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THE CELLOrganelle Functions
Cell Membrane
Controls the movement of material in and out of the cell.
Nucleus
Controls the actions of the cell.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Connects the parts of the cell. Allows for transportation of material around the cell.
Lysosomes
Cleans the cell of waste.
Golgi Apparatus
Packages nutrients for delivery throughout the cell.
Mitochondria
Produces energy from eaten food.
Cytoplasm
Jelly-like substance in the cell
Ribosomes
Makes proteins for the cell
Vacuole
Contains water and dissolved materials
Cell Wall (Plants Only)
Shapes and supports the cell
Chloroplasts (plants only)
Food for the plant is made here (photosynthesis)
Chlorophyll(plants only)
Traps sun light for photosynthesis
Do Now
What is a theory?
A Theory
Widely accepted
Supported by experimental evidence and observations
Cell Theory
Every living thing is made of one or more cells
Cells carry out the functions needed to support life
Cells come only from other living cells
Pasteur Experiment
Confirmed the cell theory
Did not support spontaneous generation-the idea that living things formed from non-living things
Classification of Cells
Archaea- “ancient” usually found in extreme environments. Prokaryotic cells
Bacteria-prokaryotic cells
Eukarya- are eukaryotic cells, more complex, includes all multicellular organisms and some unicellular organisms (protists and paramecium)
Multicellular
OrganismCells Tissues Organs Organ systems
Carbohydrates
Provides the cell with energy by breaking down sugar
Lipids
Are fats and oils that are used for energy and for making organelles in the cell
Lipids can’t mix with water important for the cell
Proteins
Made up of amino acids and are used by the cell for proper cell functioning
proteins help the cell transport materials in and out of the cell
Nucleic Acids
Provide the cell with the instructions for the maintenance, growth, and reproduction of the cell.
Cell Membrane
Made up of fats, provides a barrier between materials inside the cell and outside the cell.
Selectively permeable (semi-permeable)-only some things are allowed in/out of the cell.
Importance of Cell Membrane
Allow needed materials into the cell
Prevents unwanted materials from getting into the cell
Lets unneeded materials out of the cell
Cell Membrance animation
Cell Membrane
Passive Transport
When molecules move freely across the cell membrane. No energy is required from the cell.
Diffusion
Movement of material from an area of high concentration (crowded) to an area of low concentration (uncrowded).
Osmosis
Diffusion of water across a membrane
Diffusion Osmosis
Active Transport
When the cell uses energy to move material across the cell’s membrane.
Endocytosis
When the cell uses energy to move large molecules into the cell.
Exocytosis
When the cell uses energy to move large molecules out of the cell.
How does this picture represent Active
Transport?
PhotosynthesisPlants use energy from the sun to make food
Takes place in the chloroplasts by the chlorophyll
Materials needed: 1. Water (H2O)
2. Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Materials produced: 1. Glucose-sugar (C6H12O6)
2. Oxygen (O2 )
Photosynthesis
H2O + CO2 C6H12O6 + O2
RespirationProcess where a plant uses the sugar made during photosynthesis.
The use of sugar release energy
Takes place in the mitochondria
Produces waste: 1. Carbon dioxide
2. Water
Respiration
C6H12O6 + O2
H2O + CO2