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Scott Fouse Director, Lockheed Martin
Advanced Technology Laboratories
February 28, 2013
2013 IEEE International Multi-Disciplinary Conference on Cognitive Methods in
Situation Awareness and Decision Support (CogSIMA)
The Art of Defining Generation-After-Next Capabilities:
The Command Post of the Future
Experience
Today’s Challenges: Big Data -> Data to Decisions Current Approach Receive, tag, store and process all of the data
If we need to process all of
this data?
How to employ the expertise
of others?
What decisions we are trying to
support?
What should be automated?
manual?
How we can make this data useful to the
user?
Path to Defining Generation-After-Next Capabilities
“A good hockey player plays where the puck is. A great hockey player plays where the puck is going to be.” Wayne Gretzky
Co-Evolution of Technology & CONOPs
Technology
Experimentation
ConOps
The General Process of Co-Evolution
1. Understand first-hand how it’s done today
2. Develop a story based on a catastrophic event in the future, including: • multiple actors • decision making • the way they do business
3. Plan a series of immersive events, with ‘suspension of disbelief’, to enact the story
4. Summarize insights from operators and technologists, focusing on what can/cannot be done today, and identify possible solutions for the gaps
~~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~~
Example: Command Post of the Future (CPoF)
Four CPoF Program Phases:
• Technology Centric - Command Theater Concept – January 1997 thru February 1999
• Command & Control University
– February 1999 through June 2000
• Double Helix – Co-Evolution of Technology and CONOPs – June 2000 through October 2003
• Deployment - Support for Army Operations in Baghdad
– October 2003 to present
Example: Command Post of the Future (CPoF)
Four CPoF Program Phases:
• Technology Centric - Command Theater Concept – January 1997 through Feb 1999
• Command & Control University
– February 1999 through June 2000
• Double Helix – Co-Evolution of Technology and CONOPs – June 2000 through October 2003
• Deployment - Support for Army Operations in Baghdad
– October 2003 to present
Components & Capabilities
• Battlespace Theater – High Resolution Displays – Electronic Sand-Table – Tailored Visualizations – Speech & Gesture Interaction – Natural Language Queries – Knowledge-Based Reasoning – Collaboration Services – Decision-Centered Environment
• Information Center – Staff Anchor Desks – External Connections – Interfaces to C4I Applications – Information Integration Tools – Decision-Centered Retrieval – Modular, Extensible Architecture
Command Post of the Future
Tailored Visualizations
Immediate Understanding Match user’s cognitive model Data => Information => Knowledge Intuitive visual presentations
Abstract as well as geospatial Temporal as well as static
Decision-Centered Information tailored to decisions Show decision-relevant details Highlight relevant changes, anomalies,
exceptions Uncover battlespace patterns Portray uncertainties
Tailored to User Current echelon, task & situation User’s functional role User’s background & preferences
Intuitive Human-Computer Interaction
Natural User Interface Speech & gesture commands Minimal keyboard input
Easy Exploration “Fly-through” and “drill-down” Question answering Computer generated explanations
Integrated Environment Integrated display surfaces Coordinated presentations Uniform manipulation Room-wide drag and drop
Collaboration Support Collaborative visualization Group collaboration services
Adaptive Decision Environment Decision Focused
Immediate access to tailored information
Operable by immediate staff Computing is transparent and
embedded in the environment Context Tracking
Environment tracks Command Post situation: people, roles, tasks, decisions
Dialog Management User requests are interpreted in
terms of current context Adaptive Presentation
Presentations are tailored to current context
System Architecture
C2/
Plan
ning
A
pplic
atio
ns
Dyn
amic
D
atab
ase
Dat
a So
urce
s (B
AD
D)
CO
MM
C
hann
els
Battlespace Reasoning, Analysis, and Simulation
Displays, PDAs, Sensors
Visualization and Human-Computer Interaction
Decision-Centered Information Management
Commander’s Perception and Understanding
of the Battlespace
Technology-Centric Summary
• Generated entirely from technologists, whose only understanding of the problem is from movies and books
• Interesting product, but ultimately not very relevant
Example: Command Post of the Future (CPoF)
Four CPoF Program Phases:
• Technology Centric - Command Theater Concept – January 1997 through February 1999
• Command & Control University
– February 1999 through June 2000
• Double Helix – Co-Evolution of Technology and CONOPs – June 2000 through October 2003
• Deployment - Support for Army Operations in Baghdad
– October 2003 to present
Command and Control University (C2U) C2U Objectives
– Educate the Technology Developers – Educate the Graybeards – Establish a Forum for Discussion – and Practice what we Preach - Use the Technology!
C2U Organization –Tier One: Installation Visits
• February 1999 – Camp Pendleton • May 1999 - Fort Leavenworth • November 1999 – Joint Readiness Training
Center (JRTC) –Tier Two: Workshops
• March 2000 - Urban Operations: Past, Present, and Future
–Tier Three: Distance Learning • Tactical Decision Games • Seminars / Discussions
Tier One Event: JRTC - Nov 8-11, 1999
Tier Two Event - Urban Ops Workshop
Two Types of Events eDiscussion: Online seminars eTDG: Tactical Decision Games
Schedule: 3 Aug: eTDG1 (The Battle Along the Tziepov) 17 Aug: eTDG2 (The Battle Along the Tziepov) 31 Aug: eDiscussion: DM Theory - Gary Klein 13 Sep: eTDG3 (The Battle of Johnsonburg) 19 Oct: eDiscussion: Art & Science of Battle Command - Col John Rosenberger 26 Oct: eTDG4 (Battle of Rocky Run Hollow) 23 Nov: eTDG5 (Battle in the Box) 14 Dec: eTDG6 (Operation Lump Sum) 15 Feb: eTDG7 (The Evacuation of Enniottu City) 22 Feb: eTDG8 (The Evacuation of Enniottu City) 29 Feb: eTDG9 (The Battle for Hue City) 4 Apr: eTDG10 (Flank Guard at Teutopolis) 11 Apr: eTDG11 (Flank Guard at Teutopolis)
Tier Three - Distance Learning
eTDG1 - Battle Along the Tsiepov
eTDG2 - Battle Along the Tsiepov (Cont.)
