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The Establishment The Establishment of theof the
13 Original 13 Original ColoniesColonies
Roanoke and Roanoke and JamestownJamestown
England’s Early Settlement of Virginia
Elizabeth IElizabeth I Reigned 1558 –
1603
Wanted colonies to compete with Spain (mercantilism)
◦ Spread Protestant faith
◦ Provide raw material◦ Be a market for
English goods
Roanoke Island (Lost Colony)Roanoke Island (Lost Colony)Sir Walter Raleigh
asked Queen Elizabeth of England if he could lead a group of people to begin a colony in the North America.
Queen Elizabeth gave Raleigh a chartercharter (a document that allowed colonists to live on land owned by their country.)
Roanoke 1580s – The Roanoke 1580s – The Lost ColonyLost Colony
Poorly planned and Poorly planned and suppliedsupplied◦ Failed Failed due to hunger and
bad relations with the Native Americans.
◦All but 15 men went back to England on a ship.
John White returned in August 1590 to find no colonists on Roanoke Island.
On one of the trees was written CROATOAN.
James IJames I Reigned 1603-1625
Wanted colonies that would economically help England
Wanted to get rid of people who don’t want to follow the Church of England
Jamestown -1607Jamestown -1607In 1606, King James I
gave permission to the Virginia Company of London to try a colony.◦ Joint-stock company◦ First to settle
Jamestown
JamestownJamestown was named after the King James I and VirginiaVirginia was named after Elizabeth I, the Virgin Queen of England.
JamestownJamestown On May 14, 1607, the settlers began building the first English permanent settlement on the James River in Virginia.
Colony led byColony led by John SmithJohn Smith◦No precious
metals found Click Here to see a Virtual tour of Jamestown
Hardship in JamestownHardship in JamestownGentlemen do not want
to work.◦ John SmithJohn Smith – “He who will
not work, shall not eat”
John Smith returns to England in 1609◦Leads to poor colonial
leadership
Not educated in how to plant food in Virginia.◦ The Starving TimeThe Starving Time – 1609
Native American attacks
Disease
Jamestown ThrivesJamestown ThrivesJohn Rolfe – arrives in Jamestown
in 1610
Experimented with planting Caribbean tobacco seeds in fertile Virginia soil.
The cash crop was the savior of the colony of Jamestown and Virginia
Free Enterprise◦ Business not interfered with by
government◦ Colonists farmed the land for profit◦ Private land ownershipPrivate land ownership expandedexpanded
House of BurgessesHouse of BurgessesStart of Representative GovernmentStart of Representative Government
1619 – Virginia Virginia Company allows Company allows creation of a creation of a representative representative bodybody◦Gave people a voice in
their government◦Ten towns sent 2
representatives called burgesses to an assembly
◦ July 30 – House of House of BurgessesBurgesses met at a church in Jamestown
New Arrivals change JamestownNew Arrivals change Jamestown
“20 & odd Negroes, which the governor & cape merchant bought…at the best & easiest rate they could”◦Written by John Rolfe
in 1619
Jamestown – 11stst English settlement to English settlement to use African slavesuse African slaves
A Review of Jamestown A Review of Jamestown (Virginia) 1607(Virginia) 1607Created by Virginia
Company of London ◦ Joint Stock Company Joint Stock Company ◦created colony to make
profit for investors
Many hardships faced
John Rolfe’s tobacco plant created wealth
Created House of House of Burgesses in 1619Burgesses in 1619◦ First representative First representative
body in American body in American coloniescolonies
John Smith
The New England The New England ColoniesColonies
The Migration of Puritans and Pilgrims
Plymouth (Massachusetts) Plymouth (Massachusetts) 16201620
Pilgrims (Separatists) fleeing religious persecution
Created Mayflower Compact
New Hampshire 1623New Hampshire 1623John Mason wanted to start a colony for fishing and trade◦Portsmouth
Expanded by John Wheelwright in 1638◦Some Puritans seek more freedoms
Atlantic Cod
Charles ICharles IReigned 1625-1649
Son of James IDidn’t get along with the Puritans or Parliament
Wanted to help the Catholics
Massachusetts Bay 1630Massachusetts Bay 1630Settled by the
Puritans ◦Great Migration
Absorbed Plymouth
Founded Harvard College in 1636 to train Puritan ministers
Town meetings
John Winthrop
Connecticut 1636Connecticut 1636Continuation of the Great Migration of the Puritans◦Dissatisfied with lack of freedoms in Mass.
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut◦Extended rights of citizens
Thomas Hooker
Rhode Island 1636Rhode Island 1636Roger Williams
kicked out of Massachusetts
Believed in the separation of church and state
Thought the Native Americans should be treated fairly
Roger Williams
The Middle The Middle ColoniesColonies
The Role of Religion in the Colonies
New York 1664 New York 1664 New New JerseyJerseyOriginally New
Netherlands founded by the Dutch 1624◦Taken for its trade routes & commerce
Became English in 1664
Given to the James, Duke of York (later James II)
Originally part of New Netherlands
Became English in 1664
Land sales and religious freedom
Given by James, Duke of York to friends Berkeley and Carteret
Pennsylvania Pennsylvania 16821682
Land given to Penn to cover a £16,000 loan
Peaceful place for the Quaker congregation
Penn insisted on also paying the Native Americans for their land
William Penn
Delaware 1682Delaware 1682Originally settled by the Swedes (Sweden) 1643-1655
Taken over by the Dutch 1655-1664
Taken over by the English when they took New Netherlands
Maryland and Pennsylvania both claimed until 1704
The Southern The Southern ColoniesColonies
Geography drives cash crop prodcution
Maryland 1632Maryland 1632Founded as a refuge for English Catholics
Welcomed all Christians
1st settlement St. Mary’s City
George Calvert, Lord Baltimore
The Carolinas 1663The Carolinas 1663Founded in 1663Groups of proprietorsMost noted Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury
His advisor John Locke helped write the constitution for Carolina
Split into North and South in 1712
George IIGeorge IIReigns 1727-1760
Son of George IStopped the attempt to reclaim the throne by James II’s grandson Charles Edward Stuart
Georgia 1732Georgia 1732Place to send debtors
Keep the Spanish from attacking from the south
Strict rules; no slaves, no alcoholJames Oglethorpe
George IIIGeorge IIIReigns 1760-1820Grandson of George II
Loses the American Revolution and all of England’s North American colonies except Canada