33
1 The End of World War I The Aftermath • Defeat • Peace ? • Occupation • The World at Large
1
The End of World
War I
The Aftermath
bullDefeat
bullPeace
bullOccupation
bullThe World at Large
2
Allied offensive pushes German forces back toward
Germany (October 1918)
bullGerman leaders begin to seriously look at Wilsonrsquos 14 points
bullGerman political leadership moves to make Germany a
Constitutional Monarchy (like England)
Begins with the Navy
Germany navy revolts in Kiel and on 4 November seizes control of
ships
3
Last Allied soldier to
Die in World War I
Private Henry Gunther
4
Kaiser Wilhelm loses the support of the German military and political
leaders
Kaiser is at that time at his headquarters in Spa Belgium
Revolt begins in Berlin
10 November 1918 ndash
Kaiser flees to Holland (neutral)
Safe Haven
No War Crimes Trials
Buys Estate at Doorn
Never Leaves
5
Kaiser Wilhelm II
Dies 4 June 1941
With his son and
grandson (Crown Prince)
6
Diplomats begin and finalize negotiations with Germany for an ArmisticeMeet in the glade of Compiegne in Marshall Fochrsquos railway car
Glade of Compiegne
Glade of Compiegne
German DelegationMatthias Erzberger (1)
(Assassinated 1921)
Admiral Vanselow (2)
Count von Oberndorff (3)
General von Winterfeldt (4)
2 3
41
8
Germans head back to Germany followed by the Allies who take up positions of occupation throughout Germany (Rhineland) on the West bank of the Rhine River
Paris Peace Conference Meet in the Palace of Versailles outside Paris
Russia is not invited as they do not recognize the Bolshevik government
The ldquoBig Fourrdquo
bull Lloyd George ndash Prime Minister of England bull Woodrow Wilson ndash President of the United Statesbull Georges Clemenceau ndash President of France (wanted very harsh terms)bull Vittorio Orlando ndash President of Italy (withdraws then returns)
Paragraph 231 ndash ldquoWar Guilt Clauserdquobull Germans balk but finally sign the treaty
The ldquoBig Fourrdquo28 June 1919
Note the Irony of the Date
9
Notice the
diversity of the
German
delegation to the
Versailles Peace
Conference
10
Woodrow
Wilsonrsquos
14 Points
Check the textbook
11
Germany expects Wilsonrsquos 14 points to be used ndash it is not completely
Germany looses overseas territory and parts of nation Danzig Polish Corridor Majority of German people feel ldquobetrayedrdquo
Austria-Hungary broken up
United States never signs the Treaty of Versailles bull(1926 separate agreements reached)
Hall of Mirrors Versailles
12
13
League of Nations established (Geneva Switzerland)
Can only use economic sanctions not military force
US never joins ndash nor does Soviet Union (USSR)
Wilson and Republicans disagree
Landscape of the ldquoOld Empiresrdquo altered ndash Ottoman Empire
Treaty demands very heavy reparations
England realizes Germany can never pay it
British Treasury Representative at Versailles (John Maynard
Keynes)
End result ndash No country is satisfied with results of the Treaty of Versailles
America retreats across the ocean ndash Roaring twenties begins
The rest of world and Europe is left to pick up the pieces
Headquarters
League of Nations
Geneva Switzerland
14
15
16
17
A Closer Look at the
Japanese will get from
Versailles
Do the island names
sound familiar
18
19
The Aftermath
The Russian Civil War ndash Councils of Workers = Soviets =
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)
England France United States Japan occupy parts of
Russia
Protect Allied supplies given to the Russian (pre-revolt)
Government
End up fighting against the ldquoRedsrdquo and at times even
the ldquoWhitesrdquo
20
New Germany = Weimar Republic
Left and Right wing groups develop in both Italy and Germany
Revolts Spread throughout the Country -- 1918 - 1923
Berlin under Communist control for nearly six months
Munich under Communist control for only one week
21
Weimar Republic Government =
Parliamentary Representative Democracy
Leader Friedrich Ebert (Social Democrat ndash SPD) February 1919 ndash February 1925 (Appendicitis)
Succeeded by Paul Von Hindenburg February 1925 ndash June 1934 ( Natural Death)
Ω Faced with numerous problems
Ω Hyperinflation
Ω Extremist groups
Rise of Nazirsquos = Hitler
22
Freikorps Restore Order
Para-military groups under a
specific leader
Lack national coordination
Supported in part by various city
and state governments
But Then
23
German Inflation of the Early 1920rsquos
24
One loaf of bread
1 March 1920 = 1 Mark
One loaf of bread
1 December 1920 = 2 Marks
One loaf of bread
7 July 1922 = 500 Marks
25
One loaf of bread
15 September 1922 = 1000 Marks One loaf of bread
2 December 1922 = 5000 Marks
One loaf of bread
20 February 1923 = 20000 Marks
26
One loaf of bread
25 July 1923 = 100000 Marks
One loaf of bread
22 August 1923 = 100000000 Marks
27
What did the Germans do with
the Hyperinflation Currency
Building Blocks
(Early Legos)Heat your Home
Go Fly a Kite
Wall Paper your House to Keep Warm
28
Coupon Bonds issued by German State and City
Governments prior to immediately after WWI in order
to pay the war debts and reparations of the War
Last coupon paid was
125 Marks on
30 June 1922
29
Last coupon paid was
40 Marks on
1 August 1922
30
Last coupon paid was
20 Marks on
1 July 1922
31
Last coupon bond payments were made
in between June ndash August 1922
After that rampant inflation took off
rendering the value of these bonds
(money already paid) worthless due to
the loss of value
Could this happen today
32
German Currency Reform - August 1924
New Reichmark replaced the old German
(ldquoEmpirerdquo) Marks and the substitute
ldquoRentenmarkrdquo
Some stability ndash many Germans were
ldquowiped outrdquo and left destitute
All of this will
eventually lead to
The Great Depression
October 1929
AND
33
Rise of the National Socialist German Workers Party
(NSDAP = ldquoNAZIrdquo)
bullMunich ndash Adolf Hitler ndash Former Reichswehr NCO
bullNovember 1923 ndash Munich Beer Hall Putsch
The Conspirators November 1923
(to be continued in course 271)
2
Allied offensive pushes German forces back toward
Germany (October 1918)
bullGerman leaders begin to seriously look at Wilsonrsquos 14 points
bullGerman political leadership moves to make Germany a
Constitutional Monarchy (like England)
Begins with the Navy
Germany navy revolts in Kiel and on 4 November seizes control of
ships
3
Last Allied soldier to
Die in World War I
Private Henry Gunther
4
Kaiser Wilhelm loses the support of the German military and political
leaders
Kaiser is at that time at his headquarters in Spa Belgium
Revolt begins in Berlin
10 November 1918 ndash
Kaiser flees to Holland (neutral)
Safe Haven
No War Crimes Trials
Buys Estate at Doorn
Never Leaves
5
Kaiser Wilhelm II
Dies 4 June 1941
With his son and
grandson (Crown Prince)
6
Diplomats begin and finalize negotiations with Germany for an ArmisticeMeet in the glade of Compiegne in Marshall Fochrsquos railway car
Glade of Compiegne
Glade of Compiegne
German DelegationMatthias Erzberger (1)
(Assassinated 1921)
Admiral Vanselow (2)
Count von Oberndorff (3)
General von Winterfeldt (4)
2 3
41
8
Germans head back to Germany followed by the Allies who take up positions of occupation throughout Germany (Rhineland) on the West bank of the Rhine River
Paris Peace Conference Meet in the Palace of Versailles outside Paris
Russia is not invited as they do not recognize the Bolshevik government
The ldquoBig Fourrdquo
bull Lloyd George ndash Prime Minister of England bull Woodrow Wilson ndash President of the United Statesbull Georges Clemenceau ndash President of France (wanted very harsh terms)bull Vittorio Orlando ndash President of Italy (withdraws then returns)
Paragraph 231 ndash ldquoWar Guilt Clauserdquobull Germans balk but finally sign the treaty
The ldquoBig Fourrdquo28 June 1919
Note the Irony of the Date
9
Notice the
diversity of the
German
delegation to the
Versailles Peace
Conference
10
Woodrow
Wilsonrsquos
14 Points
Check the textbook
11
Germany expects Wilsonrsquos 14 points to be used ndash it is not completely
Germany looses overseas territory and parts of nation Danzig Polish Corridor Majority of German people feel ldquobetrayedrdquo
Austria-Hungary broken up
United States never signs the Treaty of Versailles bull(1926 separate agreements reached)
Hall of Mirrors Versailles
12
13
League of Nations established (Geneva Switzerland)
Can only use economic sanctions not military force
US never joins ndash nor does Soviet Union (USSR)
Wilson and Republicans disagree
Landscape of the ldquoOld Empiresrdquo altered ndash Ottoman Empire
Treaty demands very heavy reparations
England realizes Germany can never pay it
British Treasury Representative at Versailles (John Maynard
Keynes)
End result ndash No country is satisfied with results of the Treaty of Versailles
America retreats across the ocean ndash Roaring twenties begins
The rest of world and Europe is left to pick up the pieces
Headquarters
League of Nations
Geneva Switzerland
14
15
16
17
A Closer Look at the
Japanese will get from
Versailles
Do the island names
sound familiar
18
19
The Aftermath
The Russian Civil War ndash Councils of Workers = Soviets =
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)
England France United States Japan occupy parts of
Russia
Protect Allied supplies given to the Russian (pre-revolt)
Government
End up fighting against the ldquoRedsrdquo and at times even
the ldquoWhitesrdquo
20
New Germany = Weimar Republic
Left and Right wing groups develop in both Italy and Germany
Revolts Spread throughout the Country -- 1918 - 1923
Berlin under Communist control for nearly six months
Munich under Communist control for only one week
21
Weimar Republic Government =
Parliamentary Representative Democracy
Leader Friedrich Ebert (Social Democrat ndash SPD) February 1919 ndash February 1925 (Appendicitis)
Succeeded by Paul Von Hindenburg February 1925 ndash June 1934 ( Natural Death)
Ω Faced with numerous problems
Ω Hyperinflation
Ω Extremist groups
Rise of Nazirsquos = Hitler
22
Freikorps Restore Order
Para-military groups under a
specific leader
Lack national coordination
Supported in part by various city
and state governments
But Then
23
German Inflation of the Early 1920rsquos
24
One loaf of bread
1 March 1920 = 1 Mark
One loaf of bread
1 December 1920 = 2 Marks
One loaf of bread
7 July 1922 = 500 Marks
25
One loaf of bread
15 September 1922 = 1000 Marks One loaf of bread
2 December 1922 = 5000 Marks
One loaf of bread
20 February 1923 = 20000 Marks
26
One loaf of bread
25 July 1923 = 100000 Marks
One loaf of bread
22 August 1923 = 100000000 Marks
27
What did the Germans do with
the Hyperinflation Currency
Building Blocks
(Early Legos)Heat your Home
Go Fly a Kite
Wall Paper your House to Keep Warm
28
Coupon Bonds issued by German State and City
Governments prior to immediately after WWI in order
to pay the war debts and reparations of the War
Last coupon paid was
125 Marks on
30 June 1922
29
Last coupon paid was
40 Marks on
1 August 1922
30
Last coupon paid was
20 Marks on
1 July 1922
31
Last coupon bond payments were made
in between June ndash August 1922
After that rampant inflation took off
rendering the value of these bonds
(money already paid) worthless due to
the loss of value
Could this happen today
32
German Currency Reform - August 1924
New Reichmark replaced the old German
(ldquoEmpirerdquo) Marks and the substitute
ldquoRentenmarkrdquo
Some stability ndash many Germans were
ldquowiped outrdquo and left destitute
All of this will
eventually lead to
The Great Depression
October 1929
AND
33
Rise of the National Socialist German Workers Party
(NSDAP = ldquoNAZIrdquo)
bullMunich ndash Adolf Hitler ndash Former Reichswehr NCO
bullNovember 1923 ndash Munich Beer Hall Putsch
The Conspirators November 1923
(to be continued in course 271)
3
Last Allied soldier to
Die in World War I
Private Henry Gunther
4
Kaiser Wilhelm loses the support of the German military and political
leaders
Kaiser is at that time at his headquarters in Spa Belgium
Revolt begins in Berlin
10 November 1918 ndash
Kaiser flees to Holland (neutral)
