The ASHRAE 90.1-2010 EnergyCode: How it Will Affect YourProjects
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PresenterJeff Boldt, PE, LEED® AP, HBDP
KJWW Engineering (500 staff)
Principal – Director of Engineering
Voting Member ASHRAE SSPC-90.1• Chair - Healthcare Working Group (WG)
• Chair - Hydronic WG, Elevator WG, Duct Leakage WG
Member ASHRAE 189.1
Author AEDG Small & Large Healthcare
Member WHEA Code Committee, WI Energy & HVAC CCs
Member FGI Acoustical Working Group
Agenda
What is ASHRAE 90.1?
How is ASHRAE 90.1 enforced?
What changed in 90.1-2010?
Challenges?
Suggestions for compliance
What is ANSI/ASHRAE/IESStandard 90.1?
ASHRAE 90.1
World’s most adopted building energy code?
Basis for International Energy ConservationCode (IECC)
Compliance option in the IECC
Minimum code standard
NOT aimed at 2030 ChallengeASHRAE to achieve NZEB in AEDGs & 189.1
Scope of ASHRAE 90.1
Energy conservation codefor buildings, except low-rise residential
Envelope
HVAC
Service Water Heating
Power & Lighting
Other
Scope of ASHRAE 90.1
Buildings, except low-rise residentialNot 3 stories or less residential or anysingle-family residences
Low-rise hotel, prison, etc. are covered
New buildings and their systems
New portions of buildings & systems
New systems (equipment) in existingbuildings
8 Temperature ‘zones’ + ABC = 17
Scope Addition
New equipment or building systemsspecifically identified in the standardthat are part of industrial ormanufacturing processes
Computer rooms are the first application
How is ASHRAE 90.1Enforced?
How 90.1 is Enforced
EPAct 1992 requires DOE to revieweach version of 90.1 & requires allstates to have energy codessubstantially equal to the latest‘approved’ version
DOE issues “Determinations”Theoretically, within one year
States are given two years to comply
DOE Determination
90.1-2010 was given a positivedetermination
States were notified October, 2011 thatthey must comply by October, 2013
Not All States Comply
Several states do not have a statewidebuilding or energy code
Each jurisdiction adopts its own code
Most States Comply
Indiana adopts 90.1-2007
Iowa, and Wisconsin adopt 2009 IECCwith amendments
The 2009 IECC includes 90.1-2007 as acompliance option
Illinois adopted IECC-2012 1/1/2013
2012 IECC adopts 90.1-2010
State Compliance Map
Why Should I Comply?
Required for LEED CertificationPrerequisite and need a couple points
Appendix G for more points
90.1-2010 for LEED version 4
Onerous requirements in IECC-2012
Required for all federal facilities
Saves energy
What Changed in ASHRAE90.1 - 2010?
ASHRAE 90.1-201090.1-2010 was released in October 2010
Goal was 30% less energy than 90.1-2004
2007 version saved only a few %
IECC has incorporated most changes2009 has some
2011 interim update
2012 major edition accepts 90.1-2010
ASHRAE 90.1-2010
Many ChangesElevators was addendum DF!!
118 addenda proposed
Building Envelope
2007 RequirementsSpecifies wall, floor, and roof R-values
Windows and doors• 40% window limit
• Window U and SHGF (NFRC 400)
• Vestibules
Building Envelope
No change in 2010
Significant Changes in 2013Roof Insul R20/16 cz1 >> R35/20 cz8
SHGF 0.25/0.40 cz1 >> 0.34/0.45 cz8
U-values 0.65/1.2 cz1 >> 0.34/0.45 cz8
VT/SHGC ratio 1.1 includes frame
Building Envelope – Addendum (--)
Insulation (for 2013: not in 2010)Example – Zone 6 (Madison) Steel Framed• 2007 – R-13 + R-7.5 c.i.
– 2” of expanded polystyrene (bead board)
• 2013 – R-13 + R-15 c.i.– 4.0” of expanded polystyrene (at 3.8/inch)
– Potential conflict between 90.1 and IBC
– R-18.8 in Zone 7 = 5” EPS, 4” XPS, or 3.5” ISO
– R-10 in Zone 4 = 3” EPS, 2.5” XPS or 2” ISO
Building Envelope
Building Envelope – for 2013
Maximum 30% glass in prescriptive pathException: 40% if• Distribute glass to daylight > 50% of floor area
• Install daylight dimming
Is Envelope Important?
I think envelopematters!
