The 1 th International and The 4 th National Congress on Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture 26 – 27 April 2012 in Isfahan, Iran The determination of nutritive value of fruit and vegetable wastes using of in situ technique M. Hamedi 1 , A. Taghizadeh 2 and Y. Mehmannavaz 1 1-Islamic Azad University, Department of Animal science, Faculty of Agriculture, Maragheh, Iran. 2-Dep. of Animal science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Iran ABSTRACT In order to determine of nutritive value of fruit and vegetable wastes using in situ technique, this study was carried out. In this study two fistulated wetheres (35±1.8 kg) were used in in situ method. The ruminal DM and CP disappearances were measured 0, 4,8,12,16,24,36,48,72 and 96 h. Dry matter and crude protein degradabilities of vegetable wastes and carrot wastes indicated significant differences. The degradability value of vegetable wastes at 96 h was higher than carrot wastes and there were significant differences (P<0.05). The crude protein degradabilities at 96 h did not show significant differences (P>0.05). It was concluded that carrot wastes and vegetable wastes can be used as a ingredient in ruminant diet. INTRODUCTION Developing food industrial factories consequently produced large amount of wastes and by-products. Damping or burning wastes or agro- industrial by-products causes potential air and water pollution problems. High-moisture wastes are also ifficult to burn. Many by-products have a substantial potential value as animal feedstuffs (Aghajanzadeh et al, 2010). Fermentation characteristics of feedstuffs in rumen fluid can be studied using in vivo, in situ and in vitro techniques (Cone et. al 1999). The Dacron polyester or nylon bag technique has been used widely for estimating ruminal nutrient degradation because it is a relatively simple, low – cost method compared with methods in volving intestinally cannulated animal (Marshal et. al 1997). The in situ nylon-bag technique is widely used to characterize the disappearance of feeds from the rumen. Nylon-bag technique provides a useful means to estimate rates of disappearance and potential degradability of feedstuffs and feed constituents (paya et. al 2008).The objective of this study was to determine in situ degradability of fruit and vegetable wastes using nylon bag technique and survey to use this feed as animal feedstuffs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tow fistulated Gizel wetheres (35±1.8 kg) used in a complete randomized design. Feed composation were determine with AOAC (2005) methods. Samples were collected from at least 10 different areas from Tabriz Field Vegetables wastes. All samples were dried in an oven at
Transcript
The 1th
International and The 4th
National Congress on Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture
26 – 27 April 2012 in Isfahan, Iran
The determination of nutritive value of fruit and vegetable wastes using of in situ technique
M. Hamedi1, A. Taghizadeh
2 and Y. Mehmannavaz
1
1-Islamic Azad University, Department of Animal science, Faculty of Agriculture, Maragheh, Iran.
2-Dep. of Animal science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Iran
ABSTRACT
In order to determine of nutritive value of fruit and vegetable wastes using in situ technique, this study was carried out. In this study two
fistulated wetheres (35±1.8 kg) were used in in situ method. The ruminal DM and CP disappearances were measured 0,
4,8,12,16,24,36,48,72 and 96 h. Dry matter and crude protein degradabilities of vegetable wastes and carrot wastes indicated significant
differences. The degradability value of vegetable wastes at 96 h was higher than carrot wastes and there were significant differences
(P<0.05). The crude protein degradabilities at 96 h did not show significant differences (P>0.05). It was concluded that carrot wastes and
vegetable wastes can be used as a ingredient in ruminant diet.
