CAMBODIA
Kristen Figueroa, Nineveh Michel, Kevin Trieu, Sheridan Taormina
Location
Capital: Phnom Penh
Demographics Population: 14,952,665 Ethnic Groups:
Khmer 90% Vietnamese 5% Chinese 1% Other 4%
Religious Groups: Buddhist 96.4% (Official) Muslim 2.1% Other 1.3%
(World Fact Book, 2012)
History 1887 – Cambodia becomes part of French Indochina 1953 – Cambodia gains full independence from France 1975 – Communist Khmer Rouge forces capture Cambodian
capital Phnom Penh and evacuate all cities and towns Pol Pot – Cambodian Communist Revolutionary, led Khmer Rouge
forces At least 1.5 million die from execution, forced hardships, and
starvation Killing fields – estimate 1,386,734 victims
History 1978 – Vietnamese invasion drives out Khmer
Rouge regimes 10 years of Vietnamese occupation 13 years of Civil War
1991 – Peace Accords mandate democratic elections and ceasefire on 13 years of civil unrest
1993 – UN-sponsored elections form a coalition government
1997 – Fractional fighting ends 1st coalition government 1998 – Round two of elections, 2nd coalition government
implemented 1999 – Remaining elements of Khmer Rouge
surrendered 2004 - King Norodom Sihanouk abdicated the throne to
his son, Prince Norodom Sihamoni
Economy Currency: Riel Remains one of the poorest countries in Asia
Approximately 4 million people live on less than $1.25 per day 37% of children under 5 suffer from chronic malnutrition 31% below poverty line
More than 50% of the government budget comes from donor assistance (World Bank, IMF)
Main Industries: Agriculture
Employs 57.6% of population Tourism Garments
Accounts for more than 75% of Cambodia’s total exports(World Fact Book, 2012)
Agriculture
Food
Education Result of Khmer Rouge
(1975-1979)
Post-Vietnam occupation
Problems and challenges
Illiteracy
Health Related Statistics Birth Rate: 25.17 births/1,000 population Death Rate: 7.97 deaths/1,000 population Life Expectancy at Birth: 63.04 years
(World Fact Book, 2012)
Health Challenges Maternal & Child Healthcare
Infant Mortality Rate: 120 deaths/1,000 live births Maternal Mortality Rate: 250 deaths/100,000 live
births Mortality Rate for Children 1-5: 200 deaths/1,000
births
Most important health problems: malaria, tuberculosis, diarrheal diseases, HIV/AIDS
Mainly curative medicine Sanitation Issues Lack of funding
Health Expenditures: 5.8% of GDP
Availability of Resources Limited
Hospitals (9 in total, all located close to the capital)
Physician Density: 0.227 physicians/1,000 population
Hospital Bed Density: 0.1 beds/1,000 population
Lack of medical supplies & equipment
Water supply
Health Care Delivery System Private Sector
Public-Private Doctors Pharmacists and Drug
Sellers 70% of people seek it in
the first instance
Public Sector Health Centers: 18.5% in
rural areas Referral Hospitals: 12% in
urban areas Oriented towards treating
acute illness and disease
Referrals and linkages through the provider network First point of entry into the
health system is the health center
Refers to district hospitals and then provincial hospitals as needed
Ministry of Health (MOH) Improve and extend primary
health services through operational districts system
Allocate financial and human resources
Health Sector Strategic Plan
Resources Health Care Delivery Profile, Cambodia, 2012
http://www.wpro.who.int/health_services/service_delivery_profile_cambodia.pdf
Oxford Jounals, Health Policy and Planning, Cambodia http://heapol.oxfordjournals.org/content/26/suppl_1/i30.full
Ministry of Health, Cambodia Health Information System Analysis http://www.moh.gov.kh/files/dphi/chisra.pdf
Cultural Survival, Health Care in Cambodia http://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/cambodia
/health-care-cambodia
NGO Education Profile, Cambodia http://nepcambodia.org/index.php/en/footereducation
CIA, World Fact Book Cambodia, 2012 https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cb.html
Education Facts and Figures, Cambodia http
://www.savong.com/SAVONGSCHOOL/EducationFactsandFiguresCambodia/tabid/114/Default.aspx