THE EUROPEAN COUNCIL June 25 and 26 European ...aei.pitt.edu/1401/1/Dublin_june_1990.pdfroad...

THE EUROPEAN COUNCIL

DUBLIN25-26 JUNE 1990

Documents in the dossier include:

European Council Dublin 25 and 26 JuneReproduced from the Bulletin ofthe European Communities, No. 6/1990

EC Summit Leaders Set Intergovernmental Conferences on Monetary and Political UnionEuropean Community News No. 26/1990

EC Office of Press and Public AffairsWashington DC

1 . European Council

Dublin, 25 and 26 June

1. This meeting of the Heads of State orGovernment of the Member States, at whichthe Commission was represented by MrOdors and Mr Andriessen, was chaired bythe IrishTaoiseach, Mr Charles J. Haughey.It first heard a statement by Mr E. BaronCrespo, President of the European Parlia-ment, setting out Parliament's position andpriorities with regard to the main Com-munity topics, in particular the two forth-coming intergovernmental conferences. Themeeting was another success for the Com-munity, and significant progress was madeon several fronts.

With respect to economic and monetaryunion, the first stage of which is to comeinto effect on 1 July, the European Councilunanimously decided that the intergovern-mental conference should open on December, since sufficient progress hadbeen made in preparation for it. The pur-pose of the conference is to determine thefinal stages of EMU, and it should concludeits work rapidly with a view to ratificationof the results by Member States before theend of 1992. On the basis of an examinationconducted by Foreign Ministers, the Euro-pean Council agreed again unanimously

that a second intergovernmental confer-ence on political union should open on 14December. It too should conclude its workrapidly so that the results, like those of thefirst conference, could be ratified by the endof 1992.

The European Council had an extensiveexchange of views on possible assistance tothe Soviet Union in support of the politicaland economic reforms it had undertaken.The European Council asked the Com-mission to assess the situation and prepareproposals for action in liaison with inter-national financial agencies and in consul-

tation with the Soviet Union. This wouldseem to be further confirmation of the Com-mission s international role, after the coor-dinating function in the Group of 24entrusted to it by the Western EconomicSummit in July 1989. Looking ahead to

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the CSCE's autumn summit, the EuropeanCouncil agreed that the Community and theMember States should step up coordinationwith a view to determining and expressing

a common position on all CSCE matters, inwhich they shared vital common interests.A cautious declaration on southern Africawas adopted, the European Council affirm-ing its willingness to consider a gradualeasing of the pressure exerted on the SouthAfrican authorities once it was dear thatthe process of change begun earlier wascontinuing in the direction called for inStrasbourg.

The European Council noted that fulfilmentof the commitments contained in the SingleEuropean Act is fundamental to the processof integration and the establishment of aEuropean Union. It took stock of progressmade in implementation of its provisionsidentifying sectors where further effortswere needed. With respect to the protectionof the environment, the European Counciladopted a general declaration and askedthe Commission to present a new actionprogramme in 1991. The Commission wasalso given the task of preparing a Com-munity programme to combat threats to thetropical rainforests in consultation with thecountries concerned, especially Brazil. TheEuropean Council was convinced of theneed to reinforce the campaign againstdrugs and organized crime, and asked theCouncil to reach agreement before the endof the year on the basis of the Commissionproposals on trade in precursors and on anintegrated programme for cooperation withColombia; it hoped that the adequate meas-ures to combat money laundering wouldbe adopted before July 1991. The MemberStates were invited to develop programmesto reduce drug demand, and Celad (theCoordinators Group on Drugs) was askedto prepare for the Rome European Councilin close consultation with the Commissiona European plan to combat drugs, includinga wide range of measures.

The European Council also agreed toextend for two years the term of office of

Dublin European Council

Mr Odors as President of the Commissionand the terms of the present Vice-Presidents.

Conclusions of the Presidency

Introduction1.2. The European Council , determined to ensurethe continued dynamic development of the Com-munity at a time of great challenge for Europeand the world, agreed to intensify the process oftransforming relations as a whole among MemberStates into a European union invested with thenecessary means of action. To this end it reviewedprogress and laid down guidelines with regard tothe full implementation of the Single EuropeanAct; it agreed to convene an intergovernmentalconference on political union; it reviewed the prep-aratory work for the intergovernmental confer-ence, already agreed , on economic and monetaryunion; and it fixed the opening .dates for these twointergovernmental conferences.

1.3. With a view to enhancing the benefits whichour peoples derive from belonging to a Communitywhich has as its raison d' etre the promotion oftheir rights, their freedoms and their welfare , theEuropean Council dealt with a number of themesof particular relevance to the individual citizenincluding the free movement of persons, theenvironment, drugs and their links with organizedcrime, and anti-Semitism. The European Councilsees action in these areas as essential to the Unionit wishes to achieve over the coming years.

1.1. The European Council, determined tostrengthen the role of the Community in the worldin order to meet its international responsibilitiesreviewed progress in the Community s external

relations and laid down guidelines for future actionin a number of areas. The discussion reflected theincreased coherence between the economic andpolitical aspects of the Community s internationalaction.

Progress towards European union

Implementation ofthe Single European ActI!I References:

Council common position on the proposalfor a Directive on the procurement proceduresof entities in the water, energy, transport and

telecommunications sectors: Bull. EC 3-1990

point 1.1.21

Political agreement reached by the Councilon proposals for Directives on direct taxationof firms

(---+

point 1.3.132 to 1.3.135)

Proposals for a Regulation and Directiveson the abolition of tax frontiers: COM(90) 117182 and 183; Bull. EC 5-1990, points 1.2.2 to

2.5Council agreement on the substance of pro-

posals for Regulations on the second phase ofliberalization of civil aviation

(---+

points 1.3.33

and 1.3.241 to 1.3.243)Strasbourg European Council conclusions

on the development and interconnection of

trans-European networks: Bull. EC 12-1989,

point 1.1.4.Council Decision 901221/Euratom/EEC

concerning the framework programme of Com-munity activities in the field ol.r!:.search .andtechnological development (1990-94) :

L 117, 8. 1990; Bull. EC 4-1990, point 1.1.54Commission communication on its action

programme for the implementation of the.Community Charter of Fundamental SocialRights for Workers: COM(89) 56!!;. Bull. EC11-1989, point 2. 1.80

Council resolution on action to assist thelong-term unemployed: Bull. EC 5-1990, point1.2.

Council Decision 90/267/EEC establishingan action programme for the development ofcontinuing vocational training in the EuropeanCommunity (Force): OJ C 156 21.6. 1990; Bull.EC 5-1990, point 1.2.

Council Directives 90/269/EEC and 90/270/EEC on the minimum health and safety regu-lations for the manual handling of loads wherethere is a risk particularly of back injury toworkers, and for work with display screenequipment: OJ L 156, 21.6.1990; Bull. EC 5-1990, points 1.2.69 and 1.2.

1.5. The fulfilment of the commitments containedin the Single European Act is fundamental to theprocess of integration and to the creation of a

European union. Economic and monetary unionand political union must be built on an area with-out internal frontiers in which the free movementof persons , goods , services and capital is ensuredin accordance with the provisions of the Treaty,where economic and social cohesion is assured,and where the necessary accompanying policies tothe internal market are developed.

The European Council took stock of progresstowards the implementation of the Single Euro-pean Act.

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Internal market

6. The European Council welcomed the goodprogress which has been made in a number offields in recent months, and noted that two thirdsof the measures had now been agreed.

In the area of public procurement it noted theimportant agreement on the opening-up of thepreviously excluded sectors of water, energy, trans-port and telecommunications. The EuropeanCouncil looked forward to further progress beingmade in the area of public procurement, includingthe procurement of services.

Important progress has been made in the financialservices sector. The European Council asked forrapid progress in the areas of investment services

and of insurance. It also asked for rapid com-pletion of work on intellectual property, and effec-tive action in relation to takeovers within the Com-munity.

As regards animal and plant health, the EuropeanCouncil called for rapid completion of the internalmarket in agriculture and foodstuffs, building onrecent progress.

In the fiscal area, the recent agreement on thepackage of three cooperation measures on com-pany tax is an important step forward. On indirecttaxes, the European Council called for adoptionbefore the end of the year of the new V A T andexcise duties arrangements which are to apply from1 January 1993.

The European Council welcomed the adoption ofthe second phase of the liberalization of air trans-port and other important recent advances in thetransport sector. It stressed the importance of sus-tained progress in all areas of transport policy (inparticular cabotage, fiscal harmonization in theroad transport sector as early as possible and notlater than 31 December 1990 and in accordancewith the provisions of the Single European Act, andtransit). In this connection it noted with particularinterest the memorandum submitted by theNetherlands on this subject, which it asked theTransport Council to consider with a view to areport to the next European Council.

Recalling its conclusions at Strasbourg on develop-ment and interconnection of trans-European net-works , the European Council asked that guidelineson this matter be agreed before the end of thisyear.

At its December meeting the European Councilwill undertake a general examination of the pro"gress made towards achieving th~ internal marketwithin the time limit fixed, on the basis of theCommission s report required by the Single Euro-pean Act.

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The European Council emphasized the vitalimportance of implementation of Communitylegislation at national level within the requiredtime limits. It asked the Commission to strengthenits supervisory procedures in this context. It agreedto review the situation at its next meeting.

Research

1.7. The European Council welcomed theadop-tion of the third framework programme for theperiod 1990- , which provides for ECU 5.7 billionto finance the Community research and develop-ment programme over that period. It called forearly decisions on the specific programmes to beestablished under the framework programme.

Social dimension

8. The El1ropean Council recalled the particularimportance which it attaches to the developmentof the social dimension in all its aspects with aview to ensuring that the opportunities offered bythe completion of the internal market are fullyexploited to the benefit of all of the peoples of theCommunity.

Despite the recent significant improvement in gen-eral economic conditions, long-term unemploy-ment among adults and young people remains amajor problem. It welcomed the measures adoptedrecently by the Council of Social Affairs on actionto assist the long-term unemployed, on vocationaltraining and on health and safety of workers.

The European Council welcomed the timetableestablished by the troika of Social Affairs Ministersand the Commission for the presentation andexamination of proposals under the Commissionaction programme in application of the Com-munity Charter of the Fundamental Social Rightsof Workers.

EMS

1.9. The European Council noted the satisfactOryfunctioning and recent development of the EMS.

Economic and monetary union

I!I References:Report of the Committee chaired by Mr

Delors on economic and monetary integrationin the Community: Bull. EC 4-1989, points1.1.1 to 1.1.5

Conclusions of the Madrid EuropeanCouncil: Bull. EC 6-1989, point 1.1.11


Conclusions of the Strasbollrg EuropeanCouncil: Bull EC 12-1989, point 1.1.11

1.10. The first stage of economic and monetaryunion will come into effect on 1 July 1990. TheEuropean Council considered that this stage shouldbe used to ensure convergence in the economic

performance of Member States, to advancecohesion and to further the use of the ecu, all

of which are of importance for further progresstowards EMU.

The European Council reviewed the preparationof the forthcoming intergovernmental conference.It noted that all the relevant issues are now beingfully and thoroughly clarified, with the construc-tive contribution of all Member States, and thatcommon ground is emerging in a number of fields.In these circumstances the European Councildecided that the intergovernmental conference willopen on 13 December 1990 with a view to estab-lishing the final stages of economic and monetaryunion in the perspective of the completion of theinternal market and in the context of economicand social cohesion. The conference should con-clude its work rapidly with the objective of ratifi-cation of the results by Member States before theend of 1992.

The European Council asked the Economic andSocial Affairs Council and the General AffairsCouncil, assisted by the competent bodies , to carryout their work in such a way that negotiations ona concrete basis can be entered intO as soon as theconference opens.

Political unionReference: Conclusion of the special meetingof the European Council, Dublin: Bull EC 4"1990, point 1.12

1.11. The European Council had an extensiveexchange of views on the basis of the examinationand analysis conducted by the Foreign Ministersand the ideas and proposals put forward by theMember States and the Commission.

On this basis, and following a .discussion on thecalling of an intergovernmental conference on pol-itical union, the President of the European Councilnoted the agreement to convene such a conference

under Article 236 of the Treaty. The conferencewill open on 14 December 1990. It will adopt itsown agenda, and conclude its work rapidly withthe objective of ratification by Member Statesbefore the end of 1992.

Foreign Ministers will prepare the conference.Preparatory work will be based on the results ofthe deliberations of Foreign Ministers (Annex I)

. and on contributions from national governmentsand the Commission, and will be conducted insuch a way as to permit negotiations on a conCretebasis to begin from the start of the conference.