INTRODUCTION
Developing food industrial factories consequently produced large amount of wastes and by-products. Damping or burning wastes or agro-
industrial by-products causes potential air and water pollution problems. High-moisture wastes are also ifficult to burn. Many by-products
have a substantial potential value as animal feedstuffs (Aghajanzadeh et al, 2010). Fermentation characteristics of feedstuffs in rumen fluid
can be studied using in vivo, in situ and in vitro techniques (Cone et. al 1999). The Dacron polyester or nylon bag technique has been used
widely for estimating ruminal nutrient degradation because it is a relatively simple, low – cost method compared with methods in volving
intestinally cannulated animal (Marshal et. al 1997). The in situ nylon-bag technique is widely used to characterize the disappearance of
feeds from the rumen. Nylon-bag technique provides a useful means to estimate rates of disappearance and potential degradability of
feedstuffs and feed constituents (paya et. al 2008).The objective of this study was to determine in situ degradability of fruit and vegetable
wastes using nylon bag technique and survey to use this feed as animal feedstuffs.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Tow fistulated Gizel wetheres (35±1.8 kg) used in a complete randomized design. Feed composation were determine with AOAC (2005)
methods. Samples were collected from at least 10 different areas from Tabriz Field Vegetables wastes. All samples were dried in an oven at
The 1th
International and The 4th
National Congress on Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture
26 – 27 April 2012 in Isfahan, Iran
100°C until a constant weight was achieved. All samples were then ground to pass thought a 2-mm screen. The ground samples (5g) were
placed in Dacron bags (6×12 cm;45-µm pore size) and were closed using glue (Taghizadeh et al, 2005). Each feed sample was incubated in 4
replicates (2 replicates for each whether) in the rumen. The CP and DM degradabilities data was fitted to the exponential equation P=a+b(1-
e-ct
) Orskov and McDonald (1979), where P: is the disappearance of nutrients during time t, a: the soluble nutrients fraction which is rapidly
washed out of the bags and assumed to be completely degradable, b: the proportion of insoluble nutrients which is potentially degradable by
microorganisms, c: is the degradation rate of fraction b per hour and t is time of incubation. Data were analyzed as a completely randomized
design using a general linear model (GLM) procedure of SAS (1999), with Duncan's multiple range test used for the comparison of means.
Feeds were the only sources of variation considered.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Disappearance of carrot and vegetable wastes at the incubation times are given in Tables of 1 and 2. There were differences among levels of
disappearance for DM and CP of wastes at the different incubation times (P<0.05). The disappearance of DM in carrot wastes at 12 h of
incubation was higher the other test feed (P<0.05), but at 16 and 24 h ruminal DM degradation of vegetable wastes was higher that the carrot
wastes (P<0.05). Carrot and vegetable wastes showed high ruminal CP degradability at 96 h (64.56 and 62.31%, respectively), that we can
expected this result regarding to differences in chemical composition resulting variance in disappearances values.
CONCLUSIONS
Regarding to high DM and CP degradabilities values of carrot and vegetable wastes, these wastes can be used in diet formulation of
ruminants.
REFERENCES
1. Aghajanzadeh,A., N. Maheri, A. Mirzai and A. Baradaran. 2010. Comparison of nutritive value of tomato pomace and brewers grain for ruminants using in vitro gas
production technique. A. J. Anim and Vet Advance. 5(1): 43-51.
2. AOAC. 2005. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC international. AOAC international. Maryland, USA.
3. Ørskov, E.R.I. and I.M. Mc Donald, 1979. The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to rate of
passage. J. Agric. Sci., 92: 499-503.
4. SAS, 1999. Version release 8/0. SAS Institute Inc., Cary NC, U.S.A.
The 1th
International and The 4th
National Congress on Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture
26 – 27 April 2012 in Isfahan, Iran
5. Cone, J.W., A.H. Van Gelder, I.A. Soliman, H. DE Visser, and A.M. Van Vuuren. 1999. Different techniques to study rumen fermentation characteristics of
maturing grass and grass silage. J. Dairy Sci. 82: 957-966.
6. Marshall, D. S., A. Bach., and S. Calsamiglia. 1997. Alternative techniques for measuring nutrient digestion in ruminants. J. Anim. Sci 75:2256-2276.
7. Paya, H., A. Taghizadeh, H. Janamohamadi and G. A. Moghadam. 2008. Ruminal Dry Matter and Crude Protein Degradability of some tropical (Iranian) feeds used
in ruminant diets estimated using the in situ and in vitro techniques. Journal of biological sciences 3 (7): 720-725.
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