The End of the Cold War

Trudeau’s Foreign Policy P.E.T wanted Canada to

be less dependent. on US Officially recognized the

communist government of China (US not happy)

Ordered nuclear missiles removed from Canadian NATO forces in Europe.

dismantled BOMARC missile bases in Can. and cut defence budget

reduced Canada’s NATO contingent in Europe by half.

Trudeau’s Foreign Policy Cont.

recognized the split between development in poorer countries and richer countries and part of his mission was to improve economic status in developing nations.

C.I.D.A., the Canadian International Development Agency, was formed to assist developing countries.

Canada used “tied-aid”, whereby countries receiving aid agreed to buy Canadian goods, as an improvement strategy.

Advances in Science and Technology

On July 21, 1969, the first manned moon landing by the U.S.A. occurred. The ozone layer was

discovered in 1976. Spar Arrowspace, a

Canadian company, would develop the Canadarm for the U.S, space missions.

SPAR Aerospace Canadarm

The Cold War and HockeyCanada-Soviet Hockey Series, 1972 The Summit Series was an eight-game

series held in September 1972. People took the day off work on Sept. 28,

1972 to watch Canada play the Soviet Union.

Canada won the series four games to three, with one tie.

symbolized more than just a final hockey game.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Vp1OvDUGUA&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

Canada as a Middle Power

P.E.T went on a world tour trying to engage world leaders in a campaign to mediate between the superpowers and de-escalate the cold war.

In February of 1984, after his famous walk in the snow, P.E.T decided to leave politics.

The Mulroney Era: Closer Ties with the United States

New Con. PM Brian Mulroney worked to improve Canada’s relationship with the U.S

Can., as a NORAD partner, was asked to be part of the American Star Wars defence plan that would put military defence satellites into space.

Mulroney, after much controversy, said no but left the door open for Canadian companies to bid on contracts in the project.

Mulroney is remembered for the failed Meech Lake and Charlottetown Accords and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) he signed with the U.S and Mexico.

Reagan as President of the US Ronald Reagan become

President of US in 1980 Advocated a strong US policy

that challenged U.S.S.R and rejected de-escalation of nuclear war

Famously denounced the Soviet Bloc as “the evil empire” promising to leave it on the ash heap of history

Proposed massive increase in military spending knowing that the U.S.S.R could no longer compete

The End of the Cold War Soviet response set stage for end

of the Cold War change in leadership in the

U.S.S.R. brought change to the communist world.

The U.S.S.R.’s President Mikhail Gorbachev’s policies of “glasnost” and “perestroika” brought sweeping economic, social, and political reforms, to the U.S.S.R.

Censorship was loosened and greater freedom of speech was allowed.

East Germans, Czechs, Poles, Hungarians, and Romanians demanded similar reforms.

Mikhail Gorbachev

Was the last General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the last head of state of the USSR, serving from 1985 until its collapse in 1991.

His attempts at reform — perestroika and glasnost — as well as summit conferences with United States President Ronald Reagan, contributed to the end of the Cold War.

The End of the Cold War

In November of 1989 the Berlin Wall fell

Fall of the Berlin Wall – Symbolic end of the Cold War