Close dialogue will be maintained with the Euro-pean Parliament, both in the preparatory phase

and in the conference phase on political union aswell as on economic and monetary union.

The European Council considered that the necess-ary coherence in the work of the two conferencesshould be ensured by the General Affairs Council.

German unificationReference: Conclusions of the special meetingof the European Council, Dublin: Bull. EC 4-1990, points 1.5 and 1.6

12. The European Council heard a report fromthe German Federal Chancellor on the progresstowards German unification. It welcomed the con-clusion of the inter-German State Treaty, whichwill promote and accelerate the integration of theterritory of the German Democratic Republic intothe Community.

The European Council expressed its satisfactionthat the Commission has accelerated its prepara.tory work and intends to submit proposals for thenecessary transitional arrangements in September.It asked the Council to reach early agreement inconformity with the guidelines laid down by theEuropean Council in April.

The Members of the European Council also hearda report from the Prime Minister of the GermanDemocratic Republic, who was accompanied byhis Minister for Foreign Affairs, at the luncheonoffered by the President of Ireland.

Progress in fields relatingto a people s Europe

1.13. The European Council emphasized that a

fundamental objective of European integration isthe promotion of the rights, freedoms and welfareof the individual citizen. It emphasized the import-ance of a people s Europe which seeks to ensureand bring home in a direct and practical way thebenefits of the Community to all its citizens.

EnvironmentReferences:

Commission communication concerning afourth environment action programme for the

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Community: COM(86) 485; Bull. EC 9-1986,points 1.1.1 to 1.1.8

Council resolution on the strengthening ofCommunity action in favour of the .environ-ment: OJ C 3 1.1987; Bull. EC 12-1986 , point

1.178

14. The European Council considered the roleof the Community and its Member States in theprotection of the environment within the Com-munity and at global level. It agreed that a moreenlightened and more systematic approach toenvironmental management is urgently required.It emphasized that research and environmentalmonitoring must be intensified to achieve a betterunderstanding of the phenomena involved in glo-bal change and the implications of different coursesof action. But the European Council stressed thatresearch must not be used to justify procrasti-nation; the areas of scientific uncertainty havebeen narrowed down, and the implementation ofresponse measures can no longer be delayed.

Following its discussion, the European Counciladopted the declaration in Annex II setting outguidelines for future action. It requested the Com-mission to use the objectives and the principlescontained in the declaration as the basis of theCommunity s fifth action programme for theenvironment and to present in 1991 a draft of thisprogramme. The European Council agreed to askthe Commission to analyse and prepare proposalsfor an appropriate Community programme to dealwith the threat to the tropical rainforests in consul-tation with the countries concerned and in particu-lar Brazil. It also agreed that the Communitywould consult other industrialized countries onconcerted action on this question.

Free movement of persons

References:Council Directives 90/366/EEC, 90/365/

EEC and 90/364/EEC on the right of residencefor students, on the right of residence foremployees and self-employed persons who haveceased their occupational activity, and on theright of residence for nationals of MemberStates for whom rules governing the right ofresidence have not yet been issued(-+ points 1.3.262 to 1.3.265)

Six-monthly meeting of the Ministers forImmigration and the signature by 11 MemberStates of the Convention determining the Stateresponsible for examining applications forasylum (---+ point 1.5.

Conclusions of the Strasbourg EuropeanCouncil on the free movement of persons anda people s Europe: Bull. EC 12-1989 , point 1.1.9

BulL EC 6- 1990

The Palma Document drawn up by theCoordinators Group on the free movement ofpersons: Bull. EC 6-1989, point 1.1.7

1.15. The European Council noted with satisfac-tion that there was now agreement on the threeDirectives on the right of residence.

It took note of the developments as set out in theCoordinators' Report on the free movement ofpersons. It welcomed the conclusion and signatureby 11 Member States of the Convention determin~ing the State responsible for examining appli-cations for asylum, which is the first major legalinstrument in the series necessary to ensure thefree movement of people. It expressed the hopethat this Convention will be signed by all MemberStates before the end of the year. It noted progresson the Convention on the crossing of the externalborders of the Community and urged the com-petent bodies to take the necessary steps to ensure

that this Convention would be signed by the endof this year in accordance with the conclusions

reached by the European Council in Strasbourg.The European Council urged the CoordinatorsGroup to speed up work on implementation of themeasures contained in the Palma Document witha view to creating a Europe without frontiers.

Drugs and organized crime

References:Meeting of the Coordinators Group on

Drugs (Celad) in Brussels on 29 and 30 May,and preparation of guidelines for a Europeancampaign to combat drugs: Bull. EC 5-1990,point 1.2.250

Proposal for .a Council Regulation layingdown measures to be taken to discourage thediversion of certain substances to the illicitmanufactUre of narcotic drugs and psycho-tropic substances: COM(90) 215; Bull. EC 5.1990, point 1.2.

Commission communication concerningthe Community response to Colombia s specialcooperation plan (-+ points 1.4.23 to 1.4.26)

Proposal for a Directive on prevention ofuse of the financial system for the purpose ofmoney laundering: OJ C 106, 28.4.1990;COM(90) 106; Bull. EC 3-1990, point 1.1.24

Economic declaration adopted by theHeads of State or Government of seven majorindustrial nations and the President of theCommission, Paris, 14 to 16 July 1989 (drug

issues): Bull. EC 7/8-1989, point 3.

1.16. The European Council held a thoroughdebate on the basis of reports from the High-levelCoordinators Group, Celad, and from the TreviGroup. It agreed that drug addiction and traffic in

n Council

sources of great damage to individualsiety as well as to States and constitute a

major menace to Europe and the rest of the world.In view of the extent of this scourge and in theperspective of a Europe without internal frontiers,the European Council agreed on the need for acoherent and effective policy at European level. Inthis context the European Council suggested theearly convening of a conference of Western andEastern European countries under the auspices ofthe Pompidou Group.

The European Council endorsed the conclusionsof the two reports and asked the Council to reachagreement before the end of the year on the basis ofthe Commission s proposals on trade in precursorswith non-Community countries and on an inte"grated programme for cooperation with Colombiawith particular regard to the sale and price of

coffee and other substitute products. It welcomedthe Commission proposal to combat money laun-dering and asked for final adoption of adequatemeasures before July 1991 , drawing on the workof the GAFI set up in Paris in July 1989. It invitedthe Member States to adopt legislation which pro-vides for seizure of the assets of persons involvedin drug trafficking.

It stressed the responsibility of each Member Stateto develop an appropriate drug demand reductionprogramme. It also invited the Commission topresent on a regular basis to the Council andMinisters for Health a report on work done in thisarea.

The European Council considered that effectiveaction by each Member State, supported by jointaction of the Twelve and the Community, shouldbe a main priority over the coming years. Thenecessary human and material resources, both atnational and Community level , would be provided

~ an effective fight against drugs and organizedcrIme.

The European Council asked Celad, in close con-sultation with the Commission, to prepare forthe meeting of the European Council in Rome aEuropean plan to combat drugs covering measureson prevention , on demand reduction programmes,on health and social policy with regard to drugaddicts, and on the suppression of drugs traffick-ing, and providing for an active European role ininternational action, bilaterally and in multilateralforums. It asked the Trevi Group to speed up workon the creation of a common information systema European programme of training for law enforce-ment officers from drug-producing and transitcountries, coordination of Member States' pro-grammes of technical police cooperation withthose countries, and the establishment of a Euro-pean central drugs intelligence unit, if possiblebefore the end of 1990. It urged the Group to

proceed with expanding the network of liaisonofficers in producer and transit countries and withimproving controls at external frontiers, with par.ticular regard to the infrastructure problems facedby Member States with a long coastline.

Anti-Semitism, racismand xenophobia

17. The European Council adopted the Declar-ation in Annex III.

External relationsIII References:

Conclusions of the special meeting of theEuropean Council, Dublin: Bull. EC 4-1990points 1.1 to 1.16

Commission communication on redirectingthe Community s Mediterranean policy (1992-

96): Bull. EC 5-1990 , point 1.3.Council Decision .concerning the negotiat-

ing directives for an agreement with the EFT Acountries on the establishment of a Europeaneconomic area (---+ point 1.4.

1.18. The European Council noted with satisfac-tion that the guidelines laid down at its specialsession in April for the Community s external pol-icy are being translated into concrete actionnotably:

(i) the preparatory work for the CSCE Summit;

(ii) the exploratory talks , soon to be opened, onAssociation Agreements with certain Central andEastern European countries;

(iii) the proposals submitted by the Commissionon the renewal of the Community s Mediterraneanpolicy;

(iv) the agreement on a mandate for negotiationswith the EFT A countries, which have now com-menced with the objective of completion as soonas possible, with a view to creating a Europeaneconomic area.

The European Council confirmed the will of theCommunity to act in a spirit of solidarity andcooperation with respect to those areas which, dueto inadequate levels of development, necessitate anincreased level of coordinated and multifacetedintervention by the Community and the MemberStates.

The European Council furthermore dealt with thefollowing subjects:

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The economic situationin the USSR

19. The European Council had a substantialdiscussion on the situation in the Soviet Union. Itunderlined the interest of the Community in thesuccess of the political and economic reforminitiated by President Gorbachev and its supportfor the efforts of the Soviet Union to make progresstowards a democratic system and a market-oriented economy.

The European Council asked the Comrnission, inconsultation as necessary with the InternationalMonetary Fund, the World Bank, the EuropeanInvestment Bank, the Organization for EconomicCooperation and Development, and the designatedPresident of the European Bank for Reconstructionand Development, to consult the Government ofthe Soviet Union with a view to preparing urgentlyproposals covering short-term credits and longer-term support for structural reform. In this connec-tion the Commission will examine the proposal ofthe Netherlands Government for the establishmentof a European Energy Network.

The proposals thus established will be submittedin due course to the Council.

Central and Eastern Europe1.20. The European Council welcomed the con-tinuing progress being made in Central and EasternEuropean countries in establishing pluralistdemocracy founded on the rule of law, full respectfor human rights , and the principles of the market"oriented economy. The European Councilreaffirmed the right of individual citizens to par-ticipate fully in this process and called on all Statesto observe this principle without reservation. TheEuropean Council welcomed in particular theholding of free elections in Central and EasternEurope and expressed the hope that these will leadto a fuller realization of democratic ideals, whichof course entail full respect for the rights of theopposition parties. The European Councilexpressed its deep satisfaction at the progressalready made and in prospect towards overcomingthe divisions of Europe and restoring the unity ofthe continent, whose peoples share a commonheritage and culture. The European Councilrecalled the contribution already made by theCommunity and the Member States to supportingthe process of political and economic reformnotably through the Group of 24, and affirmed itsintention to broaden and intensify that approach.

CSCE

1.21. The European Council reaffirms theimportant role played by the CSCE in the process

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of change in Europe. At a time when our continentis actively engaged in surmounting its divisions,the CSCE provides a necessary framework formaintaining stability and promoting cooperationin Europe and for deepening the reforms that areunder way.

It attaches great importance to the comprehensivenature of the CSCE process, which brings togetherthe peoples and governments of Europe, the UnitedStates of America and Canada.

It welcomes the decision taken by the MemberStates of the CSCE to convene in Paris a summitof Heads of State or Government. The EuropeanCouncil proposes the date of 19 November 1990for this meeting.

For the European Council, this summit has anexceptional importance. It should be an oppor-tunity to define the crucial role which the CSCEwill play in the future architecture of Europe andin establishing a new set of relations between par-ticipating States, based on the Helsinki principles,to be further expanded by new commitments andinvolving a balanced development of the CSCE,encompassing notably the development of pluralistdemocracy, the rule of law, human rights, betterprotection of minorities, human contacts, security,economic cooperation, the environment, furthercooperation in the Mediterranean, and cooper-ation in the field of culture.

The European Council expects that the summitamong other things, will:(i) make a decisive contribution to strengtheningstability and cooperation in Europe, and to dis.armament;

(ii) take note of the results obtained in talksrelating to German unity, in particular its finalsettlement under international law;

(iii) provide a basic orientation for future econ-

omic relations and cooperation in Europe. A closerassociation between the Community and otherStates member of the CSCE is an example of suchrelations and cooperation;

(iv) set out guidelines for a democratic Europeand consolidate the principles of a State based onthe rule of law.

