UNIT 2 – THE 13 ORIGINAL COLONIES
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F6SrZ-6cGVA
JAMES TOWN – THE LONDON COMPANY
Company granted a charter
Brought 144 settlers, mostly gentlemen, some
farmers, some indentured servants
What is an indentured servant?
105 made it to North America
Leadership in Jamestown was lacking
Story of John Smith, Pocahontas and John Rolfe
Not like the Disney movie
JAMESTOWN WAS A CHARTER COLONY
The men going to Jamestown were given a charter.
This charter was a set of rules as to how the King of
England wanted the colony to be run
The settlers were supposed to obey the charter to the
best of their ability
www.historyglobe.com/jamestown
JAMESTOWN CONT.
Soon they were sick and starving, ½ died within a
few months
Resorted to cannibalism, even looting their own fresh
graves and fresh graves of the Indians
The Powhatans decided to help them and
introduced them to tobacco – this would be where
the major export began
Soon the London Co. started making $ - indentured
servants worked off debt
WHAT IS A PRIMARY SOURCE?
PLYMOUTH AND THE PILGRIMS – AND THE
MASSACHUSETTS BAY COLONY
This was the group that came over on the
Mayflower – known as Separatists
Wanted to get back to the most pure form of their
protestant religion – were very, very, very, very strict
They were in search of religious freedom
Originally they had fled to the Netherlands
102 People on the ship, only 35 were
Separatists/Pilgrims – today, we refer to the whole
group as pilgrims.
Led by William Bradford
PLYMOUTH ROCK, MASS. While onboard the ship, they
signed the MAYFLOWER COMPACT. This would be the first „republic‟ governing document in the Americas.
They meant to settle in Jamestown but a storm blew them off course and they landed in Massachusetts Bay, too close to winter to keep going.
Like Jamestown, they landed in a really poor area to start a new colony – and at a bad time of year
MAYFLOWER COMPACT
"In the name of God, Amen. We, whose names are underwritten, the Loyal Subjects of our dread Sovereign Lord, King James, by the Grace of God, of England, France and Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith, e&. Having undertaken for the Glory of God, and Advancement of the Christian Faith, and the Honour of our King and Country, a voyage to plant the first colony in the northern parts of Virginia; do by these presents, solemnly and mutually in the Presence of God and one of another, covenant and combine ourselves together into a civil Body Politick, for our better Ordering and Preservation, and Furtherance of the Ends aforesaid; And by Virtue hereof to enact, constitute, and frame, such just and equal Laws, Ordinances, Acts, Constitutions and Offices, from time to time, as shall be thought most meet and convenient for the General good of the Colony; unto which we promise all due submission and obedience. In Witness whereof we have hereunto subscribed our names at Cape Cod the eleventh of November, in the Reign of our Sovereign Lord, King James of England, France and Ireland, the eighteenth, and of Scotland the fifty-fourth. Anno Domini, 1620."
THREE KEY POINTS IN THE MAYFLOWER
COMPACT:
1. Pledged loyalty to England
2. Declared their intention of forming a „civil body
politic, for our better ordering and preservation‟
3. Pledge to obey laws of the new colony
HELP FROM NATIVES AT PLYMOUTH
Squanto and Samoset
taught them to grow
crops and fish
Massasoit, Wampanoag
leader, signed a treaty
with the Pilgrims and
they all lived in peace
Jamestown, Virginia
1607
Colinize-money
Indians help with tobacco
Sent things to spain
Never found gold
CHARTER!!!
Failed- hungry
All men
John Smith
No work no food
Plymouth, Mass.
Pilgrims – religious freedom
Indians help with food/farming
Separatists
Mayflower Compact
Came as families
Representative Government
13 colonies
Help from
Indians, guid
ance from
King James
Came by
boat
MASSACHUSETTS BAY COLONY
Started by Puritans, John Winthrop
In 1630 - Led about 900 men, women, and children to
Boston
In the 1630‟s 15,000 people would migrate from
England to Boston
This colony established a general assembly to
make their rules/laws. The general assembly was
composed of elected officials.
But, they had a royal Charter
RHODE ISLAND
Banished Roger Williams from Massachusetts
He thought people should not be banished for their ideas
Founded Providence, and for the next 40 years
welcomed people of all religious backgrounds, including
Jews
Drew people who were forced out of Massachusetts
Became a safe place for dissenters
Received Charter from the King in 1644
CONNECTICUT
Settled Thomas Hooker, who
became dissatisfied with Puritans
and founded Hartford
Colonists also in search of better
soil, wanted to leave Mass.
Hartford would join with two other
towns and eventually establish
Connecticut
Adopted the Fundamental Orders
of Connecticut, which was the
first written constitution in
America and described a
representative government -
1636
NEW HAMPSHIRE
Very similar story to that of Rhode Island
They left Massachusetts for religious freedom but
went north instead of south
Finally became independent of Mass.
