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The Discovery of Dark Energy
Gerson GoldhaberPhysics Department
University of California at Berkeley
and LBNL
Nov. 21, 2005 Gerson Goldhaber, SFSU Colloquium
Calibrated Standard Candles
Nov. 21, 2005 Gerson Goldhaber, SFSU Colloquium
Why are all the Type Ia SNe of nearly the same brightness?
• When a star of near Solar Mass uses up all of its Hydrogen and Helium it collapses to a White Dwarf. (W.D.)
• If the White Dwarf has a companion star then, for the right conditions, Mass can be Transferred to the W.D.
• Type Ia SNe are due to the explosion of a W.D. This occurs when it reaches a mass of 1.4 M0 (the Chandrasekhar limit) from Mass Transfer
Nov. 21, 2005 Gerson Goldhaber, SFSU Colloquium
Positive Image Dec 28, 1989
Nov. 21, 2005 Gerson Goldhaber, SFSU Colloquium
Negative Image Jan 23 1990
Nov. 21, 2005 Gerson Goldhaber, SFSU Colloquium
Superimposed images
Nov. 21, 2005 Gerson Goldhaber, SFSU Colloquium
Supernova Discovery and Measurement Sequence.
Nov. 21, 2005 Gerson Goldhaber, SFSU Colloquium
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Nov. 21, 2005 Gerson Goldhaber, SFSU Colloquium
The Sky in Chile
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By Chris Smith at Cerro Tololo
Nov. 21, 2005 Gerson Goldhaber, SFSU Colloquium
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The Hubble SpaceTelescope
Nov. 21, 2005 Gerson Goldhaber, SFSU Colloquium
Expansion History of the Universe
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Nov. 21, 2005 Gerson Goldhaber, SFSU Colloquium
Discovery of Dark Energy
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A Supernova explodes and the light reaches us some 9 billion years later. The light started out about 4.5 billion years before our solar system was formed.
Nov. 21, 2005 Gerson Goldhaber, SFSU Colloquium
Supernova Light Curve and Spectrum
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Nov. 21, 2005 Gerson Goldhaber, SFSU Colloquium
SNe Light Curves from the HST and Images
Nov. 21, 2005 Gerson Goldhaber, SFSU Colloquium
Type Ia SNe and the Expansion of the UniverseObservation of Time Dilation negates “Tired Light”
1/(1+z)
1/(1+z)s
Nov. 21, 2005 Gerson Goldhaber, SFSU Colloquium
Adjusting for Stretch
Nov. 21, 2005 Gerson Goldhaber, SFSU Colloquium
Series of Hubble Curves to allow the Measurement of M
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Nov. 21, 2005 Gerson Goldhaber, SFSU Colloquium
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Nov. 21, 2005 Gerson Goldhaber, SFSU Colloquium
Hubble Curves
Sullivan et al. 2003Elliptical Galaxies contain less Dust
Nov. 21, 2005 Gerson Goldhaber, SFSU Colloquium
Concordance between SNe, CMB and Clusters
M
Nov. 21, 2005 Gerson Goldhaber, SFSU Colloquium
w vs. M (w =p/)
Nov. 21, 2005 Gerson Goldhaber, SFSU Colloquium
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Nov. 21, 2005 Gerson Goldhaber, SFSU Colloquium
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Riess et al. 2004 SNe from the HST. Acceleration and earlier Deceleration
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Nov. 21, 2005 Gerson Goldhaber, SFSU Colloquium
Strong Gravitational Lensing
Nov. 21, 2005 Gerson Goldhaber, SFSU Colloquium
NASA/WMAP Science Team
Precision measurements show Temperature fluctuations
Temperature Map
Nov. 21, 2005
First SN discovered in a cluster in this search
Cluster RCS0221-03
at z = 1.02
preliminary
Nov. 21, 2005 Gerson Goldhaber, SFSU Colloquium
SNe discovered in ongoing search
z=0.926
z=1.316
preliminary
preliminary
Nov. 21, 2005 Gerson Goldhaber, SFSU Colloquium
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