The European Council proposes agreement on reg-ular meetings of Heads of State or Government ofthe CSCE, as well as of Ministers for ForeignAffairs, and the establishment of a small adminis-trative secretariat, as well as the holding of morefrequent follow-up meetings. The summit will alsoprovide the opportunity to consider the relation-ship between the CSCE process and other relevantinstitutions, such as the Council of Europe. Fur-thermore, the summit could take decisions on new


Sub-Saharan Africamechanisms in the field of security and cooperationin Europe, including suitable means to avoid con-flict and disputes, and the active participation ofparliamentary bodies.

The European Community and its Member Statesintend to assume a leading role in this enterpriseand to contribute actively to all discussion withinthe CSCE process.

Considering the importance of the Paris Summitthe European Council has agreed that the Com-munity and its Member States will strengthen theircoordination with a view to defining and express-ing a common position on all questions, in thevarious sectors of the CSCE, in which they havean essential common interest, and taking intoaccount the importance of coordination with theparticipating States and organizations.

Transatlantic relations

Reference: Conclusions of the special meetingof the European Council, Dublin: Bull. EC 4-1990 , point 1.10

22. The European Council expressed its satis-faction with the developments in the Communityrelations with the United States of America, basedon the structure laid down by the EuropeanCouncil in April and characterized by ever closercooperation. They wish to take this cooperationfurther. Their commitment to this further cooper-ajon could take the form of a joint transatlanticd~claration on relations between the Twelve andthe USA and Canada.

Uruguay Round

23. The European Council stressed that the suc-cessful conclusions of the Uruguay Round byDecember 1990 Was a major priority for the Com-munity. It emphasized the benefits for the peoplesof the world by way of improved living standardsthat would flow from the gradual removal of bar-riers to multilateral free trade within the frame-work of strengthening the rules of the GATT. Itreaffirmed the Community s determination to playa full and active part in the negotiations.

Africa

Southern Africa

24. The European Council adopted the Declar-ation in Annex IV.

25. The European Council expressed its seriousconcern about sub-Saharan Africa. The economicsituation in these countries, including debt, isworrying. The European Council, emphasizing thecommitment of the Community and its MemberStates to the development of Africa, in particularthrough the Lome Convention, declare~ its deter-mination to pursue this further and also Its supportfor progress in the observance of human rights andin sound government management in sub-SaharanAfrica.

Middle East

26. The European Council adopted the Declar-ation in Annex V.

Nuclear non-proliferation

1.27. The European Council adopted the Declar-ation in Annex VI.

Iranian earthquake

28. The European Council adopted the Declar-ation in Annex VII.

Cyprus

1.29. The European Council adopted the Declar-ation in Annex VIII.

Kashmir

1.30. The European Council discussed the currenttension between India and Pakistan over the ques-tion of Kashmir. The European Community andits Member States enjoy excellent relations withIndia and Pakistan. They welcome and encouragerecent efforts to de-escalate the state of tension

between the two countries. They hope that suchinitial positive steps will lead to a fuller dialog~eand a resolution of this problem in order that Indiaand Pakistan can resume full and fruitful relations.

Greek economy1.31. The European Council expresses its satis-faction with the initial measures adopted by theGreek Government for the stabilization, modern-ization and development of the Greek economy,and invites the Commission to examine, in close

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the citizens of Member States by virtue of theseStates belonging to the union?

(iii) To what extent will other areas currentlydealt with in intergovernmental cooperation be

included, such as aspects of free circulation ofpersons, the fight against drugs, and police andjudicial cooperation?

I!I Institution~l aspects

(i) To what extent will new or changed insti-tutional arrangements be required to ensure theunity and coherence of all the constituent elementsof the European union?

(ii) How should the role of the EuropeanCouncil, as defined in the Solemn Declaration onEuropean Union and in the Single European Actbe developed in the construction of the union?'" General principles

The following questions should be considered withregard to certain general principles which havebeen advanced: (i) In the context of ensuring respect for national

identities and fundamental institmions, how bestto reflect what is not implied by political union?

(ii) In the context of the application of the prin-

ciple of subsidiarity, how to define it in such away as to guarantee its operational effectiveness?

Democratic legitimacy

It is necessary to ensure that the principle of demo-cratic accountability, to which all Member Statesof the Community subscribe, should be fullyrespected at Community level. The ongoing trans-fer of tasks to the Community and the correspond-ing increase in the power and responsibilities of itsinstiwtions require a strengthening of democraticcontrol. This objective should be pursued througha range of measures, among which could be thefollowing:

I!I increased involvement for the European Parlia-ment:

(i) in the legislative process , possibly includingforms of co-decision,

(ii) in the field of external relations;

I!I increased accountability through reinforcedcontrol by the European Parliament over theimplementation of agreed Community policies;

'" a reinforcement of the democratic character of

other institutions (e.g. specific role of the EuropeanParliament in the nomination of the President andMembers of the Commission, greater transparencyand openness in the working of the Community);

'" greater involvement of the national parlia-ments in the democratic process within the unionin particular in areas where new competences willbe transferred to the union.

Efficiency and effectivenessof the Communityand its institutions

The adequacy of the Community s response, andof that of its institutions, to the needs arising fromthe new siwation as well as from the implemen-tation of the internal market, the attainment ofEMU, the achievement of the aims of the SingleEuropean Act, the development of new policies andthe enhancement of the Community s internationalrole (including its capacity to respond to the aspir-ations of countries who wish to see their relationswith the Community strengthened) should beexamined from two angles: firstly, how to meetthe challenges which the Community faces in anoverall and balanced way; secondly, from the angleof the functioning of the institutions.

The question of the functioning of the institutionsshould be examined at several operational levelswhile respecting the general balance between insti-tutions:(i) the European Parliament: (see 'Democraticlegitimacy' above);

(ii) the Council: improving the decision-making

process inter alia by enlarging the fiddcoveredby qualified majority voting; central cl)ordinationthrough the General Affairs Council; concen-tration and rationalization of Council work ingeneral;(iii) the Commission. the number of its Membersand strengthening of its executive role with regardto implementing Community policies;

(iv) the Court of Justice: inter alia automaticenforceability of its judgments , where relevant;

(v) the Court of Auditors: the strengthening of

its role in ensuring sound financial management;(vi) Member States: ensuring the implementationand observance of Community law and EuropeanCourt judgments.

In addition, consideration should be given to areview of the different types of legal instrumentsof the Community and the procedures leading totheir adoption.

Unity and coherenceof the Communityinternational action

In accordance with the conclusions reached by theEuropean Council in Dublin on 28 April 1 Q90, the

Bull. EC 6- 1990


collaboration with the Greek Government and theEconomic and Financial Affairs Council, measuresneeded to ensure the successful restructuring of theGreek economy and its closer integration into theCommunity.

Presidency of the Commission

1.32. The European Council, in the presence ofthe President of the European Parliament, who willconsult the enlarged Bureau, agreed to renew themandate of Mr Jacques Delors as President of theCommission for the period 1991-92. It also agreedto renew the mandates of the present Vice-Presi-dents for the same period.

Seats of the institutions1.33. After a debate on this question the Euro-pean Council noted that the Presidency will submita proposal for a definitive decision to the EuropeanCouncil in October 1990.

Terrorism

1.34. Following the most recent bombing outragein London, the European Council renewed its cat-egorical condemnation of all forms of terrorismand expressed its deep sympathy for the victimsand their families.

Annex I

Political union

I!I References:Conclusions of the special meeting of the

European Council, Dublin: Bull. EC 4-1990points 1.1 to 1.16

Conclusions of the Council meeting of 7May and informal meeting of Foreign Ministersin Parknasilla , 19 and 20 May: Bull. EC 5-1990,point 1.1.1

Adoption by the Council at its meeting on18 and 19 May of the report on the deliber-ations of Foreign Ministers

(---+

point 1.1.2)

Declaration of the Rhodes EuropeanCouncil on the international role of the Euro-pean Community: Bull. EC 12-1988, point1.1.10

Solemn Declaration on European Unionsigned by the 10 Heads of State or Governmentat Stuttgart on 19 June 1983: Bull. EC 6-1983point 1.6.

Bull. EC 6-1990

Introduction

1.35. The European Council agreed at its meetingon 28 April 1990 that a point had been reached

where the further dynamic development of theCommunity had become an imperative not onlybecause it corresponds to the direCt interest of the12 Member States but also because it has becomea crucial element in the progress that is being madein establishing a reliable framework for peace andsecurity in Europe. The European Council con-firmed in this context its commitment to politicalunion and decided that Foreign Ministers shouldcarry out a detailed examination of the need forpossible Treaty changes and prepare proposals forthe European Council.

Written contributions have been submitted byMember States and ideas and suggestions com.piled. Foreign Ministers carried out an examin-ation and analysis of the issues at meetings in Mayand June with a view to the debate in the EuropeanCouncil on the convening of an intergovernmentalconference on political union to define the necess-ary framework for transforming relations as awhole among the Member States into a Europeanunion invested with the necessary means of action.

The result of this work is set out below.

The overall objectiveof political union

Political union will need to strengthen in a globaland balanced manner the capacity of the Com-munity and its Member States to act in the areasof their common interests. The unity and coher-ence of its policies and actions should be ensuredthrough strong and democratic institutions.

The union will remain open to membership byother European States who accept its final goalswhile developing closer relations with othercountries in the spirit of the Rhodes Declaration.

The transformation of the Community from anentity mainly based on economic integration andpolitical cooperation into a union of a politicalnature, including a common foreign and securitypolicy, raises a number of general questions.

61 Scope

(i) To what extent does the union require furthertransfer of competence to the Community alongwith the provision of means necessary to achieve

its objectives?

(ii) How will the union include and extend thenotion of Community Citizenship carrying with itspecific rights (human, political, social , the rightof complete free movement and residence, etc.) for


Community will act as a political entity on theinternational scene.

The proposal for a common foreign and securitypolicy which takes account of the commoninterests of the Member States, acting with consist-ency and solidarity, and which institutionally goesbeyond political cooperation as it currently func-tions, raises a number of questions, in particularthe following:

.. Scope

(i) the integration of economic, political andsecurity aspects of foreign policy;

(ii) the definition of the security dimension;

(Hi) the strengthening of the Community s diplo-matic and political action vis-a-vis third countries,in international organizations and in other multi-lateral forums;

(iv) the evolution of the transfer of competencesto the union, and in particular the definition ofpriority areas where transfer would take place atan initial stage... Decision-making

(i) use of the Community method (in full or inadapted form) and/or a sui generis method, bear-ing in mind the possibilities offered by the evol-ution over time of the degree of transfer of com-petence to the union, referred to above;

(ii) the Commission s role, including the facultyof launching initiatives and proposals;

(iii) establishment of a single decision-makingstructure; central role of the General AffairsCouncil and the European Council in this contex:t;preparatory bodies; the organization and streng;:h-ening of the Secretariat;

(iv) modalities aimed at ensuring the necessaryflexibility and efficiency to meet the requirementsof formulation of foreign policy in various areas;consideration of decision procedures including theconsensus rule, voting practices involving una-nimity with abstentions, and qualified majorityvoting in specific areas.

.. Implementation

There is a recognized need for clear rules andmodalities for the implementation of the commonforeign policy; the following are to be examinedin this context:

(i) role of the Presidency (and of the 'Troika

and of the Secretariat;

(ii) role of the Commission;

(iii) role of national diplomatic services in astrengthened collaboration.

BulL EC 6-1990

Annex 1/

Declaration by the European Councilon the environmental imperative

.. References:

Commission notice to the Member Stateslaying down guidelines for operational pro-grammes, which Member States are invited toestablish within the framework of a Com-munity initiative concerning the environment(Envireg): OJ C 115, 9.5.1990; Bull. EC 5-1990,point 1.2.

Conclusions of the Council on the revisionof the Montreal Protocol on Substances thatDeplete the Ozone Layer (-+ point 1.3.120)

Fourth ACP-EEC Convention, signed inLome on 15 December 1989:Bull. EC 12-1989,points 1.2.1 to 1.2.

Council resolution of 29 May on theenvironment and development:Bull. EC 5-1990,point 1.3.40

Conference of the Ministers for theEnvironment of the European Community,Central and Eastern Europe and the Com-mission, Dublin, 16 June (-+ point 1.3. 114)

Council Regulation (EEC) No 1210/90 the establishment of the European Environ-ment Agency and the European EnvironmentInformation and Observation Network:OJ L 120, 11.5.1990; Bull. EC 5-1990, point1.2. 115

Commission communication on a fourthenvironment action programme for the Com-munity: COM(86) 485; Bull. EC 9-1986, points1.1.1 to 1.1.8

Council resolution on the strengthening ofCommunity action in favour of the environ-ment: OJ C 3 1.1987; Bull. EC 12-1986, point

1.178

1.36. The natural environment which forms the

life support system of our planet is gravely at risk.The earth's atmosphere is seriously threatened.The condition of water resources, including the

seas and oceans, is causing concern, naturalresources are being depleted and there is growingloss of genetic diversity. The quality of life indeed, the continuation of life could no longer

be assured were recent trends to proceed unchal-lenged.