John Wheelwright
1638
CONFLICTS WITH NATIVES BEGINS IN NEW
ENGLAND
1675 war begins with Wampanoag
The colonists would win, now free to expand as far
as they wanted
Region Colony Date Founded Reason Founded Unique Traits
Northern
Colonies
New Hampshire 1638 Mass was too strict – Religious
freedom – wanted to change
rules slightly (from Mass and
England)
Traveled north not south –
(bigger)
Massachusetts 1630 Break from the Ch of Eng. Bc
of religious freedom – wanted
to be more strict (Puritans,
Pilgrims)
Worked, very strict, religious,
VERY VERY STRICT! – Charter
and Congress – mayflower
compact inspired
Connecticut 1636 Better soil – farmer – religious
freedom – (came from Mass,
England – T. Hooker )
Fundamental orders of
Connecticut – first written
constitution in americA –
CONGRESS
Rhode Island Roger Williams – kicked out of
Mass for questions – more
relaxed environment than
mass. (England)
Welcomed every religion –
including other christians and
jews
DUTCH SETTLE MANHATTAN → NEW YORK
Settled by Dutch, originally
named New
Amsterdam, was founded
for fur trapping.
Became a proprietary
colony – run by the guy
who owns the land.
Most settlers settled
around the Hudson River
Valley
Named for the King‟s
brother, the Duke of York
Would be quietly
conquered and taken as a
British Colony
NEW JERSEY
The Duke of York gave the southern part of his
colony to two other English nobles.
They named it New Jersey after the island of
Jersey in the English Channel where one of the
noblemen was born.
Also a proprietary colony.
To get people there they gave large tracts of
land, promised religious freedom, trial by jury and a
representative assembly.
No natural harbors, so did not develop as a major
port.
PENNSYLVANIA
William Penn and the Quakers
William Penn Sr. had loaned the king
money, and instead of having it paid
back, he asked for land in the Americas
Quakers believed in the „immediacy‟ of
God‟s teachings
They thought that you didn‟t need a church
or a minister for God to talk to you.
Instead, you had your own „inward light‟
They were pacifists – meaning they
didn‟t believe in fighting or war, hence
Philadelphia “city of brotherly love”
Proprietary colony – run by the
individuals who were given land from the
king.
DELAWARE
Was originally the southern tip of Pennsylvania
Settled by Swedes and Dutch
The Charter of Privileges, allowed them to form
their own legislature and from then on became
known as their own colony.
Another proprietary colony.
Report to Governor of Pennsylvania
MARY LAND AKA MARYLAND
Haven for Catholics, named for King Henry VIII‟s daughter, Mary (aka Bloody Mary)
After King Henry VIII died his daughter tried to get England to go back to Catholicism, the Catholic colony would be named for her
Grew tobacco first, then said you had to grow at least one other crop, this included corn, fruit, wheat, veggies, and livestock
Baltimore established itself as a major port for Maryland
Mason-Dixon line was established to keep Pennsylvania and Maryland from fighting over boundaries
VIRGINIA
Started with Jamestown
Bacon‟s Rebellion: attacked Native Americans and
burnt down Jamestown – land dispute
would have taken charge of Virginia, but died
NORTH/SOUTH
CAROLINA
Meaning Charles land in Latin
Set up as a propriety colony south of Virginia
Settled Charles Town (Charleston)
John Locke wrote their constitution, but Carolina
deviated from that plan
People in the north and south disagreed and would
form two colonies, North and South
Very rich farmland
Developed Indigo, blue dye, “blue gold”
Many slaves brought for sugar production
GEORGIA
Founded by James Oglethorpe on the belief of freedom, no slaves, etc., he settled Savannah
Was supposed to be a place where English debaters could make a fresh start
Colony set up as a buffer zone between Spanish and English
They couldn‟t hold to Oglethorpe‟s plan and eventually were overrun with non-British and Oglethorpe returned to England
Then, large plantations developed, requiring slaves
COLONIAL EXPORT GAME - RULES
Colony
Visited
Exports
Invested In
Amount
Invested
Amount of
Return
Profit or
Loss
Running
Total
NH List items you
think will make
money
Do not
invest more
$ than you
have!
Amount
invested x the
number on
your multiplier
card
Amount of
Return –
amount
invested
Add the
profit or loss
to your
running
total
EXPORT GAME WRITING ASSIGNMENT
Write a RASP paragraph for EACH of the following questions:
1. What were the biggest mistakes you made in your investments? Why did you choose to invest in those products in those particular colonies?
2. What lessons did you learn from your „bad‟ investments? Did your mistakes change the way you invested in the end?
3. What were the best investments that you made? How did you know to invest in those exports? (or were they just a guess?)
COLONIAL EXPORT GAME ASSESSMENT:
ANSWER ON A SHEET OF PAPER TO TURN IN
1. Which colonies were the most profitable
(not just for your team, but overall in the
game)?