Envelope – Continuity – Too Late
Building Envelope – Air Barrier (bf)
Air barrier & joints must be detailed
Air Barriers
Materials < 0.004 cfm/SF
Assembly < 0.040 cfm/SF
Building Envelope
More S glazing than either E or W (bn)Building orientation
Land purchases and campus planning
No public review comments
ExceptionsStorefront, Shaded building, Infill withnearby building on south, Alterations withno increase in glazing
Building Envelope
Building Envelope – Changing 2013
Miscellaneous
Cool roofs (f)Cz1-3, with exceptions
5.5.4.2.3 Minimum Skylight Fenestration Area. In enclosedspaces that are:
i. greater than 10,000ft2, and [5,000 ft2*]ii. directly under a roof with ceiling heights greater than 15 ft, andiii. one of the following space types: office, lobby, atrium, concourse,
corridor, storage, gymnasium/exercise center, convention center,automotive service, manufacturing, non-refrigerated warehouse,retail, distribution/sorting area, transportation, or workshop.
The total skylight area shall be either;• a. a minimum of 3% of the roof area of that enclosed space with a
skylight VLT at least 0.40, or• b. such that the daylight area under skylights will be a minimum of
half the floor area and provide a minimum skylight effective apertureof at least 1%.
These skylights shall have a glazing material or diffuser with a measuredhaze value greater than 90% when tested according to ASTM D1003.General lighting in the daylight area shall be controlled as described inSection 9.4.1.4.
Skylights in Large Interior Spaces
Building Envelope
Suggestions for compliancePlan building orientation early
Shade glass or use low SHGF
Early integration of architecture and MEPengineering
• Envelope design affects HVAC design
• Energy modeling for comparing options and balancingefficiency with cost
HVAC
ScopeEquipment efficiency ratings
Fan Power
Energy recovery
Reheat limitations
Economizers
Duct sealing and leakage
Other
Fan Power
2007 requirementsCAV = 0.94 BHP/1000 cfm + Allowances
VAV = 1.30 BHP/1000 cfm + Allowances
Allowances for:• Ducted return• Return control devices• Filters• Heat recovery (wording clarifications for 2013)• Silencers
Fan Power
2010 requirements (VAV)Offices <1.5 BHP/1000 cfm
Labs & Hospitals <2.3 BHP/1000 cfm• Based on brake HP
• Includes all fans running at peak cooling load
• Also in IECC 2009 & 2012
Fan Power
Suggestions for complianceEfficient fansLow static systems• Larger air handling units (but smaller motors)• Fewer duct turns• Shorter duct runs• Requires early coordination of architectural
design with HVAC design• Sell the advantages!
Fan Power
2007 ERU allowanceWhatever the pressure drop is
2010 ERU allowance (dj)(2.2*effectiveness – 0.5) per airstream,except Runaround coils = 0.6”
Provides incentive for higher efficiencyenergy recovery
Energy Recovery – 2013 Changes?
2007 – if >70% OA and >5,000 cfm
Reheat – Typical VAV Hospital
Reheat
2007 requirementsUnlimited reheat if there are any pressurecontrolled spaces – many constant volumehospitals and labs
Many exceptions
Reheat2010 requirements
No reheat allowed unless:• ≤30% of peak flow (≤50% if 20% DB) or
• Flow no more than required air changes
Exception if 75% of heat is recovered
Bans CAV systems in most hospitals & labs
ORs only pressurized when unoccupied
IECC WAS Less Restrictive
2012 IECC deleted a critical exceptionVAV becomes non-compliant for manybuildings (in prescriptive path)
Limit on Overhead Air Heating (BX)
Limits heating air temperature to 20F aboveroom temperature when both supply outletand return/exhaust inlet are >6-feet AFF
Supplemental heat may be needed
OR
Better envelope may be needed
Reheat
Suggestions for complianceVAV systems
Perimeter heating
Condenser reheat
Heat pumps, fan coils, or chilled beamswith dedicated outside air systems (DOAS)and enthalpy recovery
Economizers
2007 requirementsExempt if over 25% of area served ishumidified above 35F dew-point (~22%RH)
Exempt if <11 tons
Not required in 1a&b, 2a, 3a & 4a
Economizers
2007
2010 (cy)
Economizers (cy)
Requires water economizer for somezones required to be humidified
Run cooling towers in the winter
Hospitals & some labs
Economizers - 2013
Possible changes in 2013
May have required too much in hot,humid zones in 2010
Economizers – None vs. Air
Economizers – Air vs. Water
Economizers – Water vs. Condenser
Energy Recovery Chillers for HealthcareFacilities & Labs, Etc.
Economizers
Suggestions for complianceUse a winterized cooling tower• Good energy saving measure for hospitals
Condenser Reheat• No risk of tower freezing
• Good payback in new construction
• Synergistic with water economizer
AHU Heat Gain (2013)
F&B Coils6.5.2.5 Preheat Coils.Preheat coils shall havecontrols that stop their heatoutput whenever mechanicalcooling, includingeconomizer, is occurring.