eTDG3 - Battle of Johnsonburg
eTDG4 - Battle of Rocky Run Hollow
eTDG4 - As Viewed by the Teacher
eTDG5 - Battle in the Box
eTDG6 - Operation Lump Sum
eTDG6 - Based on LAM SON 719
eTDG7,8 - The Evacuation of Enniottu City
C2U Summary • Provided to the technologists some
appreciation of the problems of Command and Control
• Provided to the SMEs some notions of what technology might provide
• Generated a rich collection of “tactical” experiences that provided common ground for both the technologists and military subject matter experts (SMEs)
• Ultimately was the key to success for generating a disruptive concept
Example: Command Post of the Future (CPoF)
Four CPoF Program Phases:
• Technology Centric - Command Theater Concept – January 1997 through February 1999
• Command & Control University
– February 1999 through June 2000
• Double Helix – Co-Evolution of Technology and CONOPs – June 2000 through October 2003
• Deployment - Support for Army Operations in Baghdad
– October 2003 to present
Double Helix Implementation
• A creative process involving visionary technologists and visionary SMEs • Need to be careful about who you call your expert!
• Critical to select right starting point, to enable zero-
baselining • Do not want concept to be overly constrained by current practices
• Focus on design of exercise vice implementation
• Use many stimulation techniques
Block Parties
Exploratory Experiments
• Designed to focus on one aspect of vision or technology, essentially exploring one aspect of a future space
• Key aspect of experiment is "suspension of disbelief", which is achieved through combination of content and facilitation
• Need to be careful about metrics, since they may be tied to current, conventional thinking, and they may not apply in this future space
Team develops new intuition about this future environment
Executing the Double Helix Guidance
General Paul Gorman, Chair (USA) LtGen Paul Van Riper (USMC)
1st Order: Knowledge/Experimentation
BGen Keith Holcomb (USMC) BG Pat O’Neal (USA) MG Tom Garrett (USA)
Major John Schmitt (USMC)
2nd Order: Senior Domain Experts General Anthony Zinni (USMC) LtGen Paul Van Riper (USMC)
3rd Order: Active Service
Army Officers, Fort Leavenworth Marine Corps Officers, Quantico
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Example: Command Post of the Future (CPoF)
Four CPoF Program Phases:
• Technology Centric - Command Theater Concept – January 1997 through February 1999
• Command & Control University
– February 1999 through June 2000
• Double Helix – Co-Evolution of Technology and CONOPs – June 2000 through October 2003
• Deployment - Support for Army Operations in Baghdad
– October 2003 to present
Command Post of the Future: Distributed Command Collaborative visualizations provide each user with the ability to interact
with the system and other users using visualizations tuned to their specific
perspective
Information management tools provide access to military databases in a scalable, distributed
architecture Touch Screen
Multi-Modal Inputs provide a natural interface for users.
Using speech and sketch to capture user queries and the commanders understanding
Collaboration Technology: Marrying the commander’s expertise to information technology in order to see/understand information and create understanding which can be shared and acted upon
Automated reasoning agents called sentinels, provide the commander with information
filtering and conditional alerting, and low level data analysis
capabilities
The BattleBoard
Information
Understanding
Collaboration is more than shared pixels or
data. The collaboration provides tools for linking
interpretations and understanding to data
The Result
Distributed collaboration enables the elimination of place-based
command posts. Commanders and staff can be
distributed across the battlefield during all phases of tactical
operations
BDE CP Users CDR S3 PLN BDE CP Users
BDE CP Users
BDE CP Users
1st Cav Div CP
Forward Operating
Base
1.5Mb-8Mb Tactical 100Mb Special
CDR S3 PLN
CDR S3 PLN
CDR S3 PLN
Deployed Users at DIV CP
CPOF 1Gb LAN
DIVCDR ADC ADC ENG
ENG
CAV FSE G4 G2 G3 G3 G3
G5
G4 G2 G3
Plans Plans Plans Plans Plans
2D map & Pasteboard Work area
Work areas of others - Shared
3D map & Animation Area
Left Display Center Display Right Display
CPoF: A Disruptive Innovation
• Collaborative Visualization, which operates at the speed of thought
• Focused not only at presenting information to the commander, but also capturing commander’s situation understanding
• The commander uses the tool to describe his understanding of the situation, enabling incredibly rich shared understanding!
2. Develop a story
3. Plan a series of immersive events
~~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~~
Applying These Techniques to the Challenges of ‘Big Data’ and ‘Data To Decisions’
Anti-Access/Aerial Denial (A2AD)
in Sandiegoland
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
UAV Video
(Powerpoint)
4. Summarize insights and ISR gaps drive game-changing development of new capabilities!
1. Understand first-hand how it’s done today, e.g.:
• Red Flag • Empire Challenge • Army Network Integration Experiment • Trident Spectre
QUESTIONS?