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Two NationsTwo Nations• North believed slavery was
wrong based on religion• South attacked uncaring
northern industrialists who took no personal responsibility for workers
Harriet Beecher StoweHarriet Beecher Stowe
• Uncle Tom’s CabinUncle Tom’s Cabin: Eliza Harris, a slave, escapes when her child is to be sold• Uncle Tom is sold and is killed by
his brutal master, Simon Legree
DifferencesDifferences• North had urban, large
population; new technology; more railroads; telegraph; factories• South had more slaves and
cotton
Election of 1848Election of 1848• Democrats: Lewis Cass • Whigs: Zachary Taylor• Free Soil Party took votes away
from Cass to give Taylor the victory• Taylor dies in 1850; Millard Fillmore
takes office
Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850• Henry Clay of Kentucky proposes
a compromise to admit California as a free state• John Calhoun of SC against• Daniel Webster for
ProvisionsProvisions• 1. Admit CA as free state• 2. Territories of New Mexico and Utah decide for
themselves• 3. Abolish sale of slaves in Washington, D.C.• 4. Slavery remained legal in Washington, D.C.• 5. Fugitive Slave Act: all citizens must assist in the
return of runaway slaves to owners; no jury trial for slaves
Political PartiesPolitical Parties• Decline of the Whig party• Election of 1852: Franklin Pierce,
a Democrat, defeats Winfield Scott, a Whig• Know-Nothing Party: against
immigrants
Kansas-Nebraska ActKansas-Nebraska Act• Stephen Douglas of Illinois
wanted to run for President• Act supported popular
sovereignty for area• Passed but made North angry
Two New PartiesTwo New Parties• Republicans • Know-Nothings (against
immigrants, Irish Catholics) wanted native Americans to have best treatment
Republican PartyRepublican Party• Dedicated to stopping “Slave
Power”• Demanded repeal of the Kansas-
Nebraska Act and Fugitive Slave Act
RepublicansRepublicans• Comprised of antislavery
Democrats, Whigs, and Free Soilers from North• Small business owners,
craftworkers, farmers, professionals
Violence BeginsViolence Begins• Free soilers: 1,200 New
Englanders sent to Kansas to fight against slavery• Proslavery settlers opposed
them• 1856, open violence
Two CapitalsTwo Capitals• Free soilers capital was in
Topeka, Kansas; against slavery• Proslavery capital was in
Lecompton, Kansas
““Bleeding Kansas”Bleeding Kansas”• John Brown: Following a raid in
Lawrence by a proslavery group, he and his followers killed five proslavery men• Summer of murder and raids
John Brown’s RaidJohn Brown’s Raid• 1859, Brown and his men
attacked the federal arsenal at Harper’s Ferry, Virginia• Wanted a slave uprising• Colonel Robert E. Lee leads
troops; Brown is executed.
Senate ViolenceSenate Violence• Senator Charles Sumner, a
Republican, attacked Southerners for slavery • Preston Brooks beat him with his
cane• Sumner lived but never recovered;
added to hatred
Election of 1856Election of 1856• Democrats nominated James
Buchanan• Republicans nominated John C.
Fremont• Know-Nothings chose Millard
Fillmore
BuchananBuchanan• Buchanan wins the election• He hoped that the Supreme
Court would use its power to resolve the slavery issue.• Next decision angers the North
even more
Scott v. SandfordScott v. Sandford• The Dred Scott Decision 1857;
Scott sued his owner• Said that he and his wife were
taken to states and territories where slavery was illegal and should be free
RulingRuling• 7 to 2 against Scott• Slaves are not citizens and cannot
sue in court• Scott not free due to being in free
area• Missouri Compromise declared
unconstitutional
Lecompton ConstitutionLecompton Constitution
• Proslavery group wrote a proslavery constitution for Kansas• Buchanan accepted it, but
Congress returned it.• Defeated by Kansas people
Lincoln-Douglas DebatesLincoln-Douglas Debates
• Campaigning for Senate• Series of seven debates on the
issue of slavery in the territories.• Physical contrast in the men• Douglas wins election
Abraham LincolnAbraham Lincoln• Studied law and worked at various
jobs• Served in the Congress in the 1840s• Believed that the majority could not
deny the minority their rights• Foresaw confrontation
Senator DouglasSenator Douglas• Short, stout• Believed that the majority of people
could do anything they wished, even make slavery legal• Lincoln gets national attention
The Election of 1860The Election of 1860In April 1860, Democratic Party split
into North and South factionsIn Border States, the Constitutional
Union party forms from Whigs and American party (Know Nothing)
Candidates in1860 Candidates in1860 • Southern Democrats: John C. Breckinrigde• Northern Democrats: Stephen Douglas,
Illinois• Constitutional Union party: John Bell,
Tennessee• Republican party: Abraham Lincoln, Illinois
And the winner was…• Lincoln wins with 39% of the vote and 180
electoral votes– A sectional victory– Hadn’t even been on southern ballots!!