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The Cold War: Spheres of influence
Economic spheres of influence
USA: Containment
• Policy adopted by USA
• To protect western Europe from communist threat
• Policy of containment: to “contain” the spread of communism
USA’s containment
POLICY OF CONTAINMENT
Truman Doctrine
Marshall Plan
Truman Doctrine
• Announced in 1947 by president Truman
• Reaction to events in Greece and Turkey
• USA would send money, military equipment and advice to any country threatened by communist takeover
• the basis of American foreign policy aimed at stopping the spread of communism
Marshall Plan• American economic aid to
Europe to rebuild war-damaged economies
• To destroy conditions under which the appeal of communism would spread
• 1948-1952: $17 billion in Marshall aid
• Recipients: France, Germany, Britain, etc.
Dollar Diplomacy• Conditions to Marshall aid:
only countries with capitalist economies were eligible and they had to be willing to import American goods
• Viewed by Stalin with suspicion – did not allow satellites to accept it
• USSR saw it as dollar diplomacy
• Increased divisions between east and west and tensions between superpowers
USSR: control
• Stalin did not allow satellites to accept Marshall aid
• Set up his own post-war systems and organisations
Cominform• Communist Information
Bureau • Introduced in 1947 in
reaction to Truman Doctrine• to co-ordinate communist
parties in Eastern Europe (control over satellites)
• Independent-minded leaders replaced by those loyal to Stalin
• Communist parties in France and Italy also members
Comecon• Council for Mutual
Economic Aid• Formed in 1949• USSR dominated• Communist
countries outside Europe also included (Cuba, Vietnam)