Safe Haven
No War Crimes Trials
Buys Estate at Doorn
Never Leaves
5
Kaiser Wilhelm II
Dies 4 June 1941
With his son and
grandson (Crown Prince)
6
Diplomats begin and finalize negotiations with Germany for an ArmisticeMeet in the glade of Compiegne in Marshall Fochrsquos railway car
Glade of Compiegne
Glade of Compiegne
German DelegationMatthias Erzberger (1)
(Assassinated 1921)
Admiral Vanselow (2)
Count von Oberndorff (3)
General von Winterfeldt (4)
2 3
41
8
Germans head back to Germany followed by the Allies who take up positions of occupation throughout Germany (Rhineland) on the West bank of the Rhine River
Paris Peace Conference Meet in the Palace of Versailles outside Paris
Russia is not invited as they do not recognize the Bolshevik government
The ldquoBig Fourrdquo
bull Lloyd George ndash Prime Minister of England bull Woodrow Wilson ndash President of the United Statesbull Georges Clemenceau ndash President of France (wanted very harsh terms)bull Vittorio Orlando ndash President of Italy (withdraws then returns)
Paragraph 231 ndash ldquoWar Guilt Clauserdquobull Germans balk but finally sign the treaty
The ldquoBig Fourrdquo28 June 1919
Note the Irony of the Date
9
Notice the
diversity of the
German
delegation to the
Versailles Peace
Conference
10
Woodrow
Wilsonrsquos
14 Points
Check the textbook
11
Germany expects Wilsonrsquos 14 points to be used ndash it is not completely
Germany looses overseas territory and parts of nation Danzig Polish Corridor Majority of German people feel ldquobetrayedrdquo
Austria-Hungary broken up
United States never signs the Treaty of Versailles bull(1926 separate agreements reached)
Hall of Mirrors Versailles
12
13
League of Nations established (Geneva Switzerland)
Can only use economic sanctions not military force
US never joins ndash nor does Soviet Union (USSR)
Wilson and Republicans disagree
Landscape of the ldquoOld Empiresrdquo altered ndash Ottoman Empire
Treaty demands very heavy reparations
England realizes Germany can never pay it
British Treasury Representative at Versailles (John Maynard
Keynes)
End result ndash No country is satisfied with results of the Treaty of Versailles
America retreats across the ocean ndash Roaring twenties begins
The rest of world and Europe is left to pick up the pieces
Headquarters
League of Nations
Geneva Switzerland
14
15
16
17
A Closer Look at the
Japanese will get from
Versailles
Do the island names
sound familiar
18
19
The Aftermath
The Russian Civil War ndash Councils of Workers = Soviets =
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)
England France United States Japan occupy parts of
Russia
Protect Allied supplies given to the Russian (pre-revolt)
Government
End up fighting against the ldquoRedsrdquo and at times even
the ldquoWhitesrdquo
20
New Germany = Weimar Republic
Left and Right wing groups develop in both Italy and Germany
Revolts Spread throughout the Country -- 1918 - 1923
Berlin under Communist control for nearly six months
Munich under Communist control for only one week
21
Weimar Republic Government =
Parliamentary Representative Democracy
Leader Friedrich Ebert (Social Democrat ndash SPD) February 1919 ndash February 1925 (Appendicitis)
Succeeded by Paul Von Hindenburg February 1925 ndash June 1934 ( Natural Death)
Ω Faced with numerous problems
Ω Hyperinflation
Ω Extremist groups
Rise of Nazirsquos = Hitler
22
Freikorps Restore Order
Para-military groups under a
specific leader
Lack national coordination
Supported in part by various city
and state governments
But Then
23
German Inflation of the Early 1920rsquos
24
One loaf of bread
1 March 1920 = 1 Mark
One loaf of bread
1 December 1920 = 2 Marks
One loaf of bread
7 July 1922 = 500 Marks
25
One loaf of bread
15 September 1922 = 1000 Marks One loaf of bread
2 December 1922 = 5000 Marks
One loaf of bread
20 February 1923 = 20000 Marks
26
One loaf of bread
25 July 1923 = 100000 Marks
One loaf of bread
22 August 1923 = 100000000 Marks
27
What did the Germans do with
the Hyperinflation Currency
Building Blocks
(Early Legos)Heat your Home
Go Fly a Kite
Wall Paper your House to Keep Warm
28
Coupon Bonds issued by German State and City
Governments prior to immediately after WWI in order
to pay the war debts and reparations of the War
Last coupon paid was
125 Marks on
30 June 1922
29
Last coupon paid was
40 Marks on
1 August 1922
30
Last coupon paid was
20 Marks on
1 July 1922
31
Last coupon bond payments were made
in between June ndash August 1922
After that rampant inflation took off
rendering the value of these bonds
(money already paid) worthless due to
the loss of value
Could this happen today
32
German Currency Reform - August 1924
New Reichmark replaced the old German
(ldquoEmpirerdquo) Marks and the substitute
ldquoRentenmarkrdquo
Some stability ndash many Germans were
ldquowiped outrdquo and left destitute
All of this will
eventually lead to
The Great Depression
October 1929
AND
33
Rise of the National Socialist German Workers Party
(NSDAP = ldquoNAZIrdquo)
bullMunich ndash Adolf Hitler ndash Former Reichswehr NCO
bullNovember 1923 ndash Munich Beer Hall Putsch
The Conspirators November 1923
(to be continued in course 271)
4
Kaiser Wilhelm loses the support of the German military and political
leaders
Kaiser is at that time at his headquarters in Spa Belgium
Revolt begins in Berlin
10 November 1918 ndash
Kaiser flees to Holland (neutral)
Safe Haven
No War Crimes Trials
Buys Estate at Doorn
Never Leaves
5
Kaiser Wilhelm II
Dies 4 June 1941
With his son and
grandson (Crown Prince)
6
Diplomats begin and finalize negotiations with Germany for an ArmisticeMeet in the glade of Compiegne in Marshall Fochrsquos railway car
Glade of Compiegne
Glade of Compiegne
German DelegationMatthias Erzberger (1)
(Assassinated 1921)
Admiral Vanselow (2)
Count von Oberndorff (3)
General von Winterfeldt (4)
2 3
41
8
Germans head back to Germany followed by the Allies who take up positions of occupation throughout Germany (Rhineland) on the West bank of the Rhine River
Paris Peace Conference Meet in the Palace of Versailles outside Paris
Russia is not invited as they do not recognize the Bolshevik government
The ldquoBig Fourrdquo
bull Lloyd George ndash Prime Minister of England bull Woodrow Wilson ndash President of the United Statesbull Georges Clemenceau ndash President of France (wanted very harsh terms)bull Vittorio Orlando ndash President of Italy (withdraws then returns)
Paragraph 231 ndash ldquoWar Guilt Clauserdquobull Germans balk but finally sign the treaty
The ldquoBig Fourrdquo28 June 1919
Note the Irony of the Date
9
Notice the
diversity of the
German
delegation to the
Versailles Peace
Conference
10
Woodrow
Wilsonrsquos
14 Points
Check the textbook
11
Germany expects Wilsonrsquos 14 points to be used ndash it is not completely
Germany looses overseas territory and parts of nation Danzig Polish Corridor Majority of German people feel ldquobetrayedrdquo
Austria-Hungary broken up
United States never signs the Treaty of Versailles bull(1926 separate agreements reached)
Hall of Mirrors Versailles
12
13
League of Nations established (Geneva Switzerland)
Can only use economic sanctions not military force
US never joins ndash nor does Soviet Union (USSR)
Wilson and Republicans disagree
Landscape of the ldquoOld Empiresrdquo altered ndash Ottoman Empire
Treaty demands very heavy reparations
England realizes Germany can never pay it
British Treasury Representative at Versailles (John Maynard
Keynes)
End result ndash No country is satisfied with results of the Treaty of Versailles
America retreats across the ocean ndash Roaring twenties begins
The rest of world and Europe is left to pick up the pieces
Headquarters
League of Nations
Geneva Switzerland
14
15
16
17
A Closer Look at the
Japanese will get from
Versailles
Do the island names
sound familiar
18
19
The Aftermath
The Russian Civil War ndash Councils of Workers = Soviets =
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)
England France United States Japan occupy parts of
Russia
Protect Allied supplies given to the Russian (pre-revolt)
Government
End up fighting against the ldquoRedsrdquo and at times even
the ldquoWhitesrdquo
20
New Germany = Weimar Republic
Left and Right wing groups develop in both Italy and Germany
Revolts Spread throughout the Country -- 1918 - 1923
Berlin under Communist control for nearly six months
Munich under Communist control for only one week
21
Weimar Republic Government =
Parliamentary Representative Democracy
Leader Friedrich Ebert (Social Democrat ndash SPD) February 1919 ndash February 1925 (Appendicitis)
Succeeded by Paul Von Hindenburg February 1925 ndash June 1934 ( Natural Death)
Ω Faced with numerous problems
Ω Hyperinflation
Ω Extremist groups
Rise of Nazirsquos = Hitler
22
Freikorps Restore Order
Para-military groups under a
specific leader
Lack national coordination
Supported in part by various city
and state governments
But Then
23
German Inflation of the Early 1920rsquos
24
One loaf of bread
1 March 1920 = 1 Mark
One loaf of bread
1 December 1920 = 2 Marks
One loaf of bread
7 July 1922 = 500 Marks
25
One loaf of bread
15 September 1922 = 1000 Marks One loaf of bread
2 December 1922 = 5000 Marks
One loaf of bread
20 February 1923 = 20000 Marks
26
One loaf of bread
25 July 1923 = 100000 Marks
One loaf of bread
22 August 1923 = 100000000 Marks
27
What did the Germans do with
the Hyperinflation Currency
Building Blocks
(Early Legos)Heat your Home
Go Fly a Kite
Wall Paper your House to Keep Warm
28
Coupon Bonds issued by German State and City
Governments prior to immediately after WWI in order
to pay the war debts and reparations of the War
Last coupon paid was
125 Marks on
30 June 1922
29
Last coupon paid was
40 Marks on
1 August 1922
30
Last coupon paid was
20 Marks on
1 July 1922
31
Last coupon bond payments were made
in between June ndash August 1922
After that rampant inflation took off
rendering the value of these bonds
(money already paid) worthless due to
the loss of value
Could this happen today
32
German Currency Reform - August 1924
New Reichmark replaced the old German
(ldquoEmpirerdquo) Marks and the substitute
ldquoRentenmarkrdquo
Some stability ndash many Germans were
ldquowiped outrdquo and left destitute
All of this will
eventually lead to
The Great Depression
October 1929
AND
33
Rise of the National Socialist German Workers Party
(NSDAP = ldquoNAZIrdquo)
bullMunich ndash Adolf Hitler ndash Former Reichswehr NCO
bullNovember 1923 ndash Munich Beer Hall Putsch
The Conspirators November 1923
(to be continued in course 271)
5
Kaiser Wilhelm II
Dies 4 June 1941
With his son and
grandson (Crown Prince)
6
Diplomats begin and finalize negotiations with Germany for an ArmisticeMeet in the glade of Compiegne in Marshall Fochrsquos railway car
Glade of Compiegne
Glade of Compiegne
German DelegationMatthias Erzberger (1)
(Assassinated 1921)
Admiral Vanselow (2)
Count von Oberndorff (3)
General von Winterfeldt (4)
2 3
41
8
Germans head back to Germany followed by the Allies who take up positions of occupation throughout Germany (Rhineland) on the West bank of the Rhine River
Paris Peace Conference Meet in the Palace of Versailles outside Paris
Russia is not invited as they do not recognize the Bolshevik government
The ldquoBig Fourrdquo
bull Lloyd George ndash Prime Minister of England bull Woodrow Wilson ndash President of the United Statesbull Georges Clemenceau ndash President of France (wanted very harsh terms)bull Vittorio Orlando ndash President of Italy (withdraws then returns)
Paragraph 231 ndash ldquoWar Guilt Clauserdquobull Germans balk but finally sign the treaty
The ldquoBig Fourrdquo28 June 1919
Note the Irony of the Date
9
Notice the
diversity of the
German
delegation to the
Versailles Peace
Conference
10
Woodrow
Wilsonrsquos
14 Points
Check the textbook
11
Germany expects Wilsonrsquos 14 points to be used ndash it is not completely
Germany looses overseas territory and parts of nation Danzig Polish Corridor Majority of German people feel ldquobetrayedrdquo