As Heads of State Or Government of the EuropeanCommunity, we recognize our special responsi-bility for the environment, both to our own citizensand to the wider world. We undertake to intensifyour efforts to protect and enhance the naturalenvironment of the Community itself and theworld of which it is part. We intend that actionby the Community and its Member States will


be developed on a coordinated basis and on theprinciples of sustainable development and preven-tive and precautionary action. We have, therefore,adopted the following Declaration setting outguidelines for future action.

The Community dimension

The obligations of the European Community andits Member States in the area of environmentalprotection are clearly defined in the Treaties.There is also an increasing acceptance of a widerresponsibility, as one of the foremost regionalgroupings in the world, to playa leading role in

promoting concerted and effective action at globallevel, working with other industrialized countries,and assisting developing countries to overcometheir special difficulties. The Community s credi-bility and effectiveness at this wider level dependsin large measure on the ability to adopt progressiveenvironmental measureS for implementation andenforcement by its Member States. The internaland external dimensions of Community environ-ment policy are therefore inextricably linked.

Completion of the internal market in 1992 willprovide a major impetus to economic developmentin the Community. There must be a correspondingacceleration of effort to ensure that this develop-

ment is sustainable and environmentally sound.In particular, the environmental risks inherent ingreater production and in increased demand fortransport, energy and infrastructure must becountered and environmental considerations mustbe fully and effectively integrated into these andall other policy areas.

The Community and the Member States must findeffective solutions to all forms of pollution, includ"ing that created by the agricultural sector, andshould support efforts to promote dean technologyand non-polluting processes and products in indus-try. Better arrangements are also needed to protectthe seas and coastal regions of Member Statesfrom the threat posed by the transport of oil andhazardous substances. This applies in particular tothe marine waters to the west and south of theCommunity, where new cooperation arrangementsshould be developed without delay, with the helpof the Commission.

While welcome progress has been made in recenttimes in the adoption of environmental measuresat Community level, much more needs to be donetaking due account of the subsidiarity principle

the differing environmental conditions in theregions of the Community and the need for bal-anced and cohesive development of these regions.We urge the Council and the Commission to pressahead with their work on this basis. The forth-coming intergovernmental conference should

address ways of accelerating Community decision-making on environmental legislation with a viewto providing the Community with the necessarycapacity in all respects to respond to the urgencyof the situation.

Community environmental legislation will only beeffective if it is fully implemented and enforced byMember States. We therefore renew our commit-ment in this respect. To ensure transparency, com.parability of. effort and full information for thepublic, we invite the Commission to conduct reg-ular reviews and to publish detailed reports on itsfindings. There should also be periodic evaluationsof existing Directives to ensure that they areadapted to scientific and technical progress and toresolve persistent difficulties in implementation;such reviews should not, of course, lead to areduced standard of environmental protection inany case.

Standards designed to ensure a high level ofenvironmental protection will remain the corner-stone of Community environment policy. But thetraditional 'command and control' approachshould now be supplemented, where appropriateby economic and fiscal measures if environmentalconsiderations are to be fully integrated into otherpolicy areas, if pollution is to be prevented atsource, and if the pblluteris to pay. We thereforecall on the Commission to accelerate its work inthis field and to present, before the end of 1990proposals for a framework or guidelines withinwhich such measures could be put into effect bythe Member States in a manner consistent with theTreaties.

Implementation of Community environmentalmeasures and the protection of the common Euro-pean heritage can give rise to unequal burdensfor individual Member States. In this context, wewelcome the recent Envireg initiative, under whichsupport from the structural Funds will be providedfor the management of hazardous wastes and thetreatment of coastal waste water discharges. Weinvite the Commission to review the .overallievelof budgetary resources devoted to Communityenvironment policy, currently disbursed through anumber of separate funding mechanisms, and tosubmit its findings to the Council as soon as poss-ible.

Global issues

The Community and its Member States have aspecial responsibility to encourage and participatein international action to combat global environ-mental problems. Their capacity to provide leader-ship in this sphere is enormous. The Communitymust use more effectively its position of moraleconomic and political authority to advance inter-

Bull. EC 6-1990


national efforts to solve global problems and topromote sustainable development and respect forthe global commons. In particular, the Antarcticdeserves special protection as the last greatunspoiled wilderness. The Community should alsosupport efforts to build into international struc-tures the capacity to respond more effectively toglobal problems.

Depletion of the ozone layer is a major cause forconcern. The Community has already agreed topress for revision of the Montreal Protocol onSubstances that Deplete the Ozone Layer so as tospeed up considerably the complete eliminationof these substances. It is also committed to theprovision of additional financial and technicalresources to assist developing colmtries inimplementing the Protocol. We call on all theContracting Parties to the Protocol to supportthese proposals and we call on States which havenot already done so urgently to ratify or accede tothe Protocol.

Recent scientific assessments show that man-madeemissions are substantially increasing the atmos-pheric concentrations of greenhouse gases and that

husiness-as-usual approach will lead toadditional global warming in the decades to come.We urge all countries to introduce extensive energyefficiency and conservation measures and to adoptas soon as possible targets and strategies for limit-ing emissions of greenhouse gases. We call.on theCommission to expedite its proposals for concreteaction and, in particular, measures relating to car-bon dioxide emissions, with a view to establishinga strong Community position in preparation forthe second World Climate Conference. The Com-munity and its Member States will take all possiblesteps to promote the early adoption of a ClimateConvention and associated protocols, includingone on tropical forest protection.

We are gravely concerned at the continuing andrapid destruction of the tropical forests. We wel-come the commitment of the new Government ofBrazil to halt this destruction and to promotesustainable forest management. The Communityand its Member States will actively support thisprocess. We have asked the Commission to opendiscussions as a matter of urgency with Brazil andthe other Amazonian Pact countries with a view todeveloping a concrete action programme involvingthe Community, its Member States and thesecountries. Elements for priority considerationshould include debt for forest conservationexchanges; codes of conduct for timber importingindustries; and the additional resources necessaryto enable the forests to be preserved and managedon a sustainable basis, making optimal use ofexisting agencies and mechanisms. We appeal toother industrialized countries to join us in our

Bull. EC 6-1990

efforts. In our own countries, we will work toprotect the forests and to extend and strengthenprogrammes of afforestation.

Destruction of the tropical forests, soil erosiondesertification and other environmental problemsof the developing countries can be fully addressedonly in the context of North-South relationshipsgenerally. Nevertheless, the Community togetherwith the Member States should playa major rolein assisting these countries in their efforts toachieve long-term sustainable development. In thiscontext, we welcome the provisions of the FourthLome Convention under which increased assist-ance is to be given to ACP countries, at theirrequest, in the field of population, environmentand sustainable resource development. We alsowelcome the strategy set out in the Resolutionon Environment and Development agreed by theCouncil on 29 May 1990, particularly in regard tothe recognition of the need for additional resourcesto help deal with the environmental problems ofdeveloping countries. More generally, the cooper-ation agreements between the Community and thecountries of Asia and Latin America falling outsiderheLome framework should increasinglyemphas-ize our shared environmental concerns.

The environmental situation in Central and East-ern Europe presents special challenges. We endorsethe agreement reached in Dublin on 16 June 1990

between the Environment Ministers of the Com-munity and those of Central and Eastern Europe onthe steps to be taken to improve the environment inEurope as a whole and in Central and EasternEurope in particular. Remedial measures must betaken by these countries to clear up problemswhich have developed through years of neglect andto ensure that their future economic developmentis substainable. They need the support of the Com-munity and its Member States in order to achievethese objectives. Action already taken within thePhare programme is encouraging but will need tobe developed further, both in the context of theexpanded Group of 24 programme and in thecooperation agreements betWeen the Communityand the countries of Central and Eastern Europe.We look forward also to the contribution to bemade by the European Bank for Reconstructionand Development in this regard.

Personal attitudesand shared responsibilities

Increased public awareness and concern forenvironmental issues is one of the major develop-ments of our time. We note with satisfaction theadoption of the Regulation to establish the Euro-pean Environment Agency, which will providereliable and objective information on the state ofthe environment for the citizens of Europe.


Another important development is the adoption ofthe Directive on freedom of access to environmen-tal information, which will greatly increase theavailability of information to the public and willlead to the publication of regular state of theenvironment reports. We invite the Member Statesto accompany these reports by national environ-ment action plans, prepared in a form which willattract maximum public interest and support.

We urge Member States to take positive stepsto disseminate environmental information widelyamong their citizens in order to build up morecaring and more responsible attitudes, a greaterunderstanding, based on sound scientific assess-lnents, of the nature and causes of problems, anda better appreciation of the costs and other impli-cations of possible solutions.

The development of higher levels of knowledgeand understanding of environmental issues willfacilitate more effective action by the Communityand its Member States to protect the environment.The objective of such action must be to guaranteecitizens the right to a clean and healthy environ-ment, particularly in regard to:(i) the quality of air;(ii) rivers, lakes, coastal and marine waters;

(iii) the quality of food and drinking water;(iv) protection against noise;

(v) protection against contamination of soil, soilerosion and desertification;(vi) preservation of habitats, flora and faunalandscape and other elements of the natural heri-tage;

(vii) the amenity quality 3f residential areas.

The full achievement of this objective must be ashared responsibility. Problems cannot be resolvedwithout concerted action. In each country, every-one government, public authorities, privateundertakings, individuals and groups must befully involved. Acceptance at all levels of this con-cept must be promoted.

Mankind is the trustee of the natural environmentand has the duty to ensure its enlightened steward-ship for the benefit of this and future generations.Solidarity must be shown with the poorer and lessdeveloped nations.

We note with interest the conclusions of the SienaForum on International Law of the Environmenthd suggest that these should be considered by the

1992 UN Conference on Environment and Devel-opment.

All of our decisions matter. The environment isdependent on our collective actions, and tomor-row s environment depends on how we act today.

The European Council invites the Commission touse these principles and objectives as the basis ofthe fifth action programme for the environmentand to present a draft of such a programme in1991.

Annex 11/

Declaration on anti-Semitism,racism and xenophobia

References:Declaration against Racism and Xeno-

phobia adopted on 11 June 1986 by the Euro-pean Parliament, the Council and the Com-mission: OJ C 158 , 25. 1986; Bull. EC 6-1986point 1.4.

Second meeting of the CSCE Conferenceon the Human Dimension (-+ point 1.4.66)

1.37. The European Council expresses its deeprevulsion at recent manifestations of anti-Semi-tism, racism and xenophobia particularlyexpressions of anti-Semitism involving acts of des"ecration perpetrated against the dead, which arecalculated to cause the utmost distress to the living.It is all the more distressing that such abominationsshould enjoy any currency precisely at a time whenwe are commemorating the end of the SecondWorld War.

The European Council deplores all manifestationsof these phenomena. It agrees that vigorous meas-ures must be taken to combat them, wheneverand wherever they appear in the Community. TheMember States will assess the extent to which theirnational legislation must effectively be used inorder to counter them.

The European Council has taken note of the factthat these problems are not restricted to the Mem-ber States of the Community. Comparable out-rages have also occurred in recent times elsewherein Europe.

The European Council also recalls the Declarationof the Community Institutions and the MemberStates against Racism and Xenophobia of 11 June1986. It considers respect for the dignity of the

human being and the elimination of manifestationsof discrimination to be of paramount importance.Such manifestations, including expressions ofprejudice directed against foreign immigrants, areunacceptable. The European Council underlinesthe positive contribution that workers from thirdcountries have made and continue to make to thedevelopment of the Community as a whole.

Against this background, the European Councilrecalls the United Nations Convention on the Elim-

Bull. EC 6-1990


ination of Racial Discrimination, the Council ofEurope Declaration on Intolerance, and ongoingwork in the framework of the CSCE. The Euro-pean Council supports action, notably in the con-text of the human dimension of the CSCE, tocounter anti-Semitism racism, incitement tohatred and xenophobia. The importance which theCommunity and its Member States attach to thissubject is illustrated by the proposals againstracism and xenophobia made in their name, and bythe initiatives on related issues taken by individualMember States at the current session of the CHDin Copenhagen.

Annex

Declaration on southern Africa

References:Commission participation in Namibian

independence ceremonies: Bull. EC 3-1990,point 1.2.

