised in the recent past to boil down this information and allow for rapid consumption by those who do not have the time or the expertise to analyze the full set of indicators. In general these methods can be categorized as numerical aggregation (e.g. indices), short selections of indicators (e.g. core set or headline indicators), short visual assessments (e.g. arrows, traffic signals), and compelling presentations (e.g. maps or the dashboard of sustainability). Many prominent environmental indicator systems have adjusted their indicator systems to include or report solely on a limited “indicator set” (e.g. the OECD’s “Key Environmental Indicators” and the “Canadian Environmental Sustainability Indicators”)


The End


Date post:	15-Apr-2017
Category:	Environment
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