(The Battle of the Books, 1704) iqj r n m j ~ m n 7 e g m Z . 'CQ~~M~J&'J~A -

v- - omma5 m u a m m o m ~ ~ q c a h 8 m h q ~ m c a m b j n r 3 o a r n b b o r a amamam,

'gwaem3 rubdmwn g~g3omi o o r u m ~ u x ~ u ~ e 6 ~ 3 w d ~ ) ~ ~ e ~ 3 d nl)3crujo;

cam20 dhlshamlewd memn~nn3cru~.'~3 n g ) q em~drnd n o d e a d

(English satires).

o r u @ l r u 3 m ~ m ~

mnmkqy3nolml~hqj e & m w b g a 'm-d', 'mcu2&d' 4 m h

a% ~mnidh~?c~u76 , rna~~ a ~ o l ~ l w ~ o u l o m a ~ ~ edma d o m l d r c l n n d m ~

qmZ. dml0rn.j3~ m ~ g ~ m h 8 e;!hLJhp ddslGG ny)m a ~ p m j o m c o , ~ ~

a w j ~ q o m r n a ~ ~ w ? d o u l d f &mm@ dmlnnmlgd. o ~ a l d m a a m 3

N'mjhl 'mlqyol ~ a j n o " ny)m m 3 s & d d aeawlno' a w 3 d ~ l o m a ~ o

o ~ m d m ~ a l o m a j , aqywha o&3mjrum~ dmlnncrul mjmjm", a d d

mQomm mmjm&m~ltmmh3mpm6mmi d o&. 408. mom ~ ~ O ~ ~ I J T Q .

rnem3~3mmlooj w e m j ~ m & d m m ~ m , m l ~ nn~cru~mlm' derme~ma&.

A. o&. 4 0 8 . nn3cruynmlm~rn~d dermamd. q ~ w d & 3 e r w ~ m l o a

'~ lmm,nd ' om35 'mnwl&mca'mh 'ocru~~mlgl &"' w o m w ~ s &m3

nl~ummu3 @ m 3 m 9 3 a q rmn?ca9&mlm~m"nom, .mmlCmqo~&d mom lrld

'Satire is the literary art of diminishing a subject by making it ri-

diculous and evoking toward it attitudes of amusement, contempt,

indignation or scorn,'

Abrams M.H, A Glossary of literary terms, Page 153.

'A poem in which wickedness or folly is censured'

Arthur Pollard, Satire, Page 1 .

"The end of satire is Reformation'

Arthur Pollard, Satire, Page 2.

'Satire as healer and corrective gives way to satire as punishment'

Arthur Pollard, Satire, Page 2.

' .... satire as at best a kind of moral policeman restraining the righ-

teous but helpless against the wicked, assisting 'to preserve well

inclined men in the course of virtue but seldom or never reclaim

(ing) the vicious'

Arthur Pollard, Satire, Page 2.

'Satire is a sort of glass, wherein beholders do generally discover

everybody's face but their own, which is the chief reason for that

kind of reception it meets in the world, and that so very few are

offended with it.'

Arthur Pollard, Satire, Page 2

'The best satire, that which is surest in tone, is that which is surest

in its values.. . . . Satire is always acutely conscious of the difference

between what things are and what they ought to be.'

Arthur Pollard, Satire, Page 3.

'Satire is a mode of writing that exposes the failings of individuals,

institutions or societies to ridicule and scorn'

Chris Baldick, The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Liter-

ary Terms, Page 198.

'Satire is a kind of protest, a sublimation and refinement of anger

and indignation.'

Cuddon J. A. A Dictionary of literary Terms and Liter-

ary theory, Page 828.

10. 'Satire is born of the instinct to protest, it is protest become art.'

Ian Jack, A Dictionary of Literary Terms and Literary Theory (J. A. Cuddon) Page 828.

11. 'Satlre i n its literary aspect, may be defined as the expression in

adequate terms of the sense of amusement or disgust excited by

the ridiculous or unseemly, provided that humour is a distinctly

recognisable element and that the utterance is invested with liter-

ary form. Without humour satire is invective; without literary form

it is mere clownish jeering'

12. 'He professes to awaken and direct your love, your pity, your kind-

ness, your scorn for untruth, pretension, imposture, your tender-

ness for the weak, the poor, the oppressed, the unhappy. To the

best of his means and ability he comments on all the ordinary ac-

tions and passions of life almost'

sl. G W 3 . . swmlyd.)

melmclrcnj@d - m s ~ m ~ ~ ~ c u l m n 9 ~ r n m ~ ('mmnnh &3q,

m~mj@n'mW ~ ~ & & m n 8 sl. anu3., gmrnlgmi.)

