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THE CELL AND ITS EVOLUTION
Camila Duncan M
Medicine Student
Third Semester
INTRODUCTION Cells from cow knee jointsused to grow knew cartilagetissue in laboratory.
Role model stem cells: How immune cells can self-renew
When the cell was formed, many years ago,
It started like a simple organism, named
Prokaryote, while the time was passing the cell
evolutionated into a more complex cell named
Eucaytes.
There are notoroiues differences
between them, the Prokaryotes have free
DNA in the citoplasm kept in one
circular chain, and the Eucaryotes have
the DNA kept in the nucleus and
organized in chromosomes with linear
DNA.
Actually, the human being has more than
200 kind of cells, all of them Eukaryotes,
but specialized in different functions in
the organism.
However, both cells
remained, and started
developing as two
different cells.
The animal cells grew
succesfully in the
laboratory, and the next
step is to aply it for
tissue regeneration,
specially in the
Osteoarthritis, because
there is not any current
treatment for this
illness
In an effort to develop a
method for cartilage tissue
engineering, researchers at
Umea University in Sweden
successfully used cartilage
cells from cow knee joints.
Since the human cartilage is
hardly replaced by itself
beacuse it is not suplied
with any blood vessels, the
study looked for the
creation of neotissues
based of animal cells.
STUDENTS OBSERVATION:
This study is important for medicine, because of
the different illness asociated with cartilage
degeneration that could find a better treatment or
cure, in the near future.
When our organs age, their
renewal usually depends on a
few stem cells in the tissue,
because the vast majority of
differentiated cells have lost
their ability to divide and
generate new cells.
A study made by the Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-
Luminy in Marseilleand Max Delbrück Center for Molecular
Medicine (MDC) in Berlin has shown that the Macrophages, a
very important immune cells, have the ability of control
renewal. This cause by the turn off of two genes named: Maf-
B and c-Maf, which are probably turn on in the majority of
cells. Also the transplantation studies they have made with
macrophages might be useful in the near future, for
regeneration.
STUDENTS OBSERVATION:
This study about the macrophages, play and important
role for tissue regeneration and cell renewal. Because
of the knowing of the turned off genes, other cells
could become potencial renewal cells and might be
used for different and innovative treatments in
medicine
MEDICAL UTILITY BIBLIOGRAPHY THE CELL AND ITS EVOLUTION
Umea university of Sweeden(2016
January 21) Cells from cow knee joints
used to grow knew cartilage tissue in
laboratory. EurekAlert!. (Taken from
http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/
2016-01/uu-cfc011816.php in January 22,
2016)
Max Delbrück Center for Molecular
Medicine (MDC) in Berlin, The Centre
d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy
(CIML) in Marseille (January 21,2016)
Role model stem cells: How immune cells
can self-renew. Phys-Org (Taken from
http://phys.org/news/2016-01-role-
stem-cells-immune-self-renew.html in
January 22, 2016)
MartinezSanchez, Lina Maria.
Biologiamolecular.8.ed.Medellin: UPB.
Fac.Medicina.
By Camila Duncan Murillo
Teacher Lina Martínez
Molecular Biology
Both researches, independient of their
principal subject, talk about cellregeneration and about future advances inmedicine treatments. These kind ofstudies are helpful for the development ofthe science, biology and medicine, that allthe time are working togueter for theimprovement of the world and humanbeing life. Medicine of regeneration is anstep forward.
Introduction
The cell evolutioned through the
years in two types of cells:
PROKARYOTES
EUKARYOTES
They have free DNA in the
citoplasm kept in one circular
chain
The DNA is kept in
the nucleus and
organized in
chromosomes with
linear DNA
The human being has
more tan 200 kind of cell,
all of them Eukaryotes,
but specialized in different
functions in the organism
The cell is the
functional and
structural unit of
every living
organism.
Introduction
Cells from cow knee joints used to grow knewcartilage tissue in laboratory.
The human cartilage is hardly
replaced by itself because it is
none suply with any blood
vessels.
