The Effect of Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback On

8/13/2019 The Effect of Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback On

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Maman Paul

Kanupriya Garg

Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback (2012) 37:131144

Present By : Mr.Araya Thimlamom 56910124

THE EFFECT OF HEART RATEVARIABILITY BIOFEEDBACK ON

PERFORMANCE PSYCHOLOGY

OF BASKETBALL PLAYERS


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INTRODUCTION Heart Rate Variability

Heart rate variability (HRV) refers to the

waveform of beat to beat changes in the durationof RR intervals (RRIs)(Lagos et al. 2008).

HRV analysis represents the most reliable and

quantitative assessment of autonomic nervoussystem functioning(Sutarto et al. 2010).


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INTRODUCTION(CONT.) Techniques for Stress Management

A variety of relaxation techniques exist in the field

of sport psychology for management of stress.

The psychophysiological symptoms of stress

can also be relieved by cognitive training which

includes positive self talk, mental rehearsal,

mental imagery and visuo motor behavior

rehearsal therapy(Lagos et al. 2008).


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OBJECTIVE The current study is an attempt to

further explore the effectiveness of HRV

BFB on performance skills of anxiousbasketball players.


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METHODOLOGY

Participants and Study Design

30 basketball players (Male = 17, Female = 13)

ranging in age from 18-28 years

(21.13 2.82 years)

The participants were randomly assigned into

three equal groups (N = 10)


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METHODOLOGY(CONT.) Experimental Group received Heart rate

variability (HRV) biofeedback training (Male = 8,

Female = 2;Mean Age: 21.1 years)

Placebo Group was shown motivational

basketball visual clips (Male = 2, Female = 8;

Mean Age:20.6)

Control Group (No Treatment) did not

receive any training (Male = 7, Female = 3;

Mean Age:21.7 years).


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METHODOLOGY(CONT.)

Psychological Measures

Anxiety was measured by STAI: It is an

instrument used for identifying anxiety in

adults. This questionnaire consists of two sets

of 20 items each that are answered on a

4-point Likert scale.


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METHODOLOGY(CONT.) Psychological Measures(cont.)

The first subscale measures state anxiety, and

the second measures trait anxiety.

The testretest correlations for A- Trait scale

ranges from 0.73 to 0.86 and 0.16 to 0.54 for A-

State scale. The reliability coefficient for A-trait

ranges from 0.86 to 0.92 and 0.83 to 0.92 for A-

state scale (Spielberger et al. 1970)


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METHODOLOGY(CONT.) Psychological Measures(cont.)

Self-Efficacy was measured by coping self-

efficacy scale (CSES): It is a 26-item measure,

with three higher order dimensions: use

problem-focused coping, stop unpleasant

emotions and thoughts, and get support from

family and friends.


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METHODOLOGY(CONT.) Physiological Measures

Heart rate variability and respiration rate were

measured with the utilization of electrodes and a

respiration strap connected to an encoder.

These measures were recorded into a

computer and analyzed by a specialized BFB

software program (Biograph Procomp Infiniti

5.0 Thought technology Ltd., Canada)


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METHODOLOGY(CONT.) Dribbling Test

The dribbling test was part of the Harrison

Basketball Battery. It involves weaving in and

around cones continuously for 30s while

dribbling the ball. Each cone successfully passed

earned one point. The testretest reliabilitycoefficient of battery is 0.95 (Barrow and

McGee 1979).


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METHODOLOGY(CONT.) Passing Test

The Stubbs Ball Handling Test was utilized. On

a vertical flat wall, three adjacent circles each

one 30 cm in diameter were drawn at a

distance of 160 cm from each other. The first

circle was drawn at 151cm above the floor, thesecond at 121 cm, and the third circle at 136

cm above the floor.


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METHODOLOGY(CONT.) Shooting Test

A 3-min shooting test was used. The

participant was asked to execute as manyshots as possible from any position on a

marked perimeter of 366 cm radius from the

hoop for 90 s. The participant was responsible

for shooting and retrieving the ball himself.


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METHODOLOGY(CONT.) Protocol

Group A: Experimental Group

The subject sat with closed eyes in a chair for 5

min with hands resting on arm rest in a

peaceful room before commencement of HRV

biofeedback training. In the first session, the

subject was asked to breathe at variable

respiratory rates for about 2 min each.


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METHODOLOGY(CONT.) Protocol(cont.)Group B: Placebo Group

Subjects were shown motivational basketball

video clips for 10 min daily for 10 days.

Group C: No Treatment Control Group

This group did not receive any training.


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METHODOLOGY(CONT.) Statistical Analyses

The data was statistically analyzed using the

Statistical Package for Social Sciences(SPSS)/16.0 and 1 month follow-up along with

inter-group comparison Two-way Repeated

Measure ANOVA was used.


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RESULTS

Psychological Measures

Variation in state anxiety measured over time

(i.e. pre, post and follow up) was statistically

significant in each group along with interaction

of group and time (F = 66.503,p


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RESULTS(CONT.) Physiological Measures

Variation in Total HRV measured over time (i.e.

pre, post and follow up) was statistically

significant in each group along with interaction

of group and time (F = 20.850, p


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RESULTS(CONT.)

Sport Performance Measures

Variation in dribbling measured over time (i.e.

pre, post and follow up) was statisticallysignificant in each group along with interaction

of group and time (F = 20.444, p


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DISCUSSION The results of the present study indicate that

the BFB group exhibited considerable

reduction in state and trait anxiety post

training as compared to placebo and no

treatment control groups, this mitigation in

psychological stress effect persisted at

1 month follow up also.


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DISCUSSION(CONT.)

The psychological states and processes can

cause dramatic impact on autonomic control

of the heart. Psychological stressors such as

anxiety are often associated with an increase

in sympathetic cardiac control, decrease in

parasympathetic control, or both.


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DISCUSSION(CONT.) Findings of physiological measures in the

present study fortifies that the cardiovascular

system has the property of resonance at a

frequency near 0.1 Hz (six breaths per minute)

consistent with preliminary studies (Lagos et al.

2008; Lehrer et al.2003, 2006; Hassett et al.

2007).


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CONCLUSION

Continued research is required in the

emerging field of HRV BFB as it may be

incorporated with physical training to become

an integral part of performance and

rehabilitation psychology in contemporarysports medicine.

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The Effect of Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback On

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