Austria-Hungary broken up
United States never signs the Treaty of Versailles bull(1926 separate agreements reached)
Hall of Mirrors Versailles
12
13
League of Nations established (Geneva Switzerland)
Can only use economic sanctions not military force
US never joins ndash nor does Soviet Union (USSR)
Wilson and Republicans disagree
Landscape of the ldquoOld Empiresrdquo altered ndash Ottoman Empire
Treaty demands very heavy reparations
England realizes Germany can never pay it
British Treasury Representative at Versailles (John Maynard
Keynes)
End result ndash No country is satisfied with results of the Treaty of Versailles
America retreats across the ocean ndash Roaring twenties begins
The rest of world and Europe is left to pick up the pieces
Headquarters
League of Nations
Geneva Switzerland
14
15
16
17
A Closer Look at the
Japanese will get from
Versailles
Do the island names
sound familiar
18
19
The Aftermath
The Russian Civil War ndash Councils of Workers = Soviets =
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)
England France United States Japan occupy parts of
Russia
Protect Allied supplies given to the Russian (pre-revolt)
Government
End up fighting against the ldquoRedsrdquo and at times even
the ldquoWhitesrdquo
20
New Germany = Weimar Republic
Left and Right wing groups develop in both Italy and Germany
Revolts Spread throughout the Country -- 1918 - 1923
Berlin under Communist control for nearly six months
Munich under Communist control for only one week
21
Weimar Republic Government =
Parliamentary Representative Democracy
Leader Friedrich Ebert (Social Democrat ndash SPD) February 1919 ndash February 1925 (Appendicitis)
Succeeded by Paul Von Hindenburg February 1925 ndash June 1934 ( Natural Death)
Ω Faced with numerous problems
Ω Hyperinflation
Ω Extremist groups
Rise of Nazirsquos = Hitler
22
Freikorps Restore Order
Para-military groups under a
specific leader
Lack national coordination
Supported in part by various city
and state governments
But Then
23
German Inflation of the Early 1920rsquos
24
One loaf of bread
1 March 1920 = 1 Mark
One loaf of bread
1 December 1920 = 2 Marks
One loaf of bread
7 July 1922 = 500 Marks
25
One loaf of bread
15 September 1922 = 1000 Marks One loaf of bread
2 December 1922 = 5000 Marks
One loaf of bread
20 February 1923 = 20000 Marks
26
One loaf of bread
25 July 1923 = 100000 Marks
One loaf of bread
22 August 1923 = 100000000 Marks
27
What did the Germans do with
the Hyperinflation Currency
Building Blocks
(Early Legos)Heat your Home
Go Fly a Kite
Wall Paper your House to Keep Warm
28
Coupon Bonds issued by German State and City
Governments prior to immediately after WWI in order
to pay the war debts and reparations of the War
Last coupon paid was
125 Marks on
30 June 1922
29
Last coupon paid was
40 Marks on
1 August 1922
30
Last coupon paid was
20 Marks on
1 July 1922
31
Last coupon bond payments were made
in between June ndash August 1922
After that rampant inflation took off
rendering the value of these bonds
(money already paid) worthless due to
the loss of value
Could this happen today
32
German Currency Reform - August 1924
New Reichmark replaced the old German
(ldquoEmpirerdquo) Marks and the substitute
ldquoRentenmarkrdquo
Some stability ndash many Germans were
ldquowiped outrdquo and left destitute
All of this will
eventually lead to
The Great Depression
October 1929
AND
33
Rise of the National Socialist German Workers Party
(NSDAP = ldquoNAZIrdquo)
bullMunich ndash Adolf Hitler ndash Former Reichswehr NCO
bullNovember 1923 ndash Munich Beer Hall Putsch
The Conspirators November 1923
(to be continued in course 271)
6
Diplomats begin and finalize negotiations with Germany for an ArmisticeMeet in the glade of Compiegne in Marshall Fochrsquos railway car
Glade of Compiegne
Glade of Compiegne
German DelegationMatthias Erzberger (1)
(Assassinated 1921)
Admiral Vanselow (2)
Count von Oberndorff (3)
General von Winterfeldt (4)
2 3
41
8
Germans head back to Germany followed by the Allies who take up positions of occupation throughout Germany (Rhineland) on the West bank of the Rhine River
Paris Peace Conference Meet in the Palace of Versailles outside Paris
Russia is not invited as they do not recognize the Bolshevik government
The ldquoBig Fourrdquo
bull Lloyd George ndash Prime Minister of England bull Woodrow Wilson ndash President of the United Statesbull Georges Clemenceau ndash President of France (wanted very harsh terms)bull Vittorio Orlando ndash President of Italy (withdraws then returns)
Paragraph 231 ndash ldquoWar Guilt Clauserdquobull Germans balk but finally sign the treaty
The ldquoBig Fourrdquo28 June 1919
Note the Irony of the Date
9
Notice the
diversity of the
German
delegation to the
Versailles Peace
Conference
10
Woodrow
Wilsonrsquos
14 Points
Check the textbook
11
Germany expects Wilsonrsquos 14 points to be used ndash it is not completely
Germany looses overseas territory and parts of nation Danzig Polish Corridor Majority of German people feel ldquobetrayedrdquo
Austria-Hungary broken up
United States never signs the Treaty of Versailles bull(1926 separate agreements reached)
Hall of Mirrors Versailles
12
13
League of Nations established (Geneva Switzerland)
Can only use economic sanctions not military force
US never joins ndash nor does Soviet Union (USSR)
Wilson and Republicans disagree
Landscape of the ldquoOld Empiresrdquo altered ndash Ottoman Empire
Treaty demands very heavy reparations
England realizes Germany can never pay it
British Treasury Representative at Versailles (John Maynard
Keynes)
End result ndash No country is satisfied with results of the Treaty of Versailles
America retreats across the ocean ndash Roaring twenties begins
The rest of world and Europe is left to pick up the pieces
Headquarters
League of Nations
Geneva Switzerland
14
15
16
17
A Closer Look at the
Japanese will get from
Versailles
Do the island names
sound familiar
18
19
The Aftermath
The Russian Civil War ndash Councils of Workers = Soviets =
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)
England France United States Japan occupy parts of
Russia
Protect Allied supplies given to the Russian (pre-revolt)
Government
End up fighting against the ldquoRedsrdquo and at times even
the ldquoWhitesrdquo
20
New Germany = Weimar Republic
Left and Right wing groups develop in both Italy and Germany
Revolts Spread throughout the Country -- 1918 - 1923
Berlin under Communist control for nearly six months
Munich under Communist control for only one week
21
Weimar Republic Government =
Parliamentary Representative Democracy
Leader Friedrich Ebert (Social Democrat ndash SPD) February 1919 ndash February 1925 (Appendicitis)
Succeeded by Paul Von Hindenburg February 1925 ndash June 1934 ( Natural Death)
Ω Faced with numerous problems
Ω Hyperinflation
Ω Extremist groups
Rise of Nazirsquos = Hitler
22
Freikorps Restore Order
Para-military groups under a
specific leader
Lack national coordination
Supported in part by various city
and state governments
But Then
23
German Inflation of the Early 1920rsquos
24
One loaf of bread
1 March 1920 = 1 Mark
One loaf of bread
1 December 1920 = 2 Marks
One loaf of bread
7 July 1922 = 500 Marks
25
One loaf of bread
15 September 1922 = 1000 Marks One loaf of bread
2 December 1922 = 5000 Marks
One loaf of bread
20 February 1923 = 20000 Marks
26
One loaf of bread
25 July 1923 = 100000 Marks
One loaf of bread
22 August 1923 = 100000000 Marks
27
What did the Germans do with
the Hyperinflation Currency
Building Blocks
(Early Legos)Heat your Home
Go Fly a Kite
Wall Paper your House to Keep Warm
28
Coupon Bonds issued by German State and City
Governments prior to immediately after WWI in order
to pay the war debts and reparations of the War
Last coupon paid was
125 Marks on
30 June 1922
29
Last coupon paid was
40 Marks on
1 August 1922
30
Last coupon paid was
20 Marks on
1 July 1922
31
Last coupon bond payments were made
in between June ndash August 1922
After that rampant inflation took off
rendering the value of these bonds
(money already paid) worthless due to
the loss of value
Could this happen today
32
German Currency Reform - August 1924
New Reichmark replaced the old German
(ldquoEmpirerdquo) Marks and the substitute
ldquoRentenmarkrdquo
Some stability ndash many Germans were
ldquowiped outrdquo and left destitute
All of this will
eventually lead to
The Great Depression
October 1929
AND
33
Rise of the National Socialist German Workers Party
(NSDAP = ldquoNAZIrdquo)
bullMunich ndash Adolf Hitler ndash Former Reichswehr NCO
bullNovember 1923 ndash Munich Beer Hall Putsch
The Conspirators November 1923
(to be continued in course 271)
Glade of Compiegne
German DelegationMatthias Erzberger (1)
(Assassinated 1921)
Admiral Vanselow (2)
Count von Oberndorff (3)
General von Winterfeldt (4)
2 3
41
8
Germans head back to Germany followed by the Allies who take up positions of occupation throughout Germany (Rhineland) on the West bank of the Rhine River
Paris Peace Conference Meet in the Palace of Versailles outside Paris
Russia is not invited as they do not recognize the Bolshevik government
The ldquoBig Fourrdquo
bull Lloyd George ndash Prime Minister of England bull Woodrow Wilson ndash President of the United Statesbull Georges Clemenceau ndash President of France (wanted very harsh terms)bull Vittorio Orlando ndash President of Italy (withdraws then returns)
Paragraph 231 ndash ldquoWar Guilt Clauserdquobull Germans balk but finally sign the treaty
The ldquoBig Fourrdquo28 June 1919
Note the Irony of the Date
9
Notice the
diversity of the
German
delegation to the
Versailles Peace
Conference
10
Woodrow
Wilsonrsquos
14 Points
Check the textbook
11
Germany expects Wilsonrsquos 14 points to be used ndash it is not completely
Germany looses overseas territory and parts of nation Danzig Polish Corridor Majority of German people feel ldquobetrayedrdquo
Austria-Hungary broken up
United States never signs the Treaty of Versailles bull(1926 separate agreements reached)
Hall of Mirrors Versailles
12
13
League of Nations established (Geneva Switzerland)
Can only use economic sanctions not military force
US never joins ndash nor does Soviet Union (USSR)
Wilson and Republicans disagree
Landscape of the ldquoOld Empiresrdquo altered ndash Ottoman Empire
Treaty demands very heavy reparations
England realizes Germany can never pay it
British Treasury Representative at Versailles (John Maynard
Keynes)
End result ndash No country is satisfied with results of the Treaty of Versailles
America retreats across the ocean ndash Roaring twenties begins
The rest of world and Europe is left to pick up the pieces
Headquarters
League of Nations
Geneva Switzerland
14
15
16
17
A Closer Look at the
Japanese will get from
Versailles
Do the island names
sound familiar
18
19
The Aftermath
The Russian Civil War ndash Councils of Workers = Soviets =
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)
England France United States Japan occupy parts of
Russia
Protect Allied supplies given to the Russian (pre-revolt)
Government
End up fighting against the ldquoRedsrdquo and at times even
the ldquoWhitesrdquo
20
New Germany = Weimar Republic
Left and Right wing groups develop in both Italy and Germany
Revolts Spread throughout the Country -- 1918 - 1923
Berlin under Communist control for nearly six months
Munich under Communist control for only one week
21
Weimar Republic Government =
Parliamentary Representative Democracy
Leader Friedrich Ebert (Social Democrat ndash SPD) February 1919 ndash February 1925 (Appendicitis)
Succeeded by Paul Von Hindenburg February 1925 ndash June 1934 ( Natural Death)
Ω Faced with numerous problems
Ω Hyperinflation
Ω Extremist groups
Rise of Nazirsquos = Hitler
22
Freikorps Restore Order
Para-military groups under a
specific leader
Lack national coordination
Supported in part by various city
and state governments
But Then
23
German Inflation of the Early 1920rsquos
24
One loaf of bread
1 March 1920 = 1 Mark
One loaf of bread
1 December 1920 = 2 Marks
One loaf of bread
