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The Effects of The Effects of Antacids on Pepsin Antacids on Pepsin Madeleine FinkenaurMadeleine Finkenaur
The Academy of Notre DameThe Academy of Notre Dame
QuestionQuestion
How much do antacids interfere with the How much do antacids interfere with the stomach’s ability to breakdown food stomach’s ability to breakdown food proteins? proteins?
Background InformationBackground Information
Food proteins are vital to the body and are Food proteins are vital to the body and are broken down in the stomach by pepsinbroken down in the stomach by pepsin
Pepsin, a proteolytic enzyme in the stomach, Pepsin, a proteolytic enzyme in the stomach, requires a pH level of 1-3requires a pH level of 1-3
This acidity is obtained by hydrochloric This acidity is obtained by hydrochloric acid(HCl), which is secreted by the stomachacid(HCl), which is secreted by the stomach
Antacids lower the acidity level of the stomach, Antacids lower the acidity level of the stomach, making it difficult for food protein breakdown to making it difficult for food protein breakdown to occuroccur
HypothesisHypothesis
TThe antacids will slightly hinder the food he antacids will slightly hinder the food protein breakdown process in the protein breakdown process in the stomach.stomach.
MaterialsMaterials
1 ml of Pepsin 1 ml of Pepsin Distilled waterDistilled water Single dose of Pepto-BismolSingle dose of Pepto-Bismol
Single dose of Acid ReducerSingle dose of Acid Reducer 650 mg of NaHCO3 650 mg of NaHCO3 7 150 ml beakers7 150 ml beakers
electronic pH probeelectronic pH probe
stirring battonstirring batton mortar and pestlemortar and pestle
10 ml Graduated cylinder10 ml Graduated cylinder incubator at 37incubator at 37CC
.1 Molar HCl.1 Molar HCl Single dose of Heartburn Single dose of Heartburn
ReliefRelief Single dose of TUMS Single dose of TUMS 27 test tubes and holders27 test tubes and holders 27 small hard-boiled egg 27 small hard-boiled egg
piecespieces pH stripspH strips scalescale pipetspipets chemical spoonchemical spoon 100 ml Graduated cylinder100 ml Graduated cylinder
ProcedureProcedure
Make a 1% pepsin solution with 99mL of distilled Make a 1% pepsin solution with 99mL of distilled water in a 150mL beakerwater in a 150mL beaker
Make a 1% hydrochloric acid solution with 99mL of Make a 1% hydrochloric acid solution with 99mL of distilled water in a 150mL beakerdistilled water in a 150mL beaker
Take four test tubes and add 5mL of the pepsin Take four test tubes and add 5mL of the pepsin solution and 5mL of distilled water in one, 5mL of the solution and 5mL of distilled water in one, 5mL of the hydrochloric acid solution and 5mL of distilled water in hydrochloric acid solution and 5mL of distilled water in another, 5mL of the pepsin solution and 5mL of the another, 5mL of the pepsin solution and 5mL of the hydrochloric acid solution in the third test tube, and hydrochloric acid solution in the third test tube, and 10mL of distilled water in the last one10mL of distilled water in the last one
Crush a single dose of each antacid (TUMS, Pepto-Crush a single dose of each antacid (TUMS, Pepto-Bismol, Acid Reducer, Heartburn Relief, and NaHCO3) Bismol, Acid Reducer, Heartburn Relief, and NaHCO3) separately with a mortar and pestle.separately with a mortar and pestle.
Add each antacid to a 150mL beaker with 100mL of Add each antacid to a 150mL beaker with 100mL of hydrochloric acid hydrochloric acid
ProcedureProcedure
Take five more test tubes and fill each one with 5mL of Take five more test tubes and fill each one with 5mL of the 1% pepsin solution the 1% pepsin solution
Add 5mL of every one of the five antacid solutions to the Add 5mL of every one of the five antacid solutions to the five test tubes with the pepsin solution separatelyfive test tubes with the pepsin solution separately
Record the pH level of every test tube Record the pH level of every test tube Cut a small piece of hard-boiled egg for each test tubes Cut a small piece of hard-boiled egg for each test tubes
and record the mass of each egg pieceand record the mass of each egg piece Add the egg to every test tube and cover all the test Add the egg to every test tube and cover all the test
tubestubes Store all the test tubes in an incubator at 37Store all the test tubes in an incubator at 37C for 48 C for 48
hours hours Uncap all the test tubes after 48 hours and weigh the Uncap all the test tubes after 48 hours and weigh the
hard-boiled egg slices from each test tube and recordhard-boiled egg slices from each test tube and record Repeat this procedure for three trialsRepeat this procedure for three trials
Controls and VariablesControls and Variables
ControlsControls Pepsin + Distilled Water, HCl + Distilled Water, Pepsin + Distilled Water, HCl + Distilled Water,
Distilled Water, Pepsin + HClDistilled Water, Pepsin + HCl
Independent VariableIndependent Variable Antacids: TUMS, Pepto-Bismol, Acid Reducer, Antacids: TUMS, Pepto-Bismol, Acid Reducer,
Hreatburn Relief, Sodium bicarbonate(Hreatburn Relief, Sodium bicarbonate(NaHCO3) NaHCO3)
