The Early The Early SociologistsSociologists

Review Quiz!!Review Quiz!!

Q1:Q1:

Described social dynamics as forces for Described social dynamics as forces for change and conflict in societychange and conflict in society

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Auguste ComteAuguste Comte

Q2:Q2:

Who argued that sociology should be a Who argued that sociology should be a value-free discipline?value-free discipline?

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Max WeberMax Weber

Q3:Q3:

Who strongly advocated racial and Who strongly advocated racial and gender equality and cooperation among gender equality and cooperation among the classes?the classes?

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Harriet MartineauHarriet Martineau

Q4:Q4:

Which functionalist argued that people Which functionalist argued that people are a product of their social environment are a product of their social environment not just biology?not just biology?

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Emile DurkheimEmile Durkheim

Q5:Q5:

Based his theory on economic principlesBased his theory on economic principles

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Karl MarxKarl Marx

Q6:Q6:

Studied those referred to as “sufferers” Studied those referred to as “sufferers” including the poor, disabled, criminals including the poor, disabled, criminals and alcoholics.and alcoholics.

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Harriet MartineauHarriet Martineau

Q7:Q7:

He contributed the idea that Verstehen He contributed the idea that Verstehen (seeing the world as others do) was (seeing the world as others do) was important in sociology.important in sociology.

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Max WeberMax Weber

Q8:Q8:

Felt that people had membership in Felt that people had membership in multiple groups or “social spheres”.multiple groups or “social spheres”.

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Georg SimmelGeorg Simmel

Q9:Q9:

He was a contemporary of Charles He was a contemporary of Charles Darwin and applied evolutionary theory to Darwin and applied evolutionary theory to the study of society.the study of society.

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Herbert SpencerHerbert Spencer

Q10:Q10:

This theorist believed a better society This theorist believed a better society would emerge if there was cooperation would emerge if there was cooperation amongst all classesamongst all classes

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Harriet MartineauHarriet Martineau

Q11:Q11:

Felt revolution brought positive change to Felt revolution brought positive change to societiessocieties

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Karl MarxKarl Marx

Q12:Q12:

Proposed the idea of Positivism- that Proposed the idea of Positivism- that society could be best understood through society could be best understood through scientific inquiryscientific inquiry

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Auguste ComteAuguste Comte

Q13:Q13:

Use the terms dyad and triad to Use the terms dyad and triad to distinguish between social groups made distinguish between social groups made up of two or three members.up of two or three members.

Georg SimmelGeorg Simmel

Q14:Q14:

Which sociologist believed clashes Which sociologist believed clashes between the bourgeoisie and proletariat between the bourgeoisie and proletariat resulted in social changeresulted in social change

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Karl MarxKarl Marx

Q15:Q15:

His theories discuss a way of looking at His theories discuss a way of looking at society by linking personal troubles with society by linking personal troubles with public issues to gain insight and public issues to gain insight and understanding of social behaviour and understanding of social behaviour and interaction.interaction.

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C. Wright MillsC. Wright Mills

Q16:Q16:

Who believed in a theory now called Who believed in a theory now called “Social Darwinism”?“Social Darwinism”?

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Herbert SpencerHerbert Spencer

Q17:Q17:

This sociologist focused on suicide as a This sociologist focused on suicide as a social issue.social issue.

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Emile DurkheimEmile Durkheim

Q18:Q18:

The man who created the term The man who created the term “sociology”.“sociology”.

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Auguste ComteAuguste Comte

Q19:Q19:

Described the breakdown of society as Described the breakdown of society as “anomie”.“anomie”.

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Emile DurkheimEmile Durkheim

Q20:Q20:

Translated Comte’s work but unlike him Translated Comte’s work but unlike him actually conducted sociological researchactually conducted sociological research

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Harriet MartineauHarriet Martineau

Q21:Q21:

Believed that only the “fittest" societies Believed that only the “fittest" societies would survivewould survive

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Herbert SpencerHerbert Spencer

Q22:Q22:

Noted that social interaction differs based Noted that social interaction differs based on the size of the social groupon the size of the social group

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Georg SimmelGeorg Simmel

Q23:Q23:

Felt that feelings of powerlessness and Felt that feelings of powerlessness and alienation would lead people to unite and alienation would lead people to unite and seek radical change in their societiesseek radical change in their societies

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Karl MarxKarl Marx

Q24:Q24:

Many critics argued that his theory did Many critics argued that his theory did not account for the fact that people can not account for the fact that people can alter their environments and that the alter their environments and that the theory justified concepts such as class theory justified concepts such as class and racial and ethnic and gender and racial and ethnic and gender inequalityinequality

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Herbert SpencerHerbert Spencer

Q25:Q25:

Stated that the limits of human Stated that the limits of human behaviour/potential are socially, not behaviour/potential are socially, not biologically basedbiologically based

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Emile DurkheimEmile Durkheim

Q26:Q26:

Described forces for order and stability in Described forces for order and stability in society as social staticssociety as social statics

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Auguste ComteAuguste Comte

Q27:Q27:

Believed that some personal difficulties in Believed that some personal difficulties in an individual’s life were the product of an individual’s life were the product of historical and social forces and were historical and social forces and were therefore beyond the individual’s controltherefore beyond the individual’s control

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C. Wright MillsC. Wright Mills

Q28:Q28:

Many feel she should in fact be Many feel she should in fact be considered a founder in the field of considered a founder in the field of sociology sociology

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Harriet MartineauHarriet Martineau

Q29:Q29:

He strongly opposed any measures that He strongly opposed any measures that would alter natural selection and damage would alter natural selection and damage society by favoring its “weakest/ less society by favoring its “weakest/ less worthy members”.worthy members”.

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Herbert SpencerHerbert Spencer