,6wcsonguowcsc~lsso~

-raw scsuasw?a pqmw pcw

cwowcsPmP5~uopwo hcwcm

pcnow1vPm pcw cmqU19LapcD uoPm

Lrrs@nu ~Couccu, PwScs1.w

-crusPmltkru~P;~!~6~~0(9~0~w

-cwa pcucuomcsbpmccw

-cw~ruv &mPwmommc\ulru uuo(Bu,

(lquuhw Bwopra~o)

~cw~~cuscmccucw ~arrmsocmwru

mm PwPomCaw~w gQJww

CWDLWQI cw@twaca ~P~UISP

praqxwru pqwruob pwru

CWD~FP" cw~~w6pPmqmPm

ta~wanu cwopwwmo ~Pscwcwcs

cwopmPmcidaa6wpram

lqm3aw cwopma ocwcmpcsusw,

(W~PW ov~mucncx~uolschv - pcmuw)

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Pwwcw PqwPacrucscuup)pa th9racw

~CUVC~D~ ~P~CPO ~RKU~WK~W~U

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-qw ~BacrosPBwcs B~mPruTiaww

Pacwcs~ruuuwcswv oPrrmsqwrrms(9~1~)

pca Eva PUUFq~wlSruo wcscrrmsw

WC~P~~P ~WW'fp(90 P01)~(9 O?Q)TU@ th9s -qw crruol~qs~ru ~wpUcrusrrmsP

PS~wwwcs~ltk~cs Paawcsmcgracrrmsc~,

38. wite13mml am., (mmm3ml&dd ~ n o m l g 5 ) ammo 1~)cm3,

~ r n w l , n l~o , IS.

n i 7 3 m ? \ ~ l O C # nJJ& m1d@3W6m36)2 ~m)3s~~d~?m,ni03sni ad.

nil. &&a;~n13mbd, mmlcmmo, m n ~ d ~ m l m d , 6t,smnmk, dl. m3mw

m d 3 6 ) ~ o ~ & o d m n r n , &em3 m~smbrud.

40 ' Wit was primarily a matter of propriety.' 'Power of giving sudden

~ntellcctual pleasure by unexpected combining or contrasting of pre-

vlously unconnected ~deas or expressions.'

Cuddon J. A., A Dictionary of Literary Terms and Liter-

ary Theory. Page 1045.

4 1 . 'A lii~ld of comedy that inspires hilarity, mixed with panic and cru-

elty in its audience through an increasingly rapid and improbable

series of indicrous confusions, physical disasters, and sexual innu-

endos among its stock characters.'

Chris Baldick, The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Liter-

ary Terms, Page 82.

' o q , ~ : , I T X - ~ J ~ ~ , ~ ~ a l m ~ . crurm3mgg0

h&p3d WJrn3d?a@ h l s l m d &~sp5m3!33ca

d m 3 o m m m om50 rcn3Gmm~mn~mxml

m a d m b d cruw3crilm0 m v p q m3&m3dhd'

(oh. 4cru'. h ~ w n l l ~ [09u03d] wjos L e m m m d '

c r ~ e m 3 2 k $ 'ng)o$ cnpjm3m' Q$ nlamnul)

5 1. 'Burlesque is a dirisive imitation or exaggerated 'Sending up' of a

literary or musical work, usually stronger and broader in tone and

style than parody'

Cuddon J. A. A Dictionary of Literary Terms and Liter- ary Theory. Page 107.

52. 'lo wm mm3mm0

~JORJ(P )~ m3mr &ah mm3mm0

mmwo warn CU&J~

54. 'Short poem ending in witty turn of thought, 'or a wittily condensed expression in prose.'

Chris Baldick, The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Liter-

ary Terms, Page 71.

5 5 . 'aldm, m~aen. on~mblam &meJ3mcm mld

56. 'An insulting written attack up on a real person, in verse or prose, usually involving caricature and ridicule. Among English writers

who have indulged in this maliciously personal form of satire are

Dryden, Pope and Byron. The laws of libel have restricted its fur-

ther devolopment as a literary fonn.'

Chris Baldick, The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Liter- ary Terms, Page 119.

57. rcacmcm1caddl22 emom3g, no3m$odmrno, 4 0 0 393.

58. 'Expression of one's meaning by language of opposite or different

tendency. esp. simulated adoption of another's point of view for

purpose of ridicule; ill timed or perverse arrival of event or circum-

stances in itself desirable due to the feigned goodwill and actual

malice of (faith, circumstance etc.); use of language that has an

inner meaning for privileged audience and an outer meaning, for

the person addressed or concerned.'

Fowler H. W. and F. G. Fowler, The Concise oxford Dic- tionary of current English, Page 643.

59. 'mlom~3endd36)~ & p o d -

elm1 d o a d mImlma3uii

o d m ~ qml odao~cmmkgj

m d l3mm6lId3mmo?~

'&I~?EIGQCJ f 3 ~ 1 6 m OW6n;:JCN32o

d d q m 3 0 dm~mlm8 mlml~3m9~

RIN~~JU)~ rugm~rnJmj 6~~3-1-

oamerm~, m d ~ b m ~ ~ c ~ n n l m 3 0 1

(uol-m~. m h q . - m ~ o m 3 u 3 )

'&3! ~m~cr~9rn'ml df=?JCW3WUlSmOm6)W38-

d~&3GX&JJ0&36n;:J NbI614 m)dCU3q m)6)W

N J ~ R ~ X J W ~ ~ ~ N ~ ' Z ~ W I ~ ~ ! ~ ~ J O T ~ OOf3mJ-

m 3 e r 2 0 . m ~ ~ ~ crvlnru r ~ ~ c n w m0cn20 om!'

(mmucnrmom~m mrnlm~noa3 - wmemcr3)

'm9 ~wl~3eqorn f l ~.aa2emnlml,

s?. a. m~a n ~ w d cn1~aou311 ( m m - olimmo d e m 3 )