7 July 1922 = 500 Marks
25
One loaf of bread
15 September 1922 = 1000 Marks One loaf of bread
2 December 1922 = 5000 Marks
One loaf of bread
20 February 1923 = 20000 Marks
26
One loaf of bread
25 July 1923 = 100000 Marks
One loaf of bread
22 August 1923 = 100000000 Marks
27
What did the Germans do with
the Hyperinflation Currency
Building Blocks
(Early Legos)Heat your Home
Go Fly a Kite
Wall Paper your House to Keep Warm
28
Coupon Bonds issued by German State and City
Governments prior to immediately after WWI in order
to pay the war debts and reparations of the War
Last coupon paid was
125 Marks on
30 June 1922
29
Last coupon paid was
40 Marks on
1 August 1922
30
Last coupon paid was
20 Marks on
1 July 1922
31
Last coupon bond payments were made
in between June ndash August 1922
After that rampant inflation took off
rendering the value of these bonds
(money already paid) worthless due to
the loss of value
Could this happen today
32
German Currency Reform - August 1924
New Reichmark replaced the old German
(ldquoEmpirerdquo) Marks and the substitute
ldquoRentenmarkrdquo
Some stability ndash many Germans were
ldquowiped outrdquo and left destitute
All of this will
eventually lead to
The Great Depression
October 1929
AND
33
Rise of the National Socialist German Workers Party
(NSDAP = ldquoNAZIrdquo)
bullMunich ndash Adolf Hitler ndash Former Reichswehr NCO
bullNovember 1923 ndash Munich Beer Hall Putsch
The Conspirators November 1923
(to be continued in course 271)
8
Germans head back to Germany followed by the Allies who take up positions of occupation throughout Germany (Rhineland) on the West bank of the Rhine River
Paris Peace Conference Meet in the Palace of Versailles outside Paris
Russia is not invited as they do not recognize the Bolshevik government
The ldquoBig Fourrdquo
bull Lloyd George ndash Prime Minister of England bull Woodrow Wilson ndash President of the United Statesbull Georges Clemenceau ndash President of France (wanted very harsh terms)bull Vittorio Orlando ndash President of Italy (withdraws then returns)
Paragraph 231 ndash ldquoWar Guilt Clauserdquobull Germans balk but finally sign the treaty
The ldquoBig Fourrdquo28 June 1919
Note the Irony of the Date
9
Notice the
diversity of the
German
delegation to the
Versailles Peace
Conference
10
Woodrow
Wilsonrsquos
14 Points
Check the textbook
11
Germany expects Wilsonrsquos 14 points to be used ndash it is not completely
Germany looses overseas territory and parts of nation Danzig Polish Corridor Majority of German people feel ldquobetrayedrdquo
Austria-Hungary broken up
United States never signs the Treaty of Versailles bull(1926 separate agreements reached)
Hall of Mirrors Versailles
12
13
League of Nations established (Geneva Switzerland)
Can only use economic sanctions not military force
US never joins ndash nor does Soviet Union (USSR)
Wilson and Republicans disagree
Landscape of the ldquoOld Empiresrdquo altered ndash Ottoman Empire
Treaty demands very heavy reparations
England realizes Germany can never pay it
British Treasury Representative at Versailles (John Maynard
Keynes)
End result ndash No country is satisfied with results of the Treaty of Versailles
America retreats across the ocean ndash Roaring twenties begins
The rest of world and Europe is left to pick up the pieces
Headquarters
League of Nations
Geneva Switzerland
14
15
16
17
A Closer Look at the
Japanese will get from
Versailles
Do the island names
sound familiar
18
19
The Aftermath
The Russian Civil War ndash Councils of Workers = Soviets =
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)
England France United States Japan occupy parts of
Russia
Protect Allied supplies given to the Russian (pre-revolt)
Government
End up fighting against the ldquoRedsrdquo and at times even
the ldquoWhitesrdquo
20
New Germany = Weimar Republic
Left and Right wing groups develop in both Italy and Germany
Revolts Spread throughout the Country -- 1918 - 1923
Berlin under Communist control for nearly six months
Munich under Communist control for only one week
21
Weimar Republic Government =
Parliamentary Representative Democracy
Leader Friedrich Ebert (Social Democrat ndash SPD) February 1919 ndash February 1925 (Appendicitis)
Succeeded by Paul Von Hindenburg February 1925 ndash June 1934 ( Natural Death)
Ω Faced with numerous problems
Ω Hyperinflation
Ω Extremist groups
Rise of Nazirsquos = Hitler
22
Freikorps Restore Order
Para-military groups under a
specific leader
Lack national coordination
Supported in part by various city
and state governments
But Then
23
German Inflation of the Early 1920rsquos
24
One loaf of bread
1 March 1920 = 1 Mark
One loaf of bread
1 December 1920 = 2 Marks
One loaf of bread
7 July 1922 = 500 Marks
25
One loaf of bread
15 September 1922 = 1000 Marks One loaf of bread
2 December 1922 = 5000 Marks
One loaf of bread
20 February 1923 = 20000 Marks
26
One loaf of bread
25 July 1923 = 100000 Marks
One loaf of bread
22 August 1923 = 100000000 Marks
27
What did the Germans do with
the Hyperinflation Currency
Building Blocks
(Early Legos)Heat your Home
Go Fly a Kite
Wall Paper your House to Keep Warm
28
Coupon Bonds issued by German State and City
Governments prior to immediately after WWI in order
to pay the war debts and reparations of the War
Last coupon paid was
125 Marks on
30 June 1922
29
Last coupon paid was
40 Marks on
1 August 1922
30
Last coupon paid was
20 Marks on
1 July 1922
31
Last coupon bond payments were made
in between June ndash August 1922
After that rampant inflation took off
rendering the value of these bonds
(money already paid) worthless due to
the loss of value
Could this happen today
32
German Currency Reform - August 1924
New Reichmark replaced the old German
(ldquoEmpirerdquo) Marks and the substitute
ldquoRentenmarkrdquo
Some stability ndash many Germans were
ldquowiped outrdquo and left destitute
All of this will
eventually lead to
The Great Depression
October 1929
AND
33
Rise of the National Socialist German Workers Party
(NSDAP = ldquoNAZIrdquo)
bullMunich ndash Adolf Hitler ndash Former Reichswehr NCO
bullNovember 1923 ndash Munich Beer Hall Putsch
The Conspirators November 1923
(to be continued in course 271)
9
Notice the
diversity of the
German
delegation to the
Versailles Peace
Conference
10
Woodrow
Wilsonrsquos
14 Points
Check the textbook
11
Germany expects Wilsonrsquos 14 points to be used ndash it is not completely
Germany looses overseas territory and parts of nation Danzig Polish Corridor Majority of German people feel ldquobetrayedrdquo
Austria-Hungary broken up
United States never signs the Treaty of Versailles bull(1926 separate agreements reached)
Hall of Mirrors Versailles
12
13
League of Nations established (Geneva Switzerland)
Can only use economic sanctions not military force
US never joins ndash nor does Soviet Union (USSR)
Wilson and Republicans disagree
Landscape of the ldquoOld Empiresrdquo altered ndash Ottoman Empire
Treaty demands very heavy reparations
England realizes Germany can never pay it
British Treasury Representative at Versailles (John Maynard
Keynes)
End result ndash No country is satisfied with results of the Treaty of Versailles
America retreats across the ocean ndash Roaring twenties begins
The rest of world and Europe is left to pick up the pieces
Headquarters
League of Nations
Geneva Switzerland
14
15
16
17
A Closer Look at the
Japanese will get from
Versailles
Do the island names
sound familiar
18
19
The Aftermath
The Russian Civil War ndash Councils of Workers = Soviets =
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)
England France United States Japan occupy parts of
Russia
Protect Allied supplies given to the Russian (pre-revolt)
Government
End up fighting against the ldquoRedsrdquo and at times even
the ldquoWhitesrdquo
20
New Germany = Weimar Republic
Left and Right wing groups develop in both Italy and Germany
Revolts Spread throughout the Country -- 1918 - 1923
Berlin under Communist control for nearly six months
Munich under Communist control for only one week
21
Weimar Republic Government =
Parliamentary Representative Democracy
Leader Friedrich Ebert (Social Democrat ndash SPD) February 1919 ndash February 1925 (Appendicitis)
Succeeded by Paul Von Hindenburg February 1925 ndash June 1934 ( Natural Death)
Ω Faced with numerous problems
Ω Hyperinflation
Ω Extremist groups
Rise of Nazirsquos = Hitler
22
Freikorps Restore Order
Para-military groups under a
specific leader
Lack national coordination
Supported in part by various city
and state governments
But Then
23
German Inflation of the Early 1920rsquos
24
One loaf of bread
1 March 1920 = 1 Mark
One loaf of bread
1 December 1920 = 2 Marks
One loaf of bread
7 July 1922 = 500 Marks
25
One loaf of bread
15 September 1922 = 1000 Marks One loaf of bread
2 December 1922 = 5000 Marks
One loaf of bread
20 February 1923 = 20000 Marks
26
One loaf of bread
25 July 1923 = 100000 Marks
One loaf of bread
22 August 1923 = 100000000 Marks
27
What did the Germans do with
the Hyperinflation Currency
Building Blocks
(Early Legos)Heat your Home
Go Fly a Kite
Wall Paper your House to Keep Warm
28
Coupon Bonds issued by German State and City
Governments prior to immediately after WWI in order
to pay the war debts and reparations of the War
Last coupon paid was
125 Marks on
30 June 1922
29
Last coupon paid was
40 Marks on
1 August 1922
30
Last coupon paid was
20 Marks on
1 July 1922
31
Last coupon bond payments were made
in between June ndash August 1922
After that rampant inflation took off
rendering the value of these bonds
(money already paid) worthless due to
the loss of value
Could this happen today
32
German Currency Reform - August 1924
New Reichmark replaced the old German
(ldquoEmpirerdquo) Marks and the substitute
ldquoRentenmarkrdquo
Some stability ndash many Germans were
ldquowiped outrdquo and left destitute
All of this will
eventually lead to
The Great Depression
October 1929
AND
33
Rise of the National Socialist German Workers Party
(NSDAP = ldquoNAZIrdquo)
bullMunich ndash Adolf Hitler ndash Former Reichswehr NCO
bullNovember 1923 ndash Munich Beer Hall Putsch
The Conspirators November 1923
(to be continued in course 271)
10
Woodrow
Wilsonrsquos
14 Points
Check the textbook
11
Germany expects Wilsonrsquos 14 points to be used ndash it is not completely
Germany looses overseas territory and parts of nation Danzig Polish Corridor Majority of German people feel ldquobetrayedrdquo
Austria-Hungary broken up
United States never signs the Treaty of Versailles bull(1926 separate agreements reached)
Hall of Mirrors Versailles
12
13
League of Nations established (Geneva Switzerland)
Can only use economic sanctions not military force
US never joins ndash nor does Soviet Union (USSR)
Wilson and Republicans disagree
Landscape of the ldquoOld Empiresrdquo altered ndash Ottoman Empire
Treaty demands very heavy reparations
England realizes Germany can never pay it
British Treasury Representative at Versailles (John Maynard
Keynes)
End result ndash No country is satisfied with results of the Treaty of Versailles
America retreats across the ocean ndash Roaring twenties begins
The rest of world and Europe is left to pick up the pieces
Headquarters
League of Nations
Geneva Switzerland
14
15
16
17
A Closer Look at the
Japanese will get from
Versailles
Do the island names
sound familiar
18
19
The Aftermath
The Russian Civil War ndash Councils of Workers = Soviets =
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)
England France United States Japan occupy parts of
Russia
Protect Allied supplies given to the Russian (pre-revolt)
Government
End up fighting against the ldquoRedsrdquo and at times even
the ldquoWhitesrdquo
20
New Germany = Weimar Republic
Left and Right wing groups develop in both Italy and Germany
Revolts Spread throughout the Country -- 1918 - 1923
Berlin under Communist control for nearly six months
Munich under Communist control for only one week
21
Weimar Republic Government =
Parliamentary Representative Democracy