Fourth ACP-EEC Convention signed inLome on 15 December 1989: Bull. EC 12-1989,points 1.2.1 to 1.2.3

Declaration on southern Africa by theStrasbourg European Council: Bull. EC 12-1989, point 1.1.

1.38. The European Council welcomes theimportant changes that have taken place in south-ern Africa since it met in Strasbourg.

The European Council warmly welcomes thesuc-cessful conclusion of the process of bringing Nami-bia to independence with a constitution based onmulti-party democracy and human rights. TheEuropean Community and its Member States willcontinue to give aid and support to the people

of Namibia as they build their new country, inparticular in the framework of the new LomeConvention. They welcome the talks which havetaken place between the Angolan Government andUnita under Portuguese auspices. They look for-ward to the resolution of the conflict in Angolaand also of that in Mozambique through dialogue.

The European Council greatly welcomes the sig-nificant changes that have taken place in SouthAfrica in recent months: the release of NelsonMandela and of other political prisoners; theunbanning of political organizations; the substan-tiallifting of the state of emergency; the commit-ment by the Government to abolish the apartheidsystem and to create a democratic and non-racialSouth Africa, and its willingness to enter intonegotiations on the future of South Africa with therepresentatives of the majority.

BulL EC 6-1990

They pay tribute to the parts played in bringingabout these changes by President F.W. de Klerkand Mr Nelson Mandela. Theefforts.of President

W. de Klerk to bring about a new era in SouthAfrica are testimony to his foresight and courage.Mr Nelson Mandela, a prisoner for 27 years, hasinspired millions of South Africans opposed toapartheid and thereby amply demonstrated hisqualities of statesmanship, qualities that will berequired in the challenging period ahead in SouthAfrica.

The objective of the European Community and itsMember States is the .complete dismantlement ofthe apartheid system, by peaceful means and with-out delay, and its replacement by a united, non-racial and democratic State in which all peopleshall enjoy common and equal citizenship andwhere respect for universally recognized humanrights is guaranteed. They welcome the joint com-mitment between the South African Governmentand the ANC in the Groote Schuur Minute tostability and a peaceful process of negotiations.They call on all parties in South Africa to endorsethis objective. It is the intention of the EuropeanCommunity and its Member States to encourageby every means available to them, the early open-ing of negotiations leading to the creation of a

united, non-racial and democratic South Africa.

Negotiations on a new South Africa should getunder way without delay. The substantial progressmade towards removal of the obstacles representedby the state of emergency and the detention ofpolitical prisoners is welcome. The EuropeanCouncil looks forward to early agreement betweenthe South African Government and the ANC onthe conditions in which exiles can return and onthe definition of political prisoners leading to theirrelease. The European Council calls on all partiesto remove the remaining obstacles to peacefulnegotiations and to refrain from violence or advo-cacy of violence.

The European Council fully recognizes that a newpost-apartheid South Africa should be able to availitself of all the economic resources, includingaccess to external finance, required to ensure itsfuture prosperity and the full development of allits people. South Africa faces acute socioeconomicproblems, especially in the areas of employmenteducation and housing, against a background of ahigh rate of population growth. These problemshave been greatly exacerbated by apartheid. Posi-tive action is needed to rectify imbalances.

Through the programme of positive measures, theCommunity has, for a number of years, been pro-viding assistance to the victims of apartheid. In the

light of the recent developments in South Africaand as .a strong signal of political support to thosedisadvantaged by apartheid and of the will to


contribute toa new socioeconomic balance, theCommun-ity intends to increase the funds beingmade available under its programme and to adaptthe programme to the needs of the new situationincluding those connected with the return andresettlement of exiles. It welcomes the positiveattitude being displayed by all parties, includingthe new South African Government, to such pro-grammes.

At its meeting in Strasbourg in December last, theEuropean Council decided that the Communityand its Member States would maintain the pressurethat they exert on the South African authorities inorder to promote the profound and irreversiblechanges which they have repeatedly stood for.The European Council affirms its willingness toconsider a gradual relaxation of this pressure whenthere is further clear evidence that the process ofchange already initiated continues in the directioncalled for at Strasbourg.

The European Council holds the view that the newSouth Africa, which will have harnessed the fullrichness, not only of its physical, but also of itsabundant human resources, has the potential toact as a stimulus for growth in the southern Africanregion. The European Council looks forward tobeing able to welcome, in the near future, anewdemocratic and economically prosperous SouthAfrica as it takes its proper place as an Africannation in the international community.

Annex V

Declaration on the Middle EastReferences:

Declaration on the 'Middle East by the Ven-ice European Council: Bull. EC 6-1980, point1.1.6

Declaration on the Middle East by theMadrid European Council: Bull. EC 6-1989,points 1.1.17 and 1.1.23

Declaration on the Middle East by theStrasbourg European Council: Bull. EC 12-1989, point 1.1.

1.39. The European Council recalls its long-standing position of principle on the Arab-Israeliconflict in the Middle East. It is determined toencourage all efforts to promote dialogue betweenthe parties directly concerned, leading to the nego-tiation of a comprehensive settlement consistentwith the principles it has set out, beginning withthe Venice Declaration 10 years ago and furtherdeveloped since, notably in the Madrid Dedar-ation. This settlement should be found in theframework of an international peace conferenceunder the auspices of the United Nations with the

participation of the PLO. The European Councilexpresses its support for every effort by the perma-nent members of the Security Council to create aclimate of confidence between the parties andin this way, to facilitate the convening of theinternational peace conference.

The European Council welcomes the commitmentto continuing the. peace process expressed in theletter to the ,President of the European Councilfrom the Prime Minister of Israel. The EuropeanCouncil hopes that it will be followed in practice.It stresses the urgent need for Israel to begin' apolitical dialogue with the Palestinian peoplewhich could lead to a comprehensive, just andlasting settlement to the Arab-Israeli conflict. Sucha settlement should be on the basis of resolutions

242 and 338 of the Security Council based on theprinciple of ' land for peace

The European Council stresses that all parties havea responsibility to refrain from actions or state-ments which might impede steps towards dialogueand negotiation. Those who would choose violentover peaceful means for achieving political objec-tives cannot be allowed to prevail. Neither thetaking of human life, whatever the circumstances,nor violence against civilians can play any part inachieving peace and reconciliation.

Threats of war and of the use of weapons of massdestruction serve only to increase tension in theregion and should he eschewed. The Communityand its Member States have consistently con-demned both threats and actS of violence in theregion, whatever their origin. In such a delicatesituation, all channels of dialogue and negotiationshould be kept open.

The European Council is concerned that, by mak-ing territorial compromise ever more difficultIsrael' s settlement policy in the Occupied Territor-ies presents a growing obstacle to peace in theregion. Reiterating that Jewish settlements in theterritories occupied by Israel since 1967, includingEast Jerusalem, are illegal under international lawit calls earnestly on the Government of Israel notto permit settlements there. The European Councilrecognizes and supports the right of Soviet Jewsto emigrate to Israel and elsewhere. It is , howeverfirmly of the view that this right must not beimplemented at the expense of the rights of thePalestinians in the Occupied Territories.

Recent events underline once again that the statusquo in the Occupied Territories is untenable. Thelamentable position concerning the observance ofhuman rights in the Occupied Territories has ledthe Community and its Member States to set outrepeatedly their concern. They are resolved to stepup their already significant support for the protec-

Bull. EC 6-1990


tion of the human rights of the population of theOccupied Territories.In the present situation, and particularly withregard to the protection of the population, theUnited Nations, too, can and should playa usefulrole. The European Council supports a role of theUnited Nations.

The European Council refers to the obligation onParties to the Geneva Convention Relative to theProtection of Civilian Persons in Time of War torespect and to enSUre respect for its provisions.The Twelve have repeatedly called on Israel toadhere to its obligations towards the Palestinian

population in the territory under its occupation

which is protected by that Convention. They haveobserved that it has notably failed to do so in

number of important areas. Concerned that thehuman rights of the population of the OccupiedTerritories continue to be inadequately protectedthe European Council calls for futher action, in

accordance with the Convention, to ensure thatprotection.The European Council has reviewed the rangeof actions taken on the basis of the StrasbourgDeclaration in order to arrest the deterioration ofthe economic and social situation in the OccupiedTerritories and to help to preserve the future ofPalestinian society. It notes with satisfaction thesignificant increase of Community aid, particularlyin the 1990 programme of direct aid which isready for adoption. It confirms its determination todouble direct Community aid by 1992.

The European Council also expresses its satisfac-tion with the growth in exports of agriculturalproduce from the Occupied Territories to theCommunity. It invites the Community institutionsto take appropriate action for a rapid furtherimprovement of the conditions of access to theCommunity market for Palestinian products andto examine further possibilities for increasing tradebetween the Community and the Occupied Terri-tories.

As an expression of the importance which theEuropean Council attaches to facilitating thespeedy and efficient implementation of the Com-munity s expanding programme for the benefit ofthe population of the Occupied Territories, the

Commission is invited to appoint a representativeto the Occupied Territories for this purpose at anearly date.

Annex VI

Declarationon nuclear non-proliferation1.10. The European Council strongly supportsand is fully committed to the objective of nuclear

BulL EC 6-1990

non-proliferation. It believes that the furtherspread of nuclear weapons or other nuclear explos-ive devices would endanger stability and threatenregional and global security. The EuropeanCouncil attaches the greatest importance to themaintenance of an effective international nuclearnon-proliferation regime and will make everyeffort to contribute to strengthening non-prolifer-ation and encouraging the participation of furthercountries in the regime. The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) is animportant element in that regime. The 12 MemberStates of the European Community, parties to theNPT .Or not, will work actively to Secure a success-ful outcome to the discussions which will takeplace in the forthcoming months, and in particularthe deliberations of the Fourth Review Conferenceof the NPT, and hope that those discussions willprovide stable and assured solutions to the prob-lems encountered by the international communityin preventing the spread of nuclear weapons. TheEuropean Council expresses its concern that thereis a continuing risk that further countries mayacquire nuclear weapons and that a number countries remain outside the non-proliferationregime. It calls on all States to join in efforts toeliminate this risk of nuclear proliferation.

The European Council recognizes the indispens-able role played by the IAEA and its safeguards inthe development of the peaceful uses of nuclearenergy. It recognizes that these safeguards are thecornerstone of an effective non-proliferationregime. The European Council reaffirms the needfor the peaceful application of nuclear energy to

take place under credible, effective and efficientinternational safeguards. In this connection, itrecalls the important contribution of Euratomsafeguards. For their part, the 12 Member Statesof the Community have accepted, in accordance

with their respective individual status, the exerciseof international controls on their nuclear instal-lations and apply constraints to their export poli-cies. The European Council strongly supports theapplication of safeguards on as universal a basisas possible. It calls on other States to subscribe tosimilar commitments.

The European Council believes in the need for anequitable and stable framework for internationalnuclear trade. The 12 Member States of the Euro-pean Community have collectively adhered to theNuclear Suppliers Group Guidelines, therebyassuming a basic common discipline for theirnuclear exports. The European Council expressesthe hope that other countries will conduct theirnuclear export policies on a similar basis. Withinthe framework of guidelines for nuclear trade, theEuropean Council wishes to cooperate with allcountries, especially developing countries. Whilemaintaining and further developing the existing


non-proliferation regime, the European Councilwill work to uphold the right of all countries tothe development of research, production and useof nuclear energy for peaceful purposes.

In a context where stveral countries in variousregions of the world perceive an increasing rolefor nuclear energy, the European Council believesthat the development of the peaceful uses ofnuclear energy should be inseparable from necess-

ary action to eliminate the risk of proliferation ofnuclear arms, and should be accompanied by theutmost attention to safety. In that regard the 12Member States of the European Community haveproposed that the IAEA convene a technical con-ference in 1991, to review the situation in thefield of nuclear safety as well as to formulaterecommendations on further measures for improv-ing safety in order to supplement existing measuresin this field.

The European Council reaffirms once again itssupport for the objective of the non-proliferationof nuclear weapons and will continue to work ina spirit of dialogue and cooperation in order toenlarge the international consensus in favour of aneffective non-proliferation regime.

Annex VII

Declaration on the Iranian earthquakeI!I Referek'ce: Emergency aid granted by the Com-

missior! (---+ point 1.4.44)

1.41. The European Council expresses its pro-found sympathy to the Government and people of

the Islamic Republic of Iran at the terrible loss oflife, injuries and devastation caused by the earth-quake in nOrth-west Iran on 21 June.