Humidifiers – 2013
6.5.2.4.3 Humidification systemdispersion tube hot surfaces in theairstream of ducts or air handling unitsshall be insulated with a product withan insulating value of at least R-0.5.
Duct Sealing (cq)
Ductwork and plenums with pressureratings shall be seal class A
Shaft openings require bushings
25% of duct systems over 3” w.g. andALL outdoor ducts shall be leak tested
Tested sections chosen by owner
Leakage class = 4 for all ducts
Duct Leakage
Seal Class vs. Leakage Class
Seal Class CSeal all transverse joints only
Seal Class BAll transverse joints and longitudinal seams
Seal Class AAll transverse joints, longitudinal seams,and duct wall penetrations
Leakage Class
Example: Leakage Class 4 means 100SF of duct will leak ≤ 4 cfm at 1” w.c.
Formula: Lmax = CLP0.65
Lmax = maximum permitted leakage cfm/100 ft2duct surface area;
CL = 4 (90.1-2010; 6 and 3 in SMACNA), ductleakage class, cfm/100 ft2 duct surface area at 1 in.w.c.; and
P = test pressure, which shall be equal to the designduct pressure class rating, in. w.c.
Domestic Water Preheat
No changes
Required if:Facility operates 24 hours a day.
Total installed heat rejection capacity of thewater-cooled systems exceeds 6,000,000 (~430cooling tons) Btu/h of heat rejection, and
Design service water heating load exceeds1,000,000 Btu/h.
Other HVAC Changes
Pump head calculation
Chilled water pipe sizing
Chilled water pump VSDs & pressure reset
Radiant panel insulation
Single-zone VAV requirements
Supply air temperature resetOne of the larger savings
Other Mechanical Changes
Upped equip efficiencies – a, k, y, ao, t,bw, aj, bk
Added new equip – I, …A&L = cooling tower efficiencies
Y = Pool heaters
M = chillers compromise efficiency• Path A & B
Other Mechanical Changes
BT extends chiller rating range andadds glycol and brine
CY extends efficiency tradeoff foreconomizers to all system types
Other Mechanical Changes
BU= data centers = 3% of USA energyCritical data centers definition continues tobe revised
CO increases PTAC efficiency andextends to evap cooled equipment
Other Mechanical Changes
Cp = VRF efficiencies per AHRIEasy limits in 2010
LightingCovers
Interior spaces of buildings
Exterior building features
Exterior grounds lighting powered through building• Exceptions
– Emergency lighting that is normally off
– Lighting required by life safety statute
– Lighting in dwelling units
Triggering Criteria for Retrofits
2007≥50% of building connected lighting load
2010≥10% of building connected lighting load
LightingLighting Power Density (LPD)
Building Area Method• Table 9.5.1
Space-by-Space Method• Calculate each zone
Energy Cost Budget Method• For all systems (energy modeling)
Lighting
~ 30 lighting addenda
2 wattage reduction addenda
28 lighting control addenda
LPD dropped a little ~10% on average
Lighting
Lighting power density changes for 2010
* Few changes between 2004 and 2007
*
Lighting Controls
No daylighting rules until 2010
Addenda d, ab, al, ct
Obstructions >5’ tall end daylit areas
Daylit Lighting Controls (ab)
Lighting control for daylighted spacesPrimary sidelighted area
Secondary sidelighted area
Toplighting
Daylighted area (under skylights)
Exterior Lighting
5 zones (i)National parks
Residential
Other
Metro
0 – 1300W + 0-1.0 W/SF
Occupancy Sensors
Added training rooms, lecture halls,storage 50-1000sf, offices ≤250SF,restrooms, dressing/locker rooms
Manual onExceptions – restrooms, public corridorsand stairs
Bi-level control for most spacesNot corridors
Alterations
Interior and exterior alterations mustcomply
Includes lamp+ballast replacements
Parking Garage
Reduce power 30% if no activity in>3600SF area
Exterior (cd)
MUST turn off exterior lighting whensufficient daylight is available
Astronomical timer or daylight sensor
Façade and landscape lighting off frommidnight or closing to 6am or opening
Control Incentives
Addendum AC allows more LPD if morecontrols are added
Most options allow 5-10% increase
Stairwell & Emergency Lights (cu)
Reduce power 50% within 30 minutes
Controversial in committee
Not approved by BOD, but might saveyou energy
Functional Testing (az)
Lighting control devices and controlsystems shall be tested to ensure thatcontrol hardware and software arecalibrated, adjusted, programmed, andin proper working condition inaccordance with the constructiondocuments and manufacturer’sinstallation instructions.