Leader Friedrich Ebert (Social Democrat ndash SPD) February 1919 ndash February 1925 (Appendicitis)
Succeeded by Paul Von Hindenburg February 1925 ndash June 1934 ( Natural Death)
Ω Faced with numerous problems
Ω Hyperinflation
Ω Extremist groups
Rise of Nazirsquos = Hitler
22
Freikorps Restore Order
Para-military groups under a
specific leader
Lack national coordination
Supported in part by various city
and state governments
But Then
23
German Inflation of the Early 1920rsquos
24
One loaf of bread
1 March 1920 = 1 Mark
One loaf of bread
1 December 1920 = 2 Marks
One loaf of bread
7 July 1922 = 500 Marks
25
One loaf of bread
15 September 1922 = 1000 Marks One loaf of bread
2 December 1922 = 5000 Marks
One loaf of bread
20 February 1923 = 20000 Marks
26
One loaf of bread
25 July 1923 = 100000 Marks
One loaf of bread
22 August 1923 = 100000000 Marks
27
What did the Germans do with
the Hyperinflation Currency
Building Blocks
(Early Legos)Heat your Home
Go Fly a Kite
Wall Paper your House to Keep Warm
28
Coupon Bonds issued by German State and City
Governments prior to immediately after WWI in order
to pay the war debts and reparations of the War
Last coupon paid was
125 Marks on
30 June 1922
29
Last coupon paid was
40 Marks on
1 August 1922
30
Last coupon paid was
20 Marks on
1 July 1922
31
Last coupon bond payments were made
in between June ndash August 1922
After that rampant inflation took off
rendering the value of these bonds
(money already paid) worthless due to
the loss of value
Could this happen today
32
German Currency Reform - August 1924
New Reichmark replaced the old German
(ldquoEmpirerdquo) Marks and the substitute
ldquoRentenmarkrdquo
Some stability ndash many Germans were
ldquowiped outrdquo and left destitute
All of this will
eventually lead to
The Great Depression
October 1929
AND
33
Rise of the National Socialist German Workers Party
(NSDAP = ldquoNAZIrdquo)
bullMunich ndash Adolf Hitler ndash Former Reichswehr NCO
bullNovember 1923 ndash Munich Beer Hall Putsch
The Conspirators November 1923
(to be continued in course 271)
11
Germany expects Wilsonrsquos 14 points to be used ndash it is not completely
Germany looses overseas territory and parts of nation Danzig Polish Corridor Majority of German people feel ldquobetrayedrdquo
Austria-Hungary broken up
United States never signs the Treaty of Versailles bull(1926 separate agreements reached)
Hall of Mirrors Versailles
12
13
League of Nations established (Geneva Switzerland)
Can only use economic sanctions not military force
US never joins ndash nor does Soviet Union (USSR)
Wilson and Republicans disagree
Landscape of the ldquoOld Empiresrdquo altered ndash Ottoman Empire
Treaty demands very heavy reparations
England realizes Germany can never pay it
British Treasury Representative at Versailles (John Maynard
Keynes)
End result ndash No country is satisfied with results of the Treaty of Versailles
America retreats across the ocean ndash Roaring twenties begins
The rest of world and Europe is left to pick up the pieces
Headquarters
League of Nations
Geneva Switzerland
14
15
16
17
A Closer Look at the
Japanese will get from
Versailles
Do the island names
sound familiar
18
19
The Aftermath
The Russian Civil War ndash Councils of Workers = Soviets =
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)
England France United States Japan occupy parts of
Russia
Protect Allied supplies given to the Russian (pre-revolt)
Government
End up fighting against the ldquoRedsrdquo and at times even
the ldquoWhitesrdquo
20
New Germany = Weimar Republic
Left and Right wing groups develop in both Italy and Germany
Revolts Spread throughout the Country -- 1918 - 1923
Berlin under Communist control for nearly six months
Munich under Communist control for only one week
21
Weimar Republic Government =
Parliamentary Representative Democracy
Leader Friedrich Ebert (Social Democrat ndash SPD) February 1919 ndash February 1925 (Appendicitis)
Succeeded by Paul Von Hindenburg February 1925 ndash June 1934 ( Natural Death)
Ω Faced with numerous problems
Ω Hyperinflation
Ω Extremist groups
Rise of Nazirsquos = Hitler
22
Freikorps Restore Order
Para-military groups under a
specific leader
Lack national coordination
Supported in part by various city
and state governments
But Then
23
German Inflation of the Early 1920rsquos
24
One loaf of bread
1 March 1920 = 1 Mark
One loaf of bread
1 December 1920 = 2 Marks
One loaf of bread
7 July 1922 = 500 Marks
25
One loaf of bread
15 September 1922 = 1000 Marks One loaf of bread
2 December 1922 = 5000 Marks
One loaf of bread
20 February 1923 = 20000 Marks
26
One loaf of bread
25 July 1923 = 100000 Marks
One loaf of bread
22 August 1923 = 100000000 Marks
27
What did the Germans do with
the Hyperinflation Currency
Building Blocks
(Early Legos)Heat your Home
Go Fly a Kite
Wall Paper your House to Keep Warm
28
Coupon Bonds issued by German State and City
Governments prior to immediately after WWI in order
to pay the war debts and reparations of the War
Last coupon paid was
125 Marks on
30 June 1922
29
Last coupon paid was
40 Marks on
1 August 1922
30
Last coupon paid was
20 Marks on
1 July 1922
31
Last coupon bond payments were made
in between June ndash August 1922
After that rampant inflation took off
rendering the value of these bonds
(money already paid) worthless due to
the loss of value
Could this happen today
32
German Currency Reform - August 1924
New Reichmark replaced the old German
(ldquoEmpirerdquo) Marks and the substitute
ldquoRentenmarkrdquo
Some stability ndash many Germans were
ldquowiped outrdquo and left destitute
All of this will
eventually lead to
The Great Depression
October 1929
AND
33
Rise of the National Socialist German Workers Party
(NSDAP = ldquoNAZIrdquo)
bullMunich ndash Adolf Hitler ndash Former Reichswehr NCO
bullNovember 1923 ndash Munich Beer Hall Putsch
The Conspirators November 1923
(to be continued in course 271)
12
13
League of Nations established (Geneva Switzerland)
Can only use economic sanctions not military force
US never joins ndash nor does Soviet Union (USSR)
Wilson and Republicans disagree
Landscape of the ldquoOld Empiresrdquo altered ndash Ottoman Empire
Treaty demands very heavy reparations
England realizes Germany can never pay it
British Treasury Representative at Versailles (John Maynard
Keynes)
End result ndash No country is satisfied with results of the Treaty of Versailles
America retreats across the ocean ndash Roaring twenties begins
The rest of world and Europe is left to pick up the pieces
Headquarters
League of Nations
Geneva Switzerland
14
15
16
17
A Closer Look at the
Japanese will get from
Versailles
Do the island names
sound familiar
18
19
The Aftermath
The Russian Civil War ndash Councils of Workers = Soviets =
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)
England France United States Japan occupy parts of
Russia
Protect Allied supplies given to the Russian (pre-revolt)
Government
End up fighting against the ldquoRedsrdquo and at times even
the ldquoWhitesrdquo
20
New Germany = Weimar Republic
Left and Right wing groups develop in both Italy and Germany
Revolts Spread throughout the Country -- 1918 - 1923
Berlin under Communist control for nearly six months
Munich under Communist control for only one week
21
Weimar Republic Government =
Parliamentary Representative Democracy
Leader Friedrich Ebert (Social Democrat ndash SPD) February 1919 ndash February 1925 (Appendicitis)
Succeeded by Paul Von Hindenburg February 1925 ndash June 1934 ( Natural Death)
Ω Faced with numerous problems
Ω Hyperinflation
Ω Extremist groups
Rise of Nazirsquos = Hitler
22
Freikorps Restore Order
Para-military groups under a
specific leader
Lack national coordination
Supported in part by various city
and state governments
But Then
23
German Inflation of the Early 1920rsquos
24
One loaf of bread
1 March 1920 = 1 Mark
One loaf of bread
1 December 1920 = 2 Marks
One loaf of bread
7 July 1922 = 500 Marks
25
One loaf of bread
15 September 1922 = 1000 Marks One loaf of bread
2 December 1922 = 5000 Marks
One loaf of bread
20 February 1923 = 20000 Marks
26
One loaf of bread
25 July 1923 = 100000 Marks
One loaf of bread
22 August 1923 = 100000000 Marks
27
What did the Germans do with
the Hyperinflation Currency
Building Blocks
(Early Legos)Heat your Home
Go Fly a Kite
Wall Paper your House to Keep Warm
28
Coupon Bonds issued by German State and City
Governments prior to immediately after WWI in order
to pay the war debts and reparations of the War
Last coupon paid was
125 Marks on
30 June 1922
29
Last coupon paid was
40 Marks on
1 August 1922
30
Last coupon paid was
20 Marks on
1 July 1922
31
Last coupon bond payments were made
in between June ndash August 1922
After that rampant inflation took off
rendering the value of these bonds
(money already paid) worthless due to
the loss of value
Could this happen today
32
German Currency Reform - August 1924
New Reichmark replaced the old German
(ldquoEmpirerdquo) Marks and the substitute
ldquoRentenmarkrdquo
Some stability ndash many Germans were
ldquowiped outrdquo and left destitute
All of this will
eventually lead to
The Great Depression
October 1929
AND
33
Rise of the National Socialist German Workers Party
(NSDAP = ldquoNAZIrdquo)
bullMunich ndash Adolf Hitler ndash Former Reichswehr NCO
bullNovember 1923 ndash Munich Beer Hall Putsch
The Conspirators November 1923
(to be continued in course 271)
13
League of Nations established (Geneva Switzerland)
Can only use economic sanctions not military force
US never joins ndash nor does Soviet Union (USSR)
Wilson and Republicans disagree
Landscape of the ldquoOld Empiresrdquo altered ndash Ottoman Empire
Treaty demands very heavy reparations
England realizes Germany can never pay it
British Treasury Representative at Versailles (John Maynard
Keynes)
End result ndash No country is satisfied with results of the Treaty of Versailles
America retreats across the ocean ndash Roaring twenties begins
The rest of world and Europe is left to pick up the pieces
Headquarters
League of Nations
Geneva Switzerland
14
15
16
17
A Closer Look at the
Japanese will get from
Versailles
Do the island names
sound familiar
18
19
The Aftermath
The Russian Civil War ndash Councils of Workers = Soviets =
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)
England France United States Japan occupy parts of
Russia
Protect Allied supplies given to the Russian (pre-revolt)
Government
End up fighting against the ldquoRedsrdquo and at times even
the ldquoWhitesrdquo
20
New Germany = Weimar Republic
Left and Right wing groups develop in both Italy and Germany
Revolts Spread throughout the Country -- 1918 - 1923
Berlin under Communist control for nearly six months
Munich under Communist control for only one week
21
Weimar Republic Government =
Parliamentary Representative Democracy
Leader Friedrich Ebert (Social Democrat ndash SPD) February 1919 ndash February 1925 (Appendicitis)
Succeeded by Paul Von Hindenburg February 1925 ndash June 1934 ( Natural Death)
Ω Faced with numerous problems
Ω Hyperinflation
Ω Extremist groups
Rise of Nazirsquos = Hitler
22
Freikorps Restore Order
Para-military groups under a
specific leader
Lack national coordination
Supported in part by various city
and state governments
But Then
23
German Inflation of the Early 1920rsquos
24
One loaf of bread
1 March 1920 = 1 Mark
One loaf of bread
1 December 1920 = 2 Marks
One loaf of bread
7 July 1922 = 500 Marks
25
One loaf of bread
15 September 1922 = 1000 Marks One loaf of bread
2 December 1922 = 5000 Marks
One loaf of bread
20 February 1923 = 20000 Marks
26
One loaf of bread
25 July 1923 = 100000 Marks
One loaf of bread
22 August 1923 = 100000000 Marks
27
What did the Germans do with
the Hyperinflation Currency
Building Blocks
(Early Legos)Heat your Home
Go Fly a Kite
Wall Paper your House to Keep Warm
28
Coupon Bonds issued by German State and City
Governments prior to immediately after WWI in order
to pay the war debts and reparations of the War
Last coupon paid was
125 Marks on
30 June 1922
29
Last coupon paid was
40 Marks on
1 August 1922
