CAMBODIA

Kristen Figueroa, Nineveh Michel, Kevin Trieu, Sheridan Taormina

Location

Capital: Phnom Penh

Demographics Population: 14,952,665 Ethnic Groups:

Khmer 90% Vietnamese 5% Chinese 1% Other 4%

Religious Groups: Buddhist 96.4% (Official) Muslim 2.1% Other 1.3%

(World Fact Book, 2012)

History 1887 – Cambodia becomes part of French Indochina 1953 – Cambodia gains full independence from France 1975 – Communist Khmer Rouge forces capture Cambodian

capital Phnom Penh and evacuate all cities and towns Pol Pot – Cambodian Communist Revolutionary, led Khmer Rouge

forces At least 1.5 million die from execution, forced hardships, and

starvation Killing fields – estimate 1,386,734 victims

History 1978 – Vietnamese invasion drives out Khmer

Rouge regimes 10 years of Vietnamese occupation 13 years of Civil War

1991 – Peace Accords mandate democratic elections and ceasefire on 13 years of civil unrest

1993 – UN-sponsored elections form a coalition government

1997 – Fractional fighting ends 1st coalition government 1998 – Round two of elections, 2nd coalition government

implemented 1999 – Remaining elements of Khmer Rouge

surrendered 2004 - King Norodom Sihanouk abdicated the throne to

his son, Prince Norodom Sihamoni

Economy Currency: Riel Remains one of the poorest countries in Asia

Approximately 4 million people live on less than $1.25 per day 37% of children under 5 suffer from chronic malnutrition 31% below poverty line

More than 50% of the government budget comes from donor assistance (World Bank, IMF)

Main Industries: Agriculture

Employs 57.6% of population Tourism Garments

Accounts for more than 75% of Cambodia’s total exports(World Fact Book, 2012)

Agriculture

Food

Education Result of Khmer Rouge

(1975-1979)

Post-Vietnam occupation

Problems and challenges

Illiteracy

Health Related Statistics Birth Rate: 25.17 births/1,000 population Death Rate: 7.97 deaths/1,000 population Life Expectancy at Birth: 63.04 years

(World Fact Book, 2012)

Health Challenges Maternal & Child Healthcare

Infant Mortality Rate: 120 deaths/1,000 live births Maternal Mortality Rate: 250 deaths/100,000 live

births Mortality Rate for Children 1-5: 200 deaths/1,000

births

Most important health problems: malaria, tuberculosis, diarrheal diseases, HIV/AIDS

Mainly curative medicine Sanitation Issues Lack of funding

Health Expenditures: 5.8% of GDP

Availability of Resources Limited

Hospitals (9 in total, all located close to the capital)

Physician Density: 0.227 physicians/1,000 population

Hospital Bed Density: 0.1 beds/1,000 population

Lack of medical supplies & equipment

Water supply

Health Care Delivery System Private Sector

Public-Private Doctors Pharmacists and Drug

Sellers 70% of people seek it in

the first instance

Public Sector Health Centers: 18.5% in

rural areas Referral Hospitals: 12% in

urban areas Oriented towards treating

acute illness and disease

Referrals and linkages through the provider network First point of entry into the

health system is the health center

Refers to district hospitals and then provincial hospitals as needed

Ministry of Health (MOH) Improve and extend primary

health services through operational districts system

Allocate financial and human resources

Health Sector Strategic Plan

Resources Health Care Delivery Profile, Cambodia, 2012

http://www.wpro.who.int/health_services/service_delivery_profile_cambodia.pdf

Oxford Jounals, Health Policy and Planning, Cambodia http://heapol.oxfordjournals.org/content/26/suppl_1/i30.full

Ministry of Health, Cambodia Health Information System Analysis http://www.moh.gov.kh/files/dphi/chisra.pdf

Cultural Survival, Health Care in Cambodia http://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/cambodia

/health-care-cambodia

NGO Education Profile, Cambodia http://nepcambodia.org/index.php/en/footereducation

CIA, World Fact Book Cambodia, 2012 https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cb.html

Education Facts and Figures, Cambodia http

://www.savong.com/SAVONGSCHOOL/EducationFactsandFiguresCambodia/tabid/114/Default.aspx