Dependent VariablesDependent Variables Percent of change in egg mass after the incubation Percent of change in egg mass after the incubation
periodperiod
DataDataAverage Change in Egg Mass
Distilled Water
Pepsin + Distilled Water
HCl + PepsinHeartburn Relief
Pepto-BismolTUMS
HCl + Distilled Water
NaHCO3
Acid Reducer
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
Contents of Test Tube
Per
cent
of C
hang
e in
Mas
s
DataDataAverage Change in Egg Mass for Antacids
TUMS Pepto-Bismol
Acid Reducer
Heartburn Relief
NaHCO3
HCl + Pepsin-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
Antacids
Per
cent
of C
hang
e in
Mas
s
Contents of Test Tube PH Level
Distilled Water 6.5
Pepsin + Distilled Water 6
HCl + Distilled Water 1.5
Pepsin + HCl 1.5
TUMS 6
Pepto-Bismol 1.5
Acid Reducer 1.5
Heartburn Relief 1.5
NaHCO33
DataData
DataData
Antacid T-Test with Pepsin + HCl
TUMS
Pepto-Bismol
Acid Reducer
Heartburn Relief
NaHCO3
0.000110132
0.000107917
0.00499215
0.299909524
0.000124073
Post-incubationPost-incubation
HCl + Distilled Water and Pepsin + Distilled Water Pepsin + HCl and Distilled Water
TUMS and Pepto-Bismol Acid Reducer and Heartburn Relief
NaHCO3
ConclusionConclusion
The hypothesis for this experiment was partly The hypothesis for this experiment was partly supported and partly rejectedsupported and partly rejected TUMS was ineffective in breaking down food protein TUMS was ineffective in breaking down food protein
because it had pH level of 6because it had pH level of 6 Pepto-Bismol was ineffective in breaking down food Pepto-Bismol was ineffective in breaking down food
proteinprotein Acid Reducer only had a mild amount of food Acid Reducer only had a mild amount of food
protein breakdown protein breakdown Heartburn Relief was very effective in food protein Heartburn Relief was very effective in food protein
breakdown breakdown NaHCO3 was ineffective in breaking down food NaHCO3 was ineffective in breaking down food
proteinprotein
ConclusionConclusion
LimitationsLimitations Only tested 5 antacids out of manyOnly tested 5 antacids out of many Some egg mass was lost when the egg was Some egg mass was lost when the egg was
movedmoved Further StudyFurther Study
What are the effects of limited protein What are the effects of limited protein breakdown on the body?breakdown on the body?
Do more acidic food increase pepsin’s ability Do more acidic food increase pepsin’s ability to breakdown food protein? to breakdown food protein?
ReferencesReferences
American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. (2010). American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. (2010). Bismuth Subsalicylate Bismuth Subsalicylate . . Retrieved from National Center for Biotechnology Information database.Retrieved from National Center for Biotechnology Information database.
Avraham, R. (2000). Avraham, R. (2000). The Digestive SystemThe Digestive System. Philadelphia: Chelsea House . Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers.Publishers.
Carpi, A., Ph.D. (n.d.). Introduction. In Carpi, A., Ph.D. (n.d.). Introduction. In Acids and BasesAcids and Bases. Retrieved 2003, from . Retrieved 2003, from Visionlearning database.Visionlearning database.
Gbemudu, A., PharmD. (n.d.). Antacid faq. In Gbemudu, A., PharmD. (n.d.). Antacid faq. In RxListRxList [Fact sheet on Antacids]. [Fact sheet on Antacids]. Retrieved October 6, 2010, from http://www.rxlist.com/script/main/art.asp?Retrieved October 6, 2010, from http://www.rxlist.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=95545articlekey=95545
Gillson, S. (2010, April 16). Gillson, S. (2010, April 16). H2 BlockersH2 Blockers. Retrieved from About.com database.. Retrieved from About.com database. Pali-Schöll, I., Herzog, R., Wallmann, J., Szalai, K., Brunner, R., Lukschal, A., Pali-Schöll, I., Herzog, R., Wallmann, J., Szalai, K., Brunner, R., Lukschal, A.,
Karagiannis, P., Diesner, S. C. and Jensen-Jarolim, E. (2010, July). Antacids and Karagiannis, P., Diesner, S. C. and Jensen-Jarolim, E. (2010, July). Antacids and dietary supplements with an influence on the gastric pH increase the risk for food dietary supplements with an influence on the gastric pH increase the risk for food sensitization. sensitization. Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 40Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 40(7), 1091-1098. Abstract retrieved (7), 1091-1098. Abstract retrieved from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2010.03468.x/fullfrom http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2010.03468.x/full
PepsinPepsin. (2008). Retrieved from The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition website: . (2008). Retrieved from The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition website: http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/pepsin.aspxhttp://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/pepsin.aspx
Sexton, T. (n.d.). Sexton, T. (n.d.). History of AntacidHistory of Antacid. Retrieved July 17, 2008, from Health & . Retrieved July 17, 2008, from Health & Wellness database.Wellness database.