The Community .and its Member States wish togive all possible assistance to the victims of thisdisaster. They have already begun a substantialprogramme of relief and will give every consider-ation to immediate further aid and to reconstruc-tion assistance.

The European Council conveys the deep sympathyof the people of the European Community to theinjured and condolences to those families andfriends who have been bereaved.

Annex VIII

Declaration on Cyprus1.12. The European Council.discussed the Cyprusquestion in the light of the impasse in the intercom-munal dialogue.The European Council, deeply concerned at thesituation, fully reaffirms its previous declarationsand its support for the unity, independence, sover-eignty and territorial integrity of Cyprus in accord-ance with the relevant UN resolutions. Reiteratingthat the Cyprus problem affects EC- Turkeyrelations and bearing in mind the importance ofthese relations, it stresses the need for the promptelimination of the obstacles that are preventing thepursuit of .effective intercommunal talks aimed atfinding a just and viable solution to the questionof Cyprus on the basis of the mission of goodoffices of the Secretary-General, as it was recentlyreaffirmed by Resolution 649/90 of the SecurityCouncil.

Bull. EC 6-1990

European Community

No. UI9OJune 27, 1990

E.C SUMMIT LEADERS SET INtERGOVERNME.NrAL CONFERENCESON MONE:rARY AND POUTICAL UNION

EUropean Community summit leaders meeting in Dublin June 25-26 agreed unanimously to open anIntergovernmental Conference on Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and a second Conference on PoliticalUnion in December 1990. Marking the end of Ireland's term in the rotating E.C. Council Presidency, thesummit also called for continued progress toward completion of the single market program, for concretemeasures to protect the environment, and for greater cooperation in combatting the international drugproblem.

Further reinforcing the E.C. Commission s role as coordinator of Western aid to Eastern Europe, the 12 E.Heads of State or Government also asked the Commission to evaluate the situation in the Soviet Union and toprepare potential action, in liaison with international fmancialinstitutions and in consultation with theSoviet Union, to support political and economic reforms there. They also agreed to strengthen coordinationwith the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) and made major .decJarations on SouthernAfrica and the Middle East.

The European Council, which meets tw.ce a year in each of the member states holding the six-month CouncilPresidency, also agreed to the reappointment of Jacques Delors as President of the Commission, and of eachof the Vice Presidents, to a further two-year term. The summit conclusions follow:

EUROPEAN COUNCIL PRESIDENCY CONCLUSIONS

The European Council heard a statement by Mr. BARON, the President of the European Parliament, in which he set out theParliament' s position and priorities with regard to the main Community topics in particular the two forthcomingIntergovernmental Conferences.

INTRODUcnON

The European Council, determined to ensure the continued dynamic development of the Community at a time ofgreat challenge for Europe and the world, agreed to intensify the process of transforming relations as a whole amongMember States into a European Union invested with the necessary means of action. To this end it reviewedprogress and laid down guidelines with regard to the full implementation of the Single European Act; it agreed toconvene an Intergovernmental Conference on Political Union; it reviewed the preparatory work for theIntergovernmental Conference, already agreed, on Economic and Monetary Union; and it fIXed the opening dates forthese two Intergovernmental Conferences.

With a view to enhancing the benefits which our peoples derive from belonging to a Community which has as itsraison d'etre the promotion of their rights, their freedoms and their welfare, the European Council dealt with anumber of themes of particular relevance to the individual citizen including the free movement of persons, theenvironment, drugs and their links with organized crime, and anti-semitism. The European Council sees action inthese areas as essential to the Union it wishes to achieve over the coming years.

. . / . .

EC OFFiCE OF ~)RESS AND PIJSlIC AffAIRSWWlI'i11'l~to!1: 2100 M Street NW Seventh Floor Washington DC 200371 telephone (202) 862-9500 telex 64215 EURCOM-New Yom: 3 Dag Hammarskjold Plaza 305 E 47th Street New York NY 100171 telephone (212) 371-38041 telex 661100 EURCOM-NYK

The European Council, determined to strengthen the role of the Community m the world in order to meet itsmternational responsibilities, reviewed progressm the Community's, external relations and laid down guidelines forfuture action m a number of areas. TIle discussion reflected the mcreased coherence between the economic and thepolitical aspects of the Community' s international action.

PROGRESS TOWARDS EUROPEAN UNION

Implementation of the Smgle European Act

The fulfilment of the commitments comained m the Single Act is fundamental to the process ofmtegration and to thecreation of a European Union. Economic and Monetary Union and Political Union must be built on an area withoutmternal trontiersm which the free movement of persons, goods, services and capital is ensured m accordance with theprovisions of the Treaty, where economic and social cohesion is assured, and where the necessary accompanymg policies tothe Internal Market are developed.

The European Council took stock of progress towards the implementation of the Single European Act.

Internal Market

The European Council welcomed the good rogress which has been made in a number of fields m recent monthsand noted that two thirds of the measures ha now been agreed.

In the area of public procurement it noted the important agreement on the opening up of the previously excludedsectors of water, energy, transport and telecommunications. TIle European Council looked forward to furtherprogress bemg made in the area of public procurement includmg the procurement of services.

Important progress has been made in the financial services sector. The European Council asked for rapid progressin the areas of investment services and of insurance. It also asked for rapid completion of work on intellectualproperty, and effective action m relation to takeovers within the Community.

As regards animal and plant health, the European Council called for rapid completion of the internal market magriculture and foodstuffs building on recent progress.

In the fiscal area, the recent agreement on the package of three cooperation measures on company tax is animportant step forward. On mdirect taxes the European Council called for adoption before the end of the year of thenew value-added tax (VAT) and excise duties arrangements which are to apply from 1 January 1993.

The European Council welcomed the adoption of the second phase of the liberalisation of air transport and otherimportant recent advances in the transport sector. It stressed the importance of sustained progress m all areas oftransport policy (in particular cabotage" fJScal hannonisation m the road transport sector as early as possible and notlater than 31.12.1990 and in accordance with the provisions of the Single European Act, and transit). In thisconnection it noted with particular interest the memorandum submitted by the Netherlands on this subject, which itasked the Transport Council to consider with a view to a report to the next European Council.

Recallmg its conclusions at Strasbourg on development and mterconnection of trans-European networks, theEuropean Council asked that guidelmes on this matter be agreed before the end of this year.

At its December meetmg the European Council will undertake a general exammation of the progress made towardsachieving the Internal Market within the time limit fixed, On the basis of the Commission s Report required by theSingle European Act.

The European Council emphasised the vital importance of implementation of Community legislation at nationallevel within the required tune limits. It asked the Commission to strengthen its SUperviSOry procedures m thiscontext. It agreed to review the situation at its next meeting.

Research

The European Council welcomed the adoption of the Third Framework Program for the period 1990-94, whichprovides for 5.7 billion ECU to finance the Community research and development program over that period. called for early decisions on the specific programs to be established under the Framework Program.

Social Dimension

The European Council recalled the particular iI11portance which it attaches to the development of the socialdimension in all its aspects with a view to ensuring that the opportunities offered by the completion of the InternalMarket are fully exploited to the benefit of all of the peoples of the Community.

Despite the recent significant improvement in general economic conditions, long-term unemployment among adultsand young people remains a major problem. It welcomed the measures adopted recently by the Council of SocialAffairs on action to assist the long-term unemployed, on vocational training and on health and safety of workers.

The European Council welcomed the tiI11etable established by the Troika of Social Affairs Ministers and theomission for the presentation and examination of proposals under the Commission s Action Program in applicationof the "Community Charter of the Fundamental Social Rights of Workers

European Monetary System (EMS)

The European Council noted the satisfactory functioning and recent development of the EMS.

Economic and Monetary Union

The first stage of Economic and Monetary Union will come into effect on 1st July 1990. The European Council consideredthat this stage should be used to ensure convergence in the economic performance of Member States, to advance cohesionand to further the use of the Bcu, all of which are of importance for the further progress towards EMU.

The European Council reviewed the preparation of the forthcoming Intergovermnental Conference. It noted that all therelevant issues are now being fully and thoroughly clarified, with the constructive contribution of all Member States, andthat common ground is emerging in a number of fields. In these circumstances the European Council decided that theIntergovermnental Conference will open on 13th December 1990 with a view to establishing the final stages of Economicand Monetary Union in the perspective of the completion of the Internal Market .and in the context of economic and socialcohesion. The Conference should conclude its work rapidly with the objective of ratification of the results by MemberStates before the end of 1992.

The European Council asked the EconomiclFinancial Council and the General Affairs Council assisted by the competentbodies to carry out their work in such a way that negotiations on a concrete basis can be entered into as soon as theConference opens.

Political Union

The European Council had an extensive exchange of views on the basis of the examination and analysis conducted byForeign Ministers and the ideas and proposals put forward by Member States and the Commission.

On this basis, and following a discussion on the calling of an Intergovermnental Conference on Political Union, thePresident of the European Council noted the agreement to convene such a Conference under Article 236 of the Treaty. TheConference will open on 14 December 1990. It will adopt its own agenda, and conclude its work rapidly with the objectiveof ratification by Member States before the end of 1992.

Foreign Ministers will prepare the Conference. Preparatory work will be based on the results of the deliberations ofForeign Ministers (Annex I) and on contributions from national govermnents and the Commission, and will be conducted insuch a way as to permit negotiations on a concrete basis to begin from the start of the Conference.

Close dialogue will be maintained with the European Parliament both in the preparatory phase and in the conference phaseon Political Union as well as on Economic and Monetary Union.

The European Council considered that the necessary coherence in the work of the two Conferences should be ensured bythe General Affairs Council.

German Unification

The European Council heard a report from the German Federal Chancellor on the progress towards German unification. Itwelcomed the conclusion of the inter-German State Treaty which will promote and accelerate the integration of theterritory of the German Democratic Republic into the Community.

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The European Council expressed its satisfaction that the Commission has accelerated its preparatory work and intends tosubmit proposals for the necessary transitional anangements in September. It asked the Council to reach early agreement inconformity with the guidelines laid down by the European Council in April.

The Members of the EuroRean Council also heard a report from the Prime Minister of German Democratic Republic whowas accompanied by his Minister for Foreign Affairs at the luncheon offered by the President of Ireland.

PROGRESS IN FIELDS RELATING TO A PEOPLES EUROPE

The European Council emphasised that a fundamental objective of European integration is the promotion of the rights,freedoms and welfare of the individual citizen. It emphasised the importance of a People s Europe which seeks to ensureand bring home in a direct and practical way the benefit of the Community to all its citizens.

Environment

The European Council considered the role of the Community and its Member States in the protection of the environmentwithin the Community and at the global level. It agreed that a more enIightenedand more systematic approach toenvironmental management is urgently required. It emphasised that research and environmental monitoring must beintensified to achieve a better understanding of the phenomena involved in global change and the implications of differentcourses of action. But the European Council stressed that research must not be used to justify procrastination; the areas ofscientific uncertainty have been narrowed down and the implementation of response measures can no longer be delayed.

Following its discussion the European Council adopted the declaration in Annex II - setting out guidelines

..

for futureaction. It requested the Commission to . use the objectives and the principles contained in the declaration as the basis of theCommunity s 5th Action Program for the Environment and to present in 1991 a draft of this program. TheEuropeanCouncil agreed to ask the Commission to .analyse and prepare proposals for .an appropriate Community program to dealwith the threat to thetropicaI rain forests in consultation with the countries concerned and in particular Brazil. It alsoagreed that the Community would consult other industrialized countries, on concerted action on this question.

Free Movement of Persons

The European Council noted with satisfaction that there was now agreement on the three Directives on the right ofresidence.

It took note of the developments as set out in the Coordinators' Report on the Free Movement of Persons. It welcomed theconclusion and signature by 11 Member States of the Convention determining the State responsible for examiningapplications for asylum which is the fIrst major legal instrument in the series necessary to ensure the free movement ofpeople. It expressed the hope that this Convention will be signed by all Member States before the end of the year. It notedprogress on the Convention on the crossing of the external borders of the Community and urged the competent bodies totake the necessary steps to ensure that this Convention would be signed by the end of this year in accordance with theconclusions reached by the European Council in Strasbourg. The European Council urged the Co-ordinators group tospeed up work on implementation of the measures contained in the "Palma document" with a view to create a Europewithout frontiers.

Drugs and Organized Crime

The European Council held a thorough debate on the basis of reports from the High-Level Coordinators' Group, CEUD(European Committee for the Anti-Drug War), and from the TREVI Group. It agreed that drug addiction and traffic indrugs are sources of great damage to individuals and society as well as to States and constitute a major menace to Europeand the rest of the world. In view of the extent of this scourge and in the perspective of a Europe without internal frontiersthe European Council agreed on the need for a coherent and effective policy at the European level. fu this context theEuropean Council suggested the early convening of a Conference of Western and Eastern European countries under theauspIces of the Pompidou Group.