Neotissues made from chondrocytes
from cow knee joints might be
helpful because…
A study that was made in the Umea
University has successfully shown how
from:
Cow knee joints, can grow
neotissues in the laboratory.
Cells from cow knee joints used to growknew cartilage tissue in laboratory.
There is not any
current treatment
for this illness
Aply it for tissue
regeneration, specially
in…
The animal cells grew
succesfully in the laboratory,
and after the growing of
chondrocytes the next step is
to:
The Osteoarthritis
Cells from cow knee joints used to growknew cartilage tissue in laboratory.
STUDENTS OBSERVATION:
This study is important for medicine because it could be a tool for the treatment
or cure of the different illnesses asociated with cartilage degeneration.
This discovery could be an step for the future reparation of cartilage,
specialy for osteoarthrtis. It also gives the possibility for the new
developement of differents tissues in medicine.
Our body is constantly changing:
new cells continually replace specialized cells to
maintain the organism in optimal conditions.
“Recently researchers have discovered some
exceptions:
Role model stem cells: How immune cells can self-renew
Some types of immune cells
which have already differentiated
possess a capacity for self-
renewal”.
Role model stem cells: How immune cells can self-renew
When our organs age the
renewal usually depends on a few
stem cells in the tissue.
The vast majority of
differentiated cells have
lost their ability to divide
and generate new cells.
Role model stem cells: How immune cells can self-renew
MACROPHAGES“A team led by German
immunologist and stem cell
researcher Michael Sieweke at the
French CIML showed that under
certain conditions they can divide
without losing features they have
acquired while specializing
into immune cells”They can also control
renew and tissue
regeneration
They play an
important role in
immune defenses.
In their genoma, they have turned off
some genes:
Maf-B and c-Maf
Role model stem cells: How immune cells can
self-renew
Something that is similar in the stem cells.
These genes are probably turned on in the
majority of differentiated cells.
Role model stem cells: How immune cells can
self-renew
Genetic manipulations turned
off two transcription factors
in the macrophages
Maf- B
c-Maf
This caused what
appeared to be a self-
renewal program in
the cells.
STUDENTS OBSERVATION:
This study about the macrophages, play and important role for tissue
regeneration and cell renewal, because of the knowing of the turned off genes,
other cells could become potencial renewal cells and might be used for different
and innovative treatments.
Role model stem cells: How immune cells can self-renew
Also, the trasplantation of theses potencial cells, could be a
possibilty of treatment for other illnesses.
Medical Utility
The first study open the eyes to the
possibility of human tissues reparation
based of the growing of animal cells of
a determined tissue, in this case, the
cartilage, which is necessary for the
treatment of osteoarthritis
Medical Utility
The researches of both news are
important to improve the life of human
beings, because they are focus on
medicine regeneration.
Medical Utility
In both studies is mentioned the fact thatwith each research, the medicine of
regeneration is advancing in a good way. In the near future, these discoveriesmight be used and applied in human
medicine.
Medical Utility
The aplication of these new methods could help
a lot of people that have illnesses asociated with
tissue degeneration.
The studies give the possibility to transplant cells that
have the potencial to divide after maturation, and to
create neotissues in laboratory.
Bibliography
• Umea university of Sweeden(2016 January 21) Cells from cow knee joints used to grow knewcartilage tissue in laboratory. EurekAlert!. (Taken fromhttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2016-01/uu-cfc011816.php in January 22, 2016)
• MartinezSanchez, Lina Maria. Biologiamolecular.8.ed.Medellin: UPB. Fac.Medicina.
• Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in Berlin, The Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML) in Marseille (January 21,2016) Role model stem cells: How immune cells can self-renew. Phys-Org (Taken from http://phys.org/news/2016-01-role-stem-cells-immune-self-renew.html in January 22, 2016)
I hope life never get rid of
dreams and love, friends and
family.
Live to feel intensely.
Never stop sorprising of the
stories that are written in a
good book.
That the grace of books
always is with me.