30
Last coupon paid was
20 Marks on
1 July 1922
31
Last coupon bond payments were made
in between June ndash August 1922
After that rampant inflation took off
rendering the value of these bonds
(money already paid) worthless due to
the loss of value
Could this happen today
32
German Currency Reform - August 1924
New Reichmark replaced the old German
(ldquoEmpirerdquo) Marks and the substitute
ldquoRentenmarkrdquo
Some stability ndash many Germans were
ldquowiped outrdquo and left destitute
All of this will
eventually lead to
The Great Depression
October 1929
AND
33
Rise of the National Socialist German Workers Party
(NSDAP = ldquoNAZIrdquo)
bullMunich ndash Adolf Hitler ndash Former Reichswehr NCO
bullNovember 1923 ndash Munich Beer Hall Putsch
The Conspirators November 1923
(to be continued in course 271)
14
15
16
17
A Closer Look at the
Japanese will get from
Versailles
Do the island names
sound familiar
18
19
The Aftermath
The Russian Civil War ndash Councils of Workers = Soviets =
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)
England France United States Japan occupy parts of
Russia
Protect Allied supplies given to the Russian (pre-revolt)
Government
End up fighting against the ldquoRedsrdquo and at times even
the ldquoWhitesrdquo
20
New Germany = Weimar Republic
Left and Right wing groups develop in both Italy and Germany
Revolts Spread throughout the Country -- 1918 - 1923
Berlin under Communist control for nearly six months
Munich under Communist control for only one week
21
Weimar Republic Government =
Parliamentary Representative Democracy
Leader Friedrich Ebert (Social Democrat ndash SPD) February 1919 ndash February 1925 (Appendicitis)
Succeeded by Paul Von Hindenburg February 1925 ndash June 1934 ( Natural Death)
Ω Faced with numerous problems
Ω Hyperinflation
Ω Extremist groups
Rise of Nazirsquos = Hitler
22
Freikorps Restore Order
Para-military groups under a
specific leader
Lack national coordination
Supported in part by various city
and state governments
But Then
23
German Inflation of the Early 1920rsquos
24
One loaf of bread
1 March 1920 = 1 Mark
One loaf of bread
1 December 1920 = 2 Marks
One loaf of bread
7 July 1922 = 500 Marks
25
One loaf of bread
15 September 1922 = 1000 Marks One loaf of bread
2 December 1922 = 5000 Marks
One loaf of bread
20 February 1923 = 20000 Marks
26
One loaf of bread
25 July 1923 = 100000 Marks
One loaf of bread
22 August 1923 = 100000000 Marks
27
What did the Germans do with
the Hyperinflation Currency
Building Blocks
(Early Legos)Heat your Home
Go Fly a Kite
Wall Paper your House to Keep Warm
28
Coupon Bonds issued by German State and City
Governments prior to immediately after WWI in order
to pay the war debts and reparations of the War
Last coupon paid was
125 Marks on
30 June 1922
29
Last coupon paid was
40 Marks on
1 August 1922
30
Last coupon paid was
20 Marks on
1 July 1922
31
Last coupon bond payments were made
in between June ndash August 1922
After that rampant inflation took off
rendering the value of these bonds
(money already paid) worthless due to
the loss of value
Could this happen today
32
German Currency Reform - August 1924
New Reichmark replaced the old German
(ldquoEmpirerdquo) Marks and the substitute
ldquoRentenmarkrdquo
Some stability ndash many Germans were
ldquowiped outrdquo and left destitute
All of this will
eventually lead to
The Great Depression
October 1929
AND
33
Rise of the National Socialist German Workers Party
(NSDAP = ldquoNAZIrdquo)
bullMunich ndash Adolf Hitler ndash Former Reichswehr NCO
bullNovember 1923 ndash Munich Beer Hall Putsch
The Conspirators November 1923
(to be continued in course 271)
15
16
17
A Closer Look at the
Japanese will get from
Versailles
Do the island names
sound familiar
18
19
The Aftermath
The Russian Civil War ndash Councils of Workers = Soviets =
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)
England France United States Japan occupy parts of
Russia
Protect Allied supplies given to the Russian (pre-revolt)
Government
End up fighting against the ldquoRedsrdquo and at times even
the ldquoWhitesrdquo
20
New Germany = Weimar Republic
Left and Right wing groups develop in both Italy and Germany
Revolts Spread throughout the Country -- 1918 - 1923
Berlin under Communist control for nearly six months
Munich under Communist control for only one week
21
Weimar Republic Government =
Parliamentary Representative Democracy
Leader Friedrich Ebert (Social Democrat ndash SPD) February 1919 ndash February 1925 (Appendicitis)
Succeeded by Paul Von Hindenburg February 1925 ndash June 1934 ( Natural Death)
Ω Faced with numerous problems
Ω Hyperinflation
Ω Extremist groups
Rise of Nazirsquos = Hitler
22
Freikorps Restore Order
Para-military groups under a
specific leader
Lack national coordination
Supported in part by various city
and state governments
But Then
23
German Inflation of the Early 1920rsquos
24
One loaf of bread
1 March 1920 = 1 Mark
One loaf of bread
1 December 1920 = 2 Marks
One loaf of bread
7 July 1922 = 500 Marks
25
One loaf of bread
15 September 1922 = 1000 Marks One loaf of bread
2 December 1922 = 5000 Marks
One loaf of bread
20 February 1923 = 20000 Marks
26
One loaf of bread
25 July 1923 = 100000 Marks
One loaf of bread
22 August 1923 = 100000000 Marks
27
What did the Germans do with
the Hyperinflation Currency
Building Blocks
(Early Legos)Heat your Home
Go Fly a Kite
Wall Paper your House to Keep Warm
28
Coupon Bonds issued by German State and City
Governments prior to immediately after WWI in order
to pay the war debts and reparations of the War
Last coupon paid was
125 Marks on
30 June 1922
29
Last coupon paid was
40 Marks on
1 August 1922
30
Last coupon paid was
20 Marks on
1 July 1922
31
Last coupon bond payments were made
in between June ndash August 1922
After that rampant inflation took off
rendering the value of these bonds
(money already paid) worthless due to
the loss of value
Could this happen today
32
German Currency Reform - August 1924
New Reichmark replaced the old German
(ldquoEmpirerdquo) Marks and the substitute
ldquoRentenmarkrdquo
Some stability ndash many Germans were
ldquowiped outrdquo and left destitute
All of this will
eventually lead to
The Great Depression
October 1929
AND
33
Rise of the National Socialist German Workers Party
(NSDAP = ldquoNAZIrdquo)
bullMunich ndash Adolf Hitler ndash Former Reichswehr NCO
bullNovember 1923 ndash Munich Beer Hall Putsch
The Conspirators November 1923
(to be continued in course 271)
16
17
A Closer Look at the
Japanese will get from
Versailles
Do the island names
sound familiar
18
19
The Aftermath
The Russian Civil War ndash Councils of Workers = Soviets =
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)
England France United States Japan occupy parts of
Russia
Protect Allied supplies given to the Russian (pre-revolt)
Government
End up fighting against the ldquoRedsrdquo and at times even
the ldquoWhitesrdquo
20
New Germany = Weimar Republic
Left and Right wing groups develop in both Italy and Germany
Revolts Spread throughout the Country -- 1918 - 1923
Berlin under Communist control for nearly six months
Munich under Communist control for only one week
21
Weimar Republic Government =
Parliamentary Representative Democracy
Leader Friedrich Ebert (Social Democrat ndash SPD) February 1919 ndash February 1925 (Appendicitis)
Succeeded by Paul Von Hindenburg February 1925 ndash June 1934 ( Natural Death)
Ω Faced with numerous problems
Ω Hyperinflation
Ω Extremist groups
Rise of Nazirsquos = Hitler
22
Freikorps Restore Order
Para-military groups under a
specific leader
Lack national coordination
Supported in part by various city
and state governments
But Then
23
German Inflation of the Early 1920rsquos
24
One loaf of bread
1 March 1920 = 1 Mark
One loaf of bread
1 December 1920 = 2 Marks
One loaf of bread
7 July 1922 = 500 Marks
25
One loaf of bread
15 September 1922 = 1000 Marks One loaf of bread
2 December 1922 = 5000 Marks
One loaf of bread
20 February 1923 = 20000 Marks
26
One loaf of bread
25 July 1923 = 100000 Marks
One loaf of bread
22 August 1923 = 100000000 Marks
27
What did the Germans do with
the Hyperinflation Currency
Building Blocks
(Early Legos)Heat your Home
Go Fly a Kite
Wall Paper your House to Keep Warm
28
Coupon Bonds issued by German State and City
Governments prior to immediately after WWI in order
to pay the war debts and reparations of the War
Last coupon paid was
125 Marks on
30 June 1922
29
Last coupon paid was
40 Marks on
1 August 1922
30
Last coupon paid was
20 Marks on
1 July 1922
31
Last coupon bond payments were made
in between June ndash August 1922
After that rampant inflation took off
rendering the value of these bonds
(money already paid) worthless due to
the loss of value
Could this happen today
32
German Currency Reform - August 1924
New Reichmark replaced the old German
(ldquoEmpirerdquo) Marks and the substitute
ldquoRentenmarkrdquo
Some stability ndash many Germans were
ldquowiped outrdquo and left destitute
All of this will
eventually lead to
The Great Depression
October 1929
AND
33
Rise of the National Socialist German Workers Party
(NSDAP = ldquoNAZIrdquo)
bullMunich ndash Adolf Hitler ndash Former Reichswehr NCO
bullNovember 1923 ndash Munich Beer Hall Putsch
The Conspirators November 1923
(to be continued in course 271)
17
A Closer Look at the
Japanese will get from
Versailles
Do the island names
sound familiar
18
19
The Aftermath
The Russian Civil War ndash Councils of Workers = Soviets =
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)
England France United States Japan occupy parts of
Russia
Protect Allied supplies given to the Russian (pre-revolt)
Government
End up fighting against the ldquoRedsrdquo and at times even
the ldquoWhitesrdquo
20
New Germany = Weimar Republic
Left and Right wing groups develop in both Italy and Germany
Revolts Spread throughout the Country -- 1918 - 1923
Berlin under Communist control for nearly six months
Munich under Communist control for only one week
21
Weimar Republic Government =
Parliamentary Representative Democracy
Leader Friedrich Ebert (Social Democrat ndash SPD) February 1919 ndash February 1925 (Appendicitis)
Succeeded by Paul Von Hindenburg February 1925 ndash June 1934 ( Natural Death)
Ω Faced with numerous problems
Ω Hyperinflation
Ω Extremist groups
Rise of Nazirsquos = Hitler
22
Freikorps Restore Order
Para-military groups under a
specific leader
Lack national coordination
Supported in part by various city
and state governments
But Then
23
German Inflation of the Early 1920rsquos
24
One loaf of bread
1 March 1920 = 1 Mark
One loaf of bread
1 December 1920 = 2 Marks
One loaf of bread
7 July 1922 = 500 Marks
25
One loaf of bread
15 September 1922 = 1000 Marks One loaf of bread
2 December 1922 = 5000 Marks
One loaf of bread
20 February 1923 = 20000 Marks
26
One loaf of bread
25 July 1923 = 100000 Marks
One loaf of bread
22 August 1923 = 100000000 Marks
27
What did the Germans do with
the Hyperinflation Currency
Building Blocks
(Early Legos)Heat your Home
Go Fly a Kite
Wall Paper your House to Keep Warm
28
Coupon Bonds issued by German State and City
Governments prior to immediately after WWI in order
to pay the war debts and reparations of the War
Last coupon paid was
125 Marks on
30 June 1922
29
Last coupon paid was
40 Marks on
1 August 1922
30
Last coupon paid was
20 Marks on
1 July 1922
31
Last coupon bond payments were made
in between June ndash August 1922
After that rampant inflation took off
rendering the value of these bonds
(money already paid) worthless due to
the loss of value
Could this happen today
32
German Currency Reform - August 1924
New Reichmark replaced the old German
(ldquoEmpirerdquo) Marks and the substitute
ldquoRentenmarkrdquo
Some stability ndash many Germans were
ldquowiped outrdquo and left destitute
All of this will
eventually lead to
The Great Depression
October 1929
AND
33
Rise of the National Socialist German Workers Party
(NSDAP = ldquoNAZIrdquo)
bullMunich ndash Adolf Hitler ndash Former Reichswehr NCO