The European Council endorsed the conclusions of the two reports and asked the Council to reach agreement before the endof the year on the basis of the Commission s proposaIs on trade in precursors with non-Community countries and on anintegrated program for cooperation with Colombia with particular regard to the sale and price of coffee and other substituteproducts. It welcomed the Commission proposal to combat money laundering and asked for final adoption of adequatemeasures before July 1991 drawing on the work of the GAFI

(F.inancial Action Task Force) set up in Paris in July 1989. invited the Member States to adopt legislation which provIdes for seizure of the assets of persons involved in drugtrafficking.

It stressed the responsibility of each Member State to develop an appropriate drug demand reduction program. ltalsoinvited the Commission to present on a regular basis to the Council and Ministers for Health a report on work done in thisarea.

The European Council considered that effective action by each Member State, supported by joint action of the Twelve andthe Community, should be a main priority over the coming years. The necessary human and material resources both atnational and Community level would be provided for an effective fight against drugs and organized crime.

The European Council asked CELAD in close consultation with the Commission to prepare for the meeting of the EuropeanCouncil in Rome a European plan to combat drugs covering measures on prevention, on demand reduction programs, onhealth and social policy with regard to drug addicts, the suppression of drugs trafficking and providing for an activeEuropean role in international action, bilaterally and in multilateral fora. It asked the TREVI Group to speedup work onthe creation of a common information system, a European program of training for law enforcement officers from drug-producing and transit countries, (;Cordination of Member States' programs of technical police cooperation with thosecountries, and the establishment of a European central drugs intelligence unit if possible before the end of 1990. It urged

the Group to proceed with expanding the network of liaison officers m producer and transit countries and with improvingcontrols at external frontiers with particular regard to the infrastructure problems faced by Member States with a long coastline.

Anti-semitism, Racism and Xenophobia

The European Council adopted the Declaration m Annex III.

ill EXTERNAL RElATIONS

The European Council noted with satisfaction that the guidelines laid down at its special session in April for theCommunity s extemal policy are being translated into concrete action, notably

the preparatory work for the CSCE Summit;

the exploratory talks, soon to be opened, on Association Agreements with certam Central and Eastern Europeancountries - the proposals submitted by the Commission on the renewal of the Community's Mediterranean policy;

the agreement on a mandate for negotiation with the European Free Trade Association (EFfA) countries which havenow commenced with the objective of completion as soon as possible, with a view to creatmg a European EconomicArea.

The European Council confirmed the will of the Community to act in a spirit of solidarity and cooperation with respect tothose areas which, due to inadequate levels of development, necessitate an increased level of coordmated and multi-faceted

intervention of the Community and the Member States.

The European Council furthermore dealt with the following subjects:

The Economic Situation in the USSR

The European Council had a substantial discussion of the situation in the Soviet Union. It underlined the interest of theCommunity in the success of the political and economic reform initiated by President Gorbachev, and its support for the

efforts of the Soviet Union to make progress towards a democratic system and a market-oriented economy.

The European Council asked the Commission, in consultation as necessary with the International Monetary Fund, the

World Bank, the European Investment Bank, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, and thedesignated President of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, to consult the government of the SovietUnion with a view to preparing urgently proposals covering short term credits and longer term support for structural reform.In this connection the Commission will examine the proposal of the Netherlands government for the establishment of aEuropean Energy Network. The proposals thus established will be submitted in due course to the Council.

Central and Eastern Europe

The European Council welcomed the continuing progress being made in Central and Eastern European countries in

establishing pluralist democracy founded on the rule of law, full respect for human rights, and the principles of the market-oriented economy. The European Council reaffirmed the right of individual citizens to participate fully in this process and

called on all states to observe this principle without reservation. The European Council welcomed in particular the holdingof free elections in Central and Eastern Europe and expressed the hope that these will lead to a fuller realisation ofdemocratic ideals which, of course, entail full respect for the rights of the opposition parties. The European Councilexpressed its deep satisfaction at the progress already made and in prospect towards overcoming the divisions of Europeand restoring the unity of the continent whose peoples share a COJ1lIllon heritage and culture. The European Councilrecalled the contribution already made by the CoJ1lIllunity and the Member States to supporting the process of political andeconomic reform, notably through the G-24, and affirmed its intention to broaden and intensify that approach.

CSCE

The European Council reafftmlS the important role played by theCSCE in the process of change in Europe. At a time whenour continent is actively engaged in surmounting its divisions, the CSCE provides a necessary framework for maintainingstability and promoting cooperation in Europe and for deepening the reforms that are underway.

It attaches great importance to the comprehensive nature of the CSCEprocess which brings together the peoples andgovernments of Europe, the United States and Canada.

It welcomes the decision taken by the Member States of theCSCE to convene in Paris a SuJ1lIllit of Heads of State andGovernment. The European Council proposes the date of 19 November 1990 for this meeting.

For the European Council, this Surnmit has an exceptional importance. It should be an opportunity to defme the crocial rolewhich the CSCE will play in the future architecture of Europe and in establishing a new set of relations betweenparticipating States, based on the Helsinki principles, to be further expanded by new commitments and involving a balanceddevelopment of the CSCEencompassing notably the development of pluralist democracy, the role of law, human rights,better protection of minorities, human contacts, security, economic cooperation, the environment, further cooperation in theMediterranean and cooperation in the field of culture.

The European Council expects that the Summit, among other things, will:

make a decisive contribution to strengthening stability and cooperation in Europe, and to disannament;

take note of the results obtained in talks relating to Gennan unity, in particular its fmal settlement underinternational law;

provide a basic orientation for future economic relations and cooperation in Europe. A closer association betweenthe Community and other States members of the CSCE is an example of such relations and cooperation;

set out guidelines for a democratic Europe and consolidate the principles of a State based on the role of law.

The European Council proposes agreement on regular meetings of Heads of State and Government of the CSCE, as well asof Ministers of Foreign Affairs, and the establishment of a small administrative secretariat, as well as the holding of morefrequent follow-up meetings. The Summit will also provide the opportunity to consider the relationship between the CSCEprocess and other relevant institutions, such as the Council of Europe. Furthennore, the SuJ1lIllit could take decisions onnew mechanisms in the field of security and cooperation in Europe, including suitable means to avoid conflict and disputes,and the active participation of parliamentary bodies.

The European Community and its Member States intend to assume a leading role in this enterprise and to contributeactively to all discussion within the CSCE process.

Considering the importance of the Paris Summit, the European Council has agreed that the CoJ1lIllunity and its MemberStates will strengthen their coordination with a view to defining and expressing a common position on all questions, in thevarious sectors of the CSCE, in which they have an essential common interest, and taking into account the importance ofcoordination with the participating states and organizations.

Transatlantic relations

The European Council expressed its satisfaction with the developments in the Community s relations with the United Statesbased on the strocture laid down by the European Council in April and characterized by ever closer cooperation. They wishto take this cooperation further. Their commitment to this further cooperation could take the fonn of a joint transatlanticdedarationon relations between the Twelve and the United States and Canada.

Uruguay Round

The European Council stressed that the successful conclusion of the Uruguay Round by December 1990 was a majorpriority for the Conununity. It emphasised the benefits for the peoples of the world by way of improved living standardsthat would flow from the gradual removal of barrielS to multilateral free trade within the framework of strengthening therules of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATI). It reaffinned the Conununity's deteIDlination to playa fulland active part in the negotiations.

Africa

ii)

Southern Africa - The European Council adopted the Declaration in Annex IV.

Sub-Saharan Africa - The European Council expressed its serious concern about sub-Saharan Africa. Theeconomic situation in these countries, including debt, is worrying. The European Council, emphasising theconunitment of the Community and its member States to the development of Africa, in particular tbroueh theLome Convention, declared its detennination to pulSue this further and also its support for progress III theobservance of human rights and in sound government management in sub-Saharan Africa.

Middle East - The European Council adopted the Declaration in Annex V.

Nuclear Non-Proliferation - The European Council adopted the Declaration in Annex VI.

Iranian earthquake - The European Council adopted the Declaration in Annex VII.

Cyprus - The European Council adopted the Declaration in Annex VII(.10.

11. Kashmir - The European Council discussed the current tension between India and Pakistan over the question ofKashmir. The European Conununity and its member States enjoy excellent relations with India and Pakistan. Theywelcome and ellcourage recent efforts to de-escalate the state of tension between the two countries. Theyh~pe thatsuch initial positive steps will lead to a fuller dialogue and a resolution of this problem in order that India andPakistan can resume full and fruitful relations.

GREEK ECONOMY

The European Council expresses its satisfaction with the initial measures adopted by the Greek government for thestabilization, modernization and development of the Greek economy and invites the Conunission to examine, in closecollaboration with the Greek government and the EconomiclFinancial Council, measures needed to ensure the successfulrestructuring of the Greek economy and its closer integration into the Community.

PRESIDENCY OF THE COMMISSION

The European Council, in the presence of the President of the European Parliament who will consult the Enlarged Bureau,agreed to renew the mandate of Mr. Jacques DELORS as President of the Conunission for the period 1991-1992. It alsoagreed to renew the mandates of the present Vice-Presidents for the same period.

SEATS OF THE INSTITUTIONS

After a debate on this question the European Council noted that the Presidency will submit a proposal for a definitivedecision to the European Council in October 1990.

TERRORISM

Following the most recent bombing outrage in London, the European Council renewed its categorical condemnation of allforms of terrorism and expressed its deep sympathy for the victims and their families.

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ANNEX I

POUTICAL UNION

Introduction

The European Council agreed at its meeting on 28 April 1990 that a point had been reached where the further dynamicdevelopment of the Community has become an imperative not only because it correspond$ to the direct interest of thetwelve Member States but also because it has become a crucial element in the progress th~t is being lIIade in establishing areliable framework for peace and .security in Europe. The European Council confmned in this context its commitment topolitical union and decided that Foreign Ministers should carry out a detailed examination of the need for possible treatychanges and prepare proposals for the European Council.

Written contributions have been submitted by Member States and ideas and suggestions compiled. Foreign Ministerscarried out an examination and analysis of the issues at meetings in May and June with a view to the debate in the EuropeanCouncil on the convening of an Intergovernmental Conference on Political Union to defme the necessary framework fortransfQrming relations as a whole among the Member States into .a European Union invested with the necessary means ofaction.

The result of this work is set out below.

The overall objective of Political Union

Political Union will need to .strengthen . in a global and balanced manner the capacity of the Community and its MemberStates to act in the areas of their common interests. The Qnity and coherence of its policies and actions should be ensuredthrough strong and democratic institutions.

The Union will remain open to membership by other European states who accept its fmal goals, while developing closerrelations with other countries in the spirit of the Rhodes declaration.

The transformation of the Community from an entity mainly based on economic integration and political cooperation into aunion of a political nature, including a common foreign and security policy, raises a number of general questions:

Scope:

To what extent does the Union require further transfer of competence to the Community along with theprovision of means necessary to achieve its objectives.How will the Union include and extend the notion of Community citizenship carrying with it specific rights(human, political, social, the right of complete free movement and residence...) for the citizens of MemberStates by virtue of these states belonging to the Union.

To what extent will other areas currently dealt with in Intergovernmental Cooperation be included, such asaspects of free circulation of persons, the fight against drugs, police and judicial cooperation.

Institutional aspects:

To what extent will new or changed institutional arrangements be required to ensure the unity and coherenceof all the constituent elements of the European Union.

How should the role of the European Council, as defmed in the Solemn Declaration on European Union andin the Single European Act, be developed in the construction of the Union?

General Principles

The following questions should be considered with regard to certain general principles which have been advanced:

in the 'context of ensuring respect of national identities and fundamental institutions: how best to reflect whatis not implied by Political Union;

in the context of the application of the principle of subsidiarity (leaving to individual Member States thoseissues best dealt with at a national level): how to define it in such a way as to guarantee its operationaleffectiveness.

Democratic legitimacy

It is necessary to ensure that the principle of democratic accountability to which all Member States of the Communitysubscribe should be fully respected .at Community level. The ongoing transfer of tasks to the Community and thecorresponding increase in the power and responsibilities of its Institutions require a strengthening of democratic control.