Why do you think those colonies were the
most profitable colonies?
Which colonies were the least profitable (not
just for your team, but in the overall game)?
Why do you think those colonies were the
least profitable?
IOC VOTES TODAY:
SOUTHERN COLONY BORDER WARS
Colonies Involved Results/Solutions
COLONIAL TRADE: THE TRIANGULAR TRADE
MIDDLE PASSAGE: THE SHIPPING OF ENSLAVED
AFRICANS FROM THE INDIES
http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=2E75D11D-BBC0-4698-
A5D5-A4D4A01A904F&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US#
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN COLUMBIAN
EXCHANGE AND TRIANGULAR TRADE
Columbian Exchange
The introduction of major goods to/from
Europe
Includes mostly disease
Involves America/Europe
Triangular Trade
The massive trading of goods to/from
Europe
Includes the “Middle Passage”
Involves East Indies – with America and
Europe
BRITISH LIFE IN THE COLONIES
Ideas changed in England – the
Glorious Revolution led to the
English Bill of Rights in 1689
England saw colonies as an
economic resource
England placed Navigation Acts-
said the colonies could only trade
with England
So some colonists start to smuggle
their products
TYPES OF COLONIAL GOVERNMENT
Charter – had a document given by the king they were ordered to follow, but could sometimes elect their own governors/members of the legislature
Proprietary- run by individuals given land by Great Britain, free to rule as they wished- and they could choose to appoint a governor
Royal – by 1760‟s GA, MA, NH, NJ, NY, NC, SC, and VA were all royal colonies
Directly ruled by britain and the king appointed a governor and members of legislature – colonists could elect a second legislature, but it wasn‟t as powerful as the first
ITS IMPORTANT TO UNDERSTAND:
Up to this point, the colonists still considered
themselves Englishmen first, then Virginians/New
Englanders, etc.
They never would have considered themselves
American
Why? Because England was still defending them
and buying their goods and supporting them
Against Who you may ask?...
The French!! – we have already talked about the long standing
rivalry between the French and the English, here it is again…
NEW FRANCE UNITES THE COLONIES
French Louisiana, named for King Louis
XIII, French, who started in Canada, would travel
down the Mississippi river and claim all the land
they found for France, when this happened Spanish
moved to the southeast
France came to convert the Native Americans to
Catholicism, but learned their languages, did not
ask them to change their traditions, and grew slowly
so they did not kick Indians off their land
Attacks from France would unite the colonies
FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR…
WHEN WE FIRST MEET OUR GREAT
HERO…FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR Virginia‟s Governor sent a young
man to go and tell the French that they were in British Territory in Virginia
He spent 3 weeks with them and came home and wrote a book –the Journal of Major George Washington, describing his adventures
Indians choose the lesser of the two evils, siding with the French
Even with Natives, French were outnumbered and not as strong of soldiers
War was between the French and Indians on one side and the British on another
FRANCE AND BRITAIN CLASH: WHAT WE ALREADY
KNOW
“America was a pawn in a larger chess game”
Kenneth C. Davis
The British and the French have a long standing Rivilary
Little “wars” have been going on in the colonies between the British and the French
King Williams War
Queen Anne‟s War
King George‟s War
FRANCE AND BRITAIN CLASH: NEW
INFORMATION
THE ALBANY PLAN OF UNION
Created by Ben Franklin
His goal was for the colonies to unite against the
French
They also wanted the Iroquois Indians to take sides
with them as well
This plan called for “one general government” for 11
of the colonies. A legislature would be elected to
represent them all and have the power to raise
taxes and build an army
Not one colony approved the plan – they didn‟t
want to give up their sovereignty
IN A 5 SENTENCE RASP PARAGRAPH, WHAT
MESSAGE IS FRANKLIN TRYING TO CONVEY WITH
THIS, THE FIRST POLITICAL CARTOON?
GB DECLARES WAR ON FRANCE
The Seven Years War is fought in Europe and in the
colonies
For the first 4 years, GB and colonies lose, but a
new British general takes charge and turns things
around…
Eventually, New France falls in 1759 for a British
Victory!
THE PROCLAMATION OF 1763
King George III declares the Application Mountains
the end of the colonial territory
This ignored some colonists who had settled past this
boundary
RESULTS OF THE FRENCH & INDIAN WAR
Great Britain defended the Colonies against the French and the Indians. War ended with the Treaty of Paris.
This defense was expensive
British also fought in 4 other wars in the colonies
King Williams War
Queen Anne‟s War
King George‟s War
French and Indian War
Now, the British feel that the colonies should help them make their money back…they begin to raise TAXES.
Washington tried to retire after this war, he didn‟t want to be a soldier any more.
WHY DOES THIS MATTER??
The British wanting to make their money back is
what eventually unites the colonies to rise against
King George III