bullNovember 1923 ndash Munich Beer Hall Putsch
The Conspirators November 1923
(to be continued in course 271)
18
19
The Aftermath
The Russian Civil War ndash Councils of Workers = Soviets =
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)
England France United States Japan occupy parts of
Russia
Protect Allied supplies given to the Russian (pre-revolt)
Government
End up fighting against the ldquoRedsrdquo and at times even
the ldquoWhitesrdquo
20
New Germany = Weimar Republic
Left and Right wing groups develop in both Italy and Germany
Revolts Spread throughout the Country -- 1918 - 1923
Berlin under Communist control for nearly six months
Munich under Communist control for only one week
21
Weimar Republic Government =
Parliamentary Representative Democracy
Leader Friedrich Ebert (Social Democrat ndash SPD) February 1919 ndash February 1925 (Appendicitis)
Succeeded by Paul Von Hindenburg February 1925 ndash June 1934 ( Natural Death)
Ω Faced with numerous problems
Ω Hyperinflation
Ω Extremist groups
Rise of Nazirsquos = Hitler
22
Freikorps Restore Order
Para-military groups under a
specific leader
Lack national coordination
Supported in part by various city
and state governments
But Then
23
German Inflation of the Early 1920rsquos
24
One loaf of bread
1 March 1920 = 1 Mark
One loaf of bread
1 December 1920 = 2 Marks
One loaf of bread
7 July 1922 = 500 Marks
25
One loaf of bread
15 September 1922 = 1000 Marks One loaf of bread
2 December 1922 = 5000 Marks
One loaf of bread
20 February 1923 = 20000 Marks
26
One loaf of bread
25 July 1923 = 100000 Marks
One loaf of bread
22 August 1923 = 100000000 Marks
27
What did the Germans do with
the Hyperinflation Currency
Building Blocks
(Early Legos)Heat your Home
Go Fly a Kite
Wall Paper your House to Keep Warm
28
Coupon Bonds issued by German State and City
Governments prior to immediately after WWI in order
to pay the war debts and reparations of the War
Last coupon paid was
125 Marks on
30 June 1922
29
Last coupon paid was
40 Marks on
1 August 1922
30
Last coupon paid was
20 Marks on
1 July 1922
31
Last coupon bond payments were made
in between June ndash August 1922
After that rampant inflation took off
rendering the value of these bonds
(money already paid) worthless due to
the loss of value
Could this happen today
32
German Currency Reform - August 1924
New Reichmark replaced the old German
(ldquoEmpirerdquo) Marks and the substitute
ldquoRentenmarkrdquo
Some stability ndash many Germans were
ldquowiped outrdquo and left destitute
All of this will
eventually lead to
The Great Depression
October 1929
AND
33
Rise of the National Socialist German Workers Party
(NSDAP = ldquoNAZIrdquo)
bullMunich ndash Adolf Hitler ndash Former Reichswehr NCO
bullNovember 1923 ndash Munich Beer Hall Putsch
The Conspirators November 1923
(to be continued in course 271)
19
The Aftermath
The Russian Civil War ndash Councils of Workers = Soviets =
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)
England France United States Japan occupy parts of
Russia
Protect Allied supplies given to the Russian (pre-revolt)
Government
End up fighting against the ldquoRedsrdquo and at times even
the ldquoWhitesrdquo
20
New Germany = Weimar Republic
Left and Right wing groups develop in both Italy and Germany
Revolts Spread throughout the Country -- 1918 - 1923
Berlin under Communist control for nearly six months
Munich under Communist control for only one week
21
Weimar Republic Government =
Parliamentary Representative Democracy
Leader Friedrich Ebert (Social Democrat ndash SPD) February 1919 ndash February 1925 (Appendicitis)
Succeeded by Paul Von Hindenburg February 1925 ndash June 1934 ( Natural Death)
Ω Faced with numerous problems
Ω Hyperinflation
Ω Extremist groups
Rise of Nazirsquos = Hitler
22
Freikorps Restore Order
Para-military groups under a
specific leader
Lack national coordination
Supported in part by various city
and state governments
But Then
23
German Inflation of the Early 1920rsquos
24
One loaf of bread
1 March 1920 = 1 Mark
One loaf of bread
1 December 1920 = 2 Marks
One loaf of bread
7 July 1922 = 500 Marks
25
One loaf of bread
15 September 1922 = 1000 Marks One loaf of bread
2 December 1922 = 5000 Marks
One loaf of bread
20 February 1923 = 20000 Marks
26
One loaf of bread
25 July 1923 = 100000 Marks
One loaf of bread
22 August 1923 = 100000000 Marks
27
What did the Germans do with
the Hyperinflation Currency
Building Blocks
(Early Legos)Heat your Home
Go Fly a Kite
Wall Paper your House to Keep Warm
28
Coupon Bonds issued by German State and City
Governments prior to immediately after WWI in order
to pay the war debts and reparations of the War
Last coupon paid was
125 Marks on
30 June 1922
29
Last coupon paid was
40 Marks on
1 August 1922
30
Last coupon paid was
20 Marks on
1 July 1922
31
Last coupon bond payments were made
in between June ndash August 1922
After that rampant inflation took off
rendering the value of these bonds
(money already paid) worthless due to
the loss of value
Could this happen today
32
German Currency Reform - August 1924
New Reichmark replaced the old German
(ldquoEmpirerdquo) Marks and the substitute
ldquoRentenmarkrdquo
Some stability ndash many Germans were
ldquowiped outrdquo and left destitute
All of this will
eventually lead to
The Great Depression
October 1929
AND
33
Rise of the National Socialist German Workers Party
(NSDAP = ldquoNAZIrdquo)
bullMunich ndash Adolf Hitler ndash Former Reichswehr NCO
bullNovember 1923 ndash Munich Beer Hall Putsch
The Conspirators November 1923
(to be continued in course 271)
20
New Germany = Weimar Republic
Left and Right wing groups develop in both Italy and Germany
Revolts Spread throughout the Country -- 1918 - 1923
Berlin under Communist control for nearly six months
Munich under Communist control for only one week
21
Weimar Republic Government =
Parliamentary Representative Democracy
Leader Friedrich Ebert (Social Democrat ndash SPD) February 1919 ndash February 1925 (Appendicitis)
Succeeded by Paul Von Hindenburg February 1925 ndash June 1934 ( Natural Death)
Ω Faced with numerous problems
Ω Hyperinflation
Ω Extremist groups
Rise of Nazirsquos = Hitler
22
Freikorps Restore Order
Para-military groups under a
specific leader
Lack national coordination
Supported in part by various city
and state governments
But Then
23
German Inflation of the Early 1920rsquos
24
One loaf of bread
1 March 1920 = 1 Mark
One loaf of bread
1 December 1920 = 2 Marks
One loaf of bread
7 July 1922 = 500 Marks
25
One loaf of bread
15 September 1922 = 1000 Marks One loaf of bread
2 December 1922 = 5000 Marks
One loaf of bread
20 February 1923 = 20000 Marks
26
One loaf of bread
25 July 1923 = 100000 Marks
One loaf of bread
22 August 1923 = 100000000 Marks
27
What did the Germans do with
the Hyperinflation Currency
Building Blocks
(Early Legos)Heat your Home
Go Fly a Kite
Wall Paper your House to Keep Warm
28
Coupon Bonds issued by German State and City
Governments prior to immediately after WWI in order
to pay the war debts and reparations of the War
Last coupon paid was
125 Marks on
30 June 1922
29
Last coupon paid was
40 Marks on
1 August 1922
30
Last coupon paid was
20 Marks on
1 July 1922
31
Last coupon bond payments were made
in between June ndash August 1922
After that rampant inflation took off
rendering the value of these bonds
(money already paid) worthless due to
the loss of value
Could this happen today
32
German Currency Reform - August 1924
New Reichmark replaced the old German
(ldquoEmpirerdquo) Marks and the substitute
ldquoRentenmarkrdquo
Some stability ndash many Germans were
ldquowiped outrdquo and left destitute
All of this will
eventually lead to
The Great Depression
October 1929
AND
33
Rise of the National Socialist German Workers Party
(NSDAP = ldquoNAZIrdquo)
bullMunich ndash Adolf Hitler ndash Former Reichswehr NCO
bullNovember 1923 ndash Munich Beer Hall Putsch
The Conspirators November 1923
(to be continued in course 271)
21
Weimar Republic Government =
Parliamentary Representative Democracy
Leader Friedrich Ebert (Social Democrat ndash SPD) February 1919 ndash February 1925 (Appendicitis)
Succeeded by Paul Von Hindenburg February 1925 ndash June 1934 ( Natural Death)
Ω Faced with numerous problems
Ω Hyperinflation
Ω Extremist groups
Rise of Nazirsquos = Hitler
22
Freikorps Restore Order
Para-military groups under a
specific leader
Lack national coordination
Supported in part by various city
and state governments
But Then
23
German Inflation of the Early 1920rsquos
24
One loaf of bread
1 March 1920 = 1 Mark
One loaf of bread
1 December 1920 = 2 Marks
One loaf of bread
7 July 1922 = 500 Marks
25
One loaf of bread
15 September 1922 = 1000 Marks One loaf of bread
2 December 1922 = 5000 Marks
One loaf of bread
20 February 1923 = 20000 Marks
26
One loaf of bread
25 July 1923 = 100000 Marks
One loaf of bread
22 August 1923 = 100000000 Marks
27
What did the Germans do with
the Hyperinflation Currency
Building Blocks
(Early Legos)Heat your Home
Go Fly a Kite
Wall Paper your House to Keep Warm
28
Coupon Bonds issued by German State and City
Governments prior to immediately after WWI in order
to pay the war debts and reparations of the War
Last coupon paid was
125 Marks on
30 June 1922
29
Last coupon paid was
40 Marks on
1 August 1922
30
Last coupon paid was
20 Marks on
1 July 1922
31
Last coupon bond payments were made
in between June ndash August 1922
After that rampant inflation took off
rendering the value of these bonds
(money already paid) worthless due to
the loss of value
Could this happen today
32
German Currency Reform - August 1924
New Reichmark replaced the old German
(ldquoEmpirerdquo) Marks and the substitute
ldquoRentenmarkrdquo
Some stability ndash many Germans were
ldquowiped outrdquo and left destitute
All of this will
eventually lead to
The Great Depression
October 1929
AND
33
Rise of the National Socialist German Workers Party
(NSDAP = ldquoNAZIrdquo)
bullMunich ndash Adolf Hitler ndash Former Reichswehr NCO
bullNovember 1923 ndash Munich Beer Hall Putsch
The Conspirators November 1923
(to be continued in course 271)
22
Freikorps Restore Order
Para-military groups under a
specific leader
Lack national coordination
Supported in part by various city
and state governments
But Then
23
German Inflation of the Early 1920rsquos
24
One loaf of bread
1 March 1920 = 1 Mark
One loaf of bread
1 December 1920 = 2 Marks
One loaf of bread
7 July 1922 = 500 Marks
25
One loaf of bread
15 September 1922 = 1000 Marks One loaf of bread
2 December 1922 = 5000 Marks
One loaf of bread
20 February 1923 = 20000 Marks
26
One loaf of bread
25 July 1923 = 100000 Marks
One loaf of bread
22 August 1923 = 100000000 Marks
27
What did the Germans do with
the Hyperinflation Currency
Building Blocks
(Early Legos)Heat your Home
Go Fly a Kite
Wall Paper your House to Keep Warm
28
Coupon Bonds issued by German State and City
Governments prior to immediately after WWI in order
to pay the war debts and reparations of the War
Last coupon paid was
125 Marks on
30 June 1922
29
Last coupon paid was
40 Marks on
1 August 1922
30
Last coupon paid was
20 Marks on
1 July 1922
31
Last coupon bond payments were made
in between June ndash August 1922
After that rampant inflation took off
rendering the value of these bonds
(money already paid) worthless due to
the loss of value
Could this happen today
32
German Currency Reform - August 1924
New Reichmark replaced the old German
(ldquoEmpirerdquo) Marks and the substitute
ldquoRentenmarkrdquo
Some stability ndash many Germans were
ldquowiped outrdquo and left destitute
All of this will
eventually lead to
The Great Depression
October 1929
AND
33
Rise of the National Socialist German Workers Party
(NSDAP = ldquoNAZIrdquo)
bullMunich ndash Adolf Hitler ndash Former Reichswehr NCO
bullNovember 1923 ndash Munich Beer Hall Putsch
The Conspirators November 1923
(to be continued in course 271)
23
German Inflation of the Early 1920rsquos
24
One loaf of bread
1 March 1920 = 1 Mark
One loaf of bread
1 December 1920 = 2 Marks