This objective should be pursued through a range of measures, among which could be the following:

increased involvement for the European Parliament;

in the legislative process possibly including forms of co-decision;

in the field of external relations;

increased accountability through reinforced control by the European Parliament over the implementation of agreedCommunity policies;

a reinforcement of the democratic character of other Institutions (e.g. specific role of the EuropeanParliament in thenomination of the President and Members of the Commission, greater transparency and openness in the working ofthe Community...

greater involvement of the national Parliaments in the democratic process within the Union, in particular in areaswhere new competence will be transferred to the Union.

Efficiency and effectiveness of the Community and its Institutions

The adequacy of the Community s response, and of that .of its Institutions, to the needs arising .from the new situation aswell as from the implementation of the Internal Market, the attainment of EMU, the achievement of the aims of the SingleEuropean Act, the development of new policies and the enhancement of the Community s international role, (including itscapacity to respond to the aspirations of countries who wish to see their relations with the Community strengthened), shouldbe examined from two angles: firstly, how to meet the challenges which the Community faces in an overall and balancedway; secondly, from the angle of the functioning of the Institutions.

The question of the functioning of the Institutions should be examined at several operational levels, while respecting thegeneral balance between Institutions:

The European Parliament: (see point 3 above);

The Council: improving the decision-making process inter alia by enlarging the field covered by qualified majorityvoting; central coordination through the General Mfairs Council; concentration and rationalisation of Council workin general; The Commission: the number of its Members and strengthening of its executive role with regard to implementingCommunity policies;

The Court of Justice: inter alia automatic enforceability of its judgements where relevant;

The Court of Auditors: the strengthening of its role in ensuring sound financial management;

Member States: ensuring the implementation and observance of Community law and European Court judgements.

In addition, consideration should be given to a review of the different types of legal instruments of the Community and theprocedures leading to their adoption.

Unity and coherence of the Community s international action

In accordance with the conclusions reached by the European Council at Dublin on 28 April 1990, the Community will actas a political entity on the international scene.

The proposal for a common foreign and security policy which takes account of the common interests of the Member States,acting with consistency and solidarity, and which institutionally goes beyond political Cooperation as it currently functions,raises a number ,of questions, in particular the following:

Scope

the integration of economic, political and security aspects of foreign policy;

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the defmition of the security dimension;

the strengthening of the Community s diplomatic and political action vis-a-vis third countries. ininternational organizations and in other multilateral fora;

the evolution of the transfer of competences to the Union. and in particular the defmition of priority areaswhere transfer would take place at an initial stage.

Decision-making:

use of the Community method (in full or in adapted form) and/or a sui generis method bearing in mind thepossibilities offered by the evolution over time of the degree of transfer of competence to the Union. referredto above;

the Commission s role, including the faculty of launching initiatives and proposals;

establishment of a single decision-making structure; central role of the General Affairs Council and theEuropean Council in this context; preparatory bodies; the organization and strengthening of the Secretariat;

modalities aimed at ensuring the necessary flexibility and efficiency to meet the requirements of formulationof .foreign policy in various areas; consideration of decision procedures including the consensus rule. votingpractices involving unanimity with abstentions. and qualified majority voting in specific areas.

Implementation

There is a recognised need for clear rules and modalities for the implementation of the common foreign policy; thefollowing are to be examined in this context:

role of the Presidency. (and of the Troika). and of the secretariat;

role of the Commission;

the role of national diplomatic services in a strengthened collaboration.

ANNEX II

THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPERATIVE

DECLARATION BY THE EUROPEAN COUNCIL

The natural environment which forms the life support system of our planet is gravely at risk. The earth's atmosphere isseriously threatened. The condition of water resources. including the seas and oceans. is causing concern. natural resourcesare being depleted and there is growing loss of genetic diversity. The quality of life - indeed. the continuation of life -could no longer be assured were recent trends to proceed unchallenged.

As Heads of State and Govermnent of the European Community. we recognise our special responsibility for theenvironment both to our own citizens and, to the wider world. We undertake to intensify our efforts to protect and enhancethe natural environment of the Community itself and the world of which it is part. We intend that action by the Communityand its Member States will be developed on a coordinated basis and on the principles of sustainable development andpreventive and precautionary action. We have, therefore. adopted the following Declaration setting out guidelines forfuture action.

The Community Dimension

The obligations of the European Community and its Member States in the area of environmental protection are clearlydefmed in the Treaties. There is also an increasing acceptance of a wider responsibility. as one of the foremost regionalgroupin~ in the world. to playa leading role in promoting concerted and effective action at global level, working withother industrialised countries. and assisting developing countries to overcome their special difficulties. The Community'credibility and effectiveness at this wider level depends in large measure on the ability to adopt progressive environmentalmeasures for implementation and enforcement by its Member States. The internal and external dimensions of Communityenvironment policy are therefore inextricably linked.

Completion of the Internal Market in 1992 will provide a major impetus to economic development in the Community.There must be a corresponding acceleration of effort to ensure that this development is sustainable and environmentallysound. In particular. the environmental risks inherent in greater production and in increased demand for transport. energy

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and infrastructure must be countered and environmental considerations must be fully and effectively integrated into theseand all other policy areas.

The Conununity and the Member States must find effective solutions to all fonns of pollution, including that created by theagricultural sector, and should support efforts to promote clean technology and non-polluting processes and products inindustry. Better arrangements are also needed to protect the seas and coastal regions of Member States from the threatposed by the transport of oil and hazardous substances. This applies in particular to the marine waters to the west and southof the Conununity where new co-operation arrangements should be developed without delay, with the help of theCommission.

While welcome progress has been made in recent times in the adoption of environmental measures at Conununity levelmuch more needs to be done taking due account of the subsidiarity principle, the differing environmental conditions in theregions of the Conununity and the need for balanced and cohesive development of these regions. We urge the Council andthe Commission to press ahead with their work on this basis. The forthcoming Intergovernmental Conference shouldaddress ways of accelerating Community decision-making on environmental legislation with a view to providing theConununity with the necessary capacity in all respects to respond to the urgency of the situation.

Community environmental legislation will only be effective if it is fully implemented and .enforced by Member States. Wetherefore renew our commitment in this respect. To ensure transparency, comparability of effort and full information forthe public, we invite the Conunission to conduct regular reviews and to publIsh detailed reports on its findings. Thereshould also be periodic evaluations of existing Directives to ensure that they are adapted to scientific and technical progressand to resolve persistent difficulties in implementation; such reviews should not, of course, lead to a reduced standard ofenvironmental protection in any case.

Standards designed to ensure a high level of environmental protection will remain the cornerstone of Communityenvironment policy. But the traditional "command and control" approach should now be supplemented, where appropriate,by economic and fIScal measures if environmental considerations are to be fully integrated into other policy areas, ifpollution is to be prevented at source, and if the polluter is to pay. We therefore call on the Commission to accelerate itswork in this field and to present, before the end of 1990, proposals for a framework or guidelines within which suchmeasures could be put into effect by the Member States in a manner consistent with the Treaties.

Implementation of Community environmental measures and the protection of the common European heritage can give riseto unequal burdens for individual Member States. In this context, we welcome the recent ENVIRE initiative, under whichsupport from the Structural Funds will be provided for the management of hazardous wastes and the treatment of coastalwaste water discharges. We invite the Commission to review the overall level of budgetary resources devoted toCommunity environment policy, currently disbursed through a number of separate funding mechanisms, and to submit itsfindinss to the Council as soon as possible.

Global Issues

The Conununity and its Member States have a special responsibility to encourage and participate in international action tocombat global environmental problems. Their capacity to provide leadership in this sphere is enormous. The Communitymust use more effectively its position of moral, economic and political authority to advance international efforts to solveglobal problems and to promote sustainable development and respect for the global commons. In particular, the Antarcticdeserves special protection as the last great unspoiled wilderness. The Community should also support efforts to build intointernational structures the capacity to respond more effectively to global problems.

Depletion of the ozone layer is a major cause for concern. The Community has already agreed to press for revision of theMontreal Protocol on substances which deplete the ozone layer so as to speed up considerably the complete elimination ofthese substances. It is also committed to the provision of additional fmancial and technical resources to assist developingcountries in implementing the Protocol We call on all the Contracting Parties to the Protocol to support these proposalsand we call on States which have not already done so urgently to ratify or accede to the Protocol

Recent scientific assessments show that man-made emissions are substantially increasing the atmospheric concentrations ofgreenhouse gases and that a business-as-usual approach will lead to additional global warming in the decades to come.We urge all countries to introduce extensive energy efficiency and conservation measures and to adopt as soon as possibletargets and strategies for limiting emissions of greenhouse gases. We call on the Commission to expedite its proposals forconcrete action and, in particular, measures relating to carbon dioxide emissions, with a view to establishing a strongCommunity position in preparation for the Second World Oimate Conference. The Community and its Member States willtake all possible steps to promote the early adoption of a Oimate Convention and associated protocols, including one ontropical forest protection.

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We are gravely concerned at the continuing and rapid destruction of the tropical forests. We welcome the conunitDlent ofthe new Government of Brazil to halt this destruction and to promote sustainable forest management. The Co_unity andits Member States will actively support this process. We have asked the Commission to open djscussions as a matter ofurgency with Brazil and the other Amazonian Pact countries with a view to developing a concrete action program. involvingthe Community, its Member States and these countries. Elements for priority consideration should include debt for forestconservation exchanges; codes of conduct for timber importing industrIes; and the additional resources necessary to enablethe forests to be preserved and managed on a sustainable basis, making optimal use of existing agencies and mechanisms

We appeal to other industrialised countries to join us in our efforts. In our own countries, we will work to protect theforests and to extend and strengthen programs of afforestation.

Destruction of the tropical forests, soil erosion, desertification and other environmental problel11S of the developingcountries can be fully addressed only in the context of North-South relationships generally. Nevertheless, the Co_unitytogether with the Member States should playa major role in assisting these countries in their efforts to achieve long-termsustainable development. In this context, we welcome the provisions of the Fourth Lome ConveIltion under which

increased assistance is to be given to African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries, at their request, in the field population, enviromnent and sustainable resource development. We also welcome the strategy set out in the Resolution onEnviromnent and Development agreed by the Council on 29 May 1990, particularly in regard to the recognition of the needfor additional resources to help deal with the enviromnental problems of developing countries.

More $enerally, thecooperation agreements between the Community and the countries of Asia and Latin ~rica falling outside the Lomeframework should increasingly emphasise our shared enviromnental concerns. .

The enviromnental situation in Central and Eastern Europe presents special challenges. We endorse the agreement reachedin Dublin on 16 June 1990 between the Enviromnent Ministers of the Community and those of Central and Eastern Europeon the steps to be taken to improve the enviromnent in Europe as a whole and in Central and Eastern Europe hi particular.Remedial measures must be taken by these countries to clear up problems which have developed"through years of neglectand to ensure that their future economic development is substainable. They need the support of the Community and itsMember States in order to achieve these objectives. Action already taken within the .PHARE program is encouraging butwill need to be developed further, both in the context of the expanded 024 program and in the co-operation agreementsbetween the Community and the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. We look forward also to the contribution to bemade by the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development in this regard.

Personal Attitudes and Shared Responsibilities

Increased public awareness and concern for environmental issues is one of the major developments of oUt time. We note

with satisfaction the adoption of the Regulation to establish the European Enviromnent Agency which will provide reliableand objective information on the state of the enviromnent for the citizens of Europe.

Another important development is the adoption of the Directive on Freedom of Access to Enviromnental Information whichwill greatly increase the availability of information to the public and will lead to the publication of regular State of theEnviromnent Reports. We invite the Member Stat~ to accompany these reports by national enviromnent action plans,prepared in a form which will attract maximum public interest and support.

We urge Member States to take positive steps to disseminate enviromnental information widely among their citizens inorder to build up more caring and more responsible attitudes, a greater understanding, based on sound scientificassessments, of the nature and causes of problems, and a better appreciation of the costs and other implications of possiblesolutions.

The development of higher levels of knowledge and understanding of enviromnental issues will facilitate more effectiveaction by the Community and its Member States to protect the enviromnent. The objective of such action must be toguarantee citizens the right to a clean and healthy enviromnent, particularly in regard to:

the quality of air;

rivers, lakes, coastal and marine waters;

the quality of food and drinking water;

protection against noise;

protection against contamination of soil, soil erosion and desertification;

preservation of habitats, flora and fauna, landscape and other elements of the natural heritage;

the amenity quality of residential areas.

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The full achievement of this objective must be a shared responsibility. Problems cannot be resolved without concertedaction. In each country, everyone - Government. public authorities, private undertakings. individuals and groups - must befully involved. Acceptance