Lighting Automatic Shutoff
Whole-building shutoff for all spacesExceptions for:• Patient care areas
• Lighting required for 24-hour use
• Where automatic-off would be unsafe
Individual space controls
Tandem Wiring - Deleted
Exit Signs Limited to 5 Watts
Lighting – 2010 Additions
“X” extended shutoff requirements to:Buildings <5,000 SF
Private offices
Storage rooms
Restrooms
9.4.1.3 Automatic Daylighting Controls for Primary SidelightedAreas. When the combined primary sidelighted area in an enclosed spaceexceeds 1,000 ft2, the lamps for general lighting in the primary sidelightedarea shall be separately controlled by at least one multi-level photocontrol(including continuous dimming devices) having the following characteristics:
(a) the light sensor for the photocontrol shall be remote from wherecalibration adjustments are made;
(b) the calibration adjustments shall be readily accessible; and
(c) the multi-level photocontrol shall reduce electric lighting in responseto available daylight with at least one control step that is between 50%and 70% of design lighting power and another control step that is nogreater than 35% (including off) of design power.
Lighting controls when day-lit (ab)
Lighting
Suggestions for complianceMinimize or eliminate incandescent use
Use efficient sources – e.g. super T-8
Use efficient fixtures
Pick your battles
Power – Controversial! (overturned)
“BZ” may add separate monitoring of:Total electrical energy
HVAC systems electricity
Exterior lighting
Interior lighting
Receptacle circuits
15-minute reporting
Power - Receptacles (bs)
50% of 120V need automatic control inoffices and computer classrooms
Includes modular partitions
OptionsTime of day
Occupancy sensor
Another control or alarm system
Power - Receptacles (bs)
Exceptions:Receptacles specifically designated forequipment requiring 24 hour operation
Spaces where patient care is rendered
Spaces where an automatic shutoff wouldendanger the safety or security of theroom or building occupant(s).
Other Equipment
Booster PumpsSensor to start and/or control speed
Remote sensor or simulation logic
No PRV at pumps
Pumps off when no flow
Other Equipment
ElevatorsLighting efficacy ≥35 LPW
Ventilation ≤ 0.33 W/cfm
Lights & fans off if unused for >15 minutes
2013 – Elevator movement efficiency
2013 – Escalators & fast-walks
ECB & Appendix G
AI clarifies purchased heat/cooling
BJ = ventilation effectiveness
DA – baseline ventilation is code, notsame in both models!
DN – adds systems 10 & 11 forwarehouses, stairwells, etc that aren’theated
Energy Modeling
16 buildings, 17 climate zones
Weighting factors
Hospital 2.8% of USA SF, Clinic 3.5%
Warehouse 13%, Stand-alone retail12%
44 addenda for 2007
64 more for 2010
90.1 Progress Indicator
1,632 runs = 16 buildings x 17 climatezones x three 90.1 standards x two 62.1standards
90.1-2010 Savings over 90.1-2004
25% including plug loads
31% excluding plug loads
Which Facility Do You Want to Own?
Check Lists
What if I Want More?
IgCC 2010 (includes 189.1) – More thanenergy
ASHRAE-USGBC-IESNA Standard 189.1
Advanced Energy Design Guide seriesOffice, school, small healthcare, warehouse
50% now for SMO. Large Hospitals.
AEDG
Small HealthcareHospitals
Clinics
Cookbook method toachieve ~40%savings over 90.1-1999
AEDG – Small Healthcare
Up to 90,000 SF
Includes hospitals, ASC, etc.
Not MOB that has no procedures
AEDG – Small Healthcare
Similar savings to ASHRAE 90.1-2010
AEDGs qualify for LEED EnergyPrerequisite without energy modeling
Documentation is still required
Existing AEDGs also qualify for 1 point
AEDG – Large Healthcare
AEDG – Large Healthcare
AEDG Big PictureNO STEAM
“Advanced” VAV
Heat pump and Fan-Coil with DOAS
Lower fan energy
Ceiling height controversy
Unoccupied patient room ventilation
AEDG Big Picture
Many requirements for a simpleprescriptive path – no trusting anenergy model!
Hospitals can use 50% less energy,even with USA codes!
We’ve done +/- 100 KBtu/Sf/Year
Other Healthcare Topic
AEDG Large Healthcare
FGI-2010 Acoustical Requirements
Geothermal Healthcare HVAC
Contact
Want a copy or a presentation?
Questions
Jeff [email protected]
(608) 223-9600
(608) 221-6709 direct
www.KJWW.com