One loaf of bread
7 July 1922 = 500 Marks
25
One loaf of bread
15 September 1922 = 1000 Marks One loaf of bread
2 December 1922 = 5000 Marks
One loaf of bread
20 February 1923 = 20000 Marks
26
One loaf of bread
25 July 1923 = 100000 Marks
One loaf of bread
22 August 1923 = 100000000 Marks
27
What did the Germans do with
the Hyperinflation Currency
Building Blocks
(Early Legos)Heat your Home
Go Fly a Kite
Wall Paper your House to Keep Warm
28
Coupon Bonds issued by German State and City
Governments prior to immediately after WWI in order
to pay the war debts and reparations of the War
Last coupon paid was
125 Marks on
30 June 1922
29
Last coupon paid was
40 Marks on
1 August 1922
30
Last coupon paid was
20 Marks on
1 July 1922
31
Last coupon bond payments were made
in between June ndash August 1922
After that rampant inflation took off
rendering the value of these bonds
(money already paid) worthless due to
the loss of value
Could this happen today
32
German Currency Reform - August 1924
New Reichmark replaced the old German
(ldquoEmpirerdquo) Marks and the substitute
ldquoRentenmarkrdquo
Some stability ndash many Germans were
ldquowiped outrdquo and left destitute
All of this will
eventually lead to
The Great Depression
October 1929
AND
33
Rise of the National Socialist German Workers Party
(NSDAP = ldquoNAZIrdquo)
bullMunich ndash Adolf Hitler ndash Former Reichswehr NCO
bullNovember 1923 ndash Munich Beer Hall Putsch
The Conspirators November 1923
(to be continued in course 271)
24
One loaf of bread
1 March 1920 = 1 Mark
One loaf of bread
1 December 1920 = 2 Marks
One loaf of bread
7 July 1922 = 500 Marks
25
One loaf of bread
15 September 1922 = 1000 Marks One loaf of bread
2 December 1922 = 5000 Marks
One loaf of bread
20 February 1923 = 20000 Marks
26
One loaf of bread
25 July 1923 = 100000 Marks
One loaf of bread
22 August 1923 = 100000000 Marks
27
What did the Germans do with
the Hyperinflation Currency
Building Blocks
(Early Legos)Heat your Home
Go Fly a Kite
Wall Paper your House to Keep Warm
28
Coupon Bonds issued by German State and City
Governments prior to immediately after WWI in order
to pay the war debts and reparations of the War
Last coupon paid was
125 Marks on
30 June 1922
29
Last coupon paid was
40 Marks on
1 August 1922
30
Last coupon paid was
20 Marks on
1 July 1922
31
Last coupon bond payments were made
in between June ndash August 1922
After that rampant inflation took off
rendering the value of these bonds
(money already paid) worthless due to
the loss of value
Could this happen today
32
German Currency Reform - August 1924
New Reichmark replaced the old German
(ldquoEmpirerdquo) Marks and the substitute
ldquoRentenmarkrdquo
Some stability ndash many Germans were
ldquowiped outrdquo and left destitute
All of this will
eventually lead to
The Great Depression
October 1929
AND
33
Rise of the National Socialist German Workers Party
(NSDAP = ldquoNAZIrdquo)
bullMunich ndash Adolf Hitler ndash Former Reichswehr NCO
bullNovember 1923 ndash Munich Beer Hall Putsch
The Conspirators November 1923
(to be continued in course 271)
25
One loaf of bread
15 September 1922 = 1000 Marks One loaf of bread
2 December 1922 = 5000 Marks
One loaf of bread
20 February 1923 = 20000 Marks
26
One loaf of bread
25 July 1923 = 100000 Marks
One loaf of bread
22 August 1923 = 100000000 Marks
27
What did the Germans do with
the Hyperinflation Currency
Building Blocks
(Early Legos)Heat your Home
Go Fly a Kite
Wall Paper your House to Keep Warm
28
Coupon Bonds issued by German State and City
Governments prior to immediately after WWI in order
to pay the war debts and reparations of the War
Last coupon paid was
125 Marks on
30 June 1922
29
Last coupon paid was
40 Marks on
1 August 1922
30
Last coupon paid was
20 Marks on
1 July 1922
31
Last coupon bond payments were made
in between June ndash August 1922
After that rampant inflation took off
rendering the value of these bonds
(money already paid) worthless due to
the loss of value
Could this happen today
32
German Currency Reform - August 1924
New Reichmark replaced the old German
(ldquoEmpirerdquo) Marks and the substitute
ldquoRentenmarkrdquo
Some stability ndash many Germans were
ldquowiped outrdquo and left destitute
All of this will
eventually lead to
The Great Depression
October 1929
AND
33
Rise of the National Socialist German Workers Party
(NSDAP = ldquoNAZIrdquo)
bullMunich ndash Adolf Hitler ndash Former Reichswehr NCO
bullNovember 1923 ndash Munich Beer Hall Putsch
The Conspirators November 1923
(to be continued in course 271)
26
One loaf of bread
25 July 1923 = 100000 Marks
One loaf of bread
22 August 1923 = 100000000 Marks
27
What did the Germans do with
the Hyperinflation Currency
Building Blocks
(Early Legos)Heat your Home
Go Fly a Kite
Wall Paper your House to Keep Warm
28
Coupon Bonds issued by German State and City
Governments prior to immediately after WWI in order
to pay the war debts and reparations of the War
Last coupon paid was
125 Marks on
30 June 1922
29
Last coupon paid was
40 Marks on
1 August 1922
30
Last coupon paid was
20 Marks on
1 July 1922
31
Last coupon bond payments were made
in between June ndash August 1922
After that rampant inflation took off
rendering the value of these bonds
(money already paid) worthless due to
the loss of value
Could this happen today
32
German Currency Reform - August 1924
New Reichmark replaced the old German
(ldquoEmpirerdquo) Marks and the substitute
ldquoRentenmarkrdquo
Some stability ndash many Germans were
ldquowiped outrdquo and left destitute
All of this will
eventually lead to
The Great Depression
October 1929
AND
33
Rise of the National Socialist German Workers Party
(NSDAP = ldquoNAZIrdquo)
bullMunich ndash Adolf Hitler ndash Former Reichswehr NCO
bullNovember 1923 ndash Munich Beer Hall Putsch
The Conspirators November 1923
(to be continued in course 271)
27
What did the Germans do with
the Hyperinflation Currency
Building Blocks
(Early Legos)Heat your Home
Go Fly a Kite
Wall Paper your House to Keep Warm
28
Coupon Bonds issued by German State and City
Governments prior to immediately after WWI in order
to pay the war debts and reparations of the War
Last coupon paid was
125 Marks on
30 June 1922
29
Last coupon paid was
40 Marks on
1 August 1922
30
Last coupon paid was
20 Marks on
1 July 1922
31
Last coupon bond payments were made
in between June ndash August 1922
After that rampant inflation took off
rendering the value of these bonds
(money already paid) worthless due to
the loss of value
Could this happen today
32
German Currency Reform - August 1924
New Reichmark replaced the old German
(ldquoEmpirerdquo) Marks and the substitute
ldquoRentenmarkrdquo
Some stability ndash many Germans were
ldquowiped outrdquo and left destitute
All of this will
eventually lead to
The Great Depression
October 1929
AND
33
Rise of the National Socialist German Workers Party
(NSDAP = ldquoNAZIrdquo)
bullMunich ndash Adolf Hitler ndash Former Reichswehr NCO
bullNovember 1923 ndash Munich Beer Hall Putsch
The Conspirators November 1923
(to be continued in course 271)
28
Coupon Bonds issued by German State and City
Governments prior to immediately after WWI in order
to pay the war debts and reparations of the War
Last coupon paid was
125 Marks on
30 June 1922
29
Last coupon paid was
40 Marks on
1 August 1922
30
Last coupon paid was
20 Marks on
1 July 1922
31
Last coupon bond payments were made
in between June ndash August 1922
After that rampant inflation took off
rendering the value of these bonds
(money already paid) worthless due to
the loss of value
Could this happen today
32
German Currency Reform - August 1924
New Reichmark replaced the old German
(ldquoEmpirerdquo) Marks and the substitute
ldquoRentenmarkrdquo
Some stability ndash many Germans were
ldquowiped outrdquo and left destitute
All of this will
eventually lead to
The Great Depression
October 1929
AND
33
Rise of the National Socialist German Workers Party
(NSDAP = ldquoNAZIrdquo)
bullMunich ndash Adolf Hitler ndash Former Reichswehr NCO
bullNovember 1923 ndash Munich Beer Hall Putsch
The Conspirators November 1923
(to be continued in course 271)
29
Last coupon paid was
40 Marks on
1 August 1922
30
Last coupon paid was
20 Marks on
1 July 1922
31
Last coupon bond payments were made
in between June ndash August 1922
After that rampant inflation took off
rendering the value of these bonds
(money already paid) worthless due to
the loss of value
Could this happen today
32
German Currency Reform - August 1924
New Reichmark replaced the old German
(ldquoEmpirerdquo) Marks and the substitute
ldquoRentenmarkrdquo
Some stability ndash many Germans were
ldquowiped outrdquo and left destitute
All of this will
eventually lead to
The Great Depression
October 1929
AND
33
Rise of the National Socialist German Workers Party
(NSDAP = ldquoNAZIrdquo)
bullMunich ndash Adolf Hitler ndash Former Reichswehr NCO
bullNovember 1923 ndash Munich Beer Hall Putsch
The Conspirators November 1923
(to be continued in course 271)
30
Last coupon paid was
20 Marks on
1 July 1922
31
Last coupon bond payments were made
in between June ndash August 1922
After that rampant inflation took off
rendering the value of these bonds
(money already paid) worthless due to
the loss of value
Could this happen today
32
German Currency Reform - August 1924
New Reichmark replaced the old German
(ldquoEmpirerdquo) Marks and the substitute
ldquoRentenmarkrdquo
Some stability ndash many Germans were
ldquowiped outrdquo and left destitute
All of this will
eventually lead to
The Great Depression
October 1929
AND
33
Rise of the National Socialist German Workers Party
(NSDAP = ldquoNAZIrdquo)
bullMunich ndash Adolf Hitler ndash Former Reichswehr NCO
bullNovember 1923 ndash Munich Beer Hall Putsch
The Conspirators November 1923
(to be continued in course 271)
31
Last coupon bond payments were made
in between June ndash August 1922
After that rampant inflation took off
rendering the value of these bonds
(money already paid) worthless due to
the loss of value
Could this happen today
32
German Currency Reform - August 1924
New Reichmark replaced the old German
(ldquoEmpirerdquo) Marks and the substitute
ldquoRentenmarkrdquo
Some stability ndash many Germans were
ldquowiped outrdquo and left destitute
All of this will
eventually lead to
The Great Depression
October 1929
AND
33
Rise of the National Socialist German Workers Party
(NSDAP = ldquoNAZIrdquo)
bullMunich ndash Adolf Hitler ndash Former Reichswehr NCO
bullNovember 1923 ndash Munich Beer Hall Putsch
The Conspirators November 1923
(to be continued in course 271)
32
German Currency Reform - August 1924
New Reichmark replaced the old German
(ldquoEmpirerdquo) Marks and the substitute
ldquoRentenmarkrdquo
Some stability ndash many Germans were
ldquowiped outrdquo and left destitute
All of this will
eventually lead to
The Great Depression
October 1929
AND
33
Rise of the National Socialist German Workers Party
(NSDAP = ldquoNAZIrdquo)
bullMunich ndash Adolf Hitler ndash Former Reichswehr NCO
bullNovember 1923 ndash Munich Beer Hall Putsch
The Conspirators November 1923
(to be continued in course 271)
33
Rise of the National Socialist German Workers Party
(NSDAP = ldquoNAZIrdquo)
bullMunich ndash Adolf Hitler ndash Former Reichswehr NCO
bullNovember 1923 ndash Munich Beer Hall Putsch
The Conspirators November 1923
(to be continued in course 271)
![Page 1 of 3 Page of 3 The Ireton Informer - UKnightuknight.org/Councils/The Ireton Informer_05 l 2012.pdfType text] Pray the Rosary The Ireton Informer Grand Knight’s Message Prayer](https://static.documents.pub/doc/80x56/5eb0fb83f8ae332faf278dd1/page-1-of-3-page-of-3-the-ireton-informer-ireton-informer05-l-2012pdf-type-text.jpg)
![Page 1 of 3 Page of 3 The Ireton Informer Ireton Informer_10 l 2012.pdfType text] Pray the Rosary - Pray For Peace - Pray For Our Sick The Ireton Informer Grand Knight’s Message](https://static.documents.pub/doc/80x56/5aaf49a37f8b9a3a038d2d6b/page-1-of-3-page-of-3-the-ireton-informer-ireton-informer10-l-2012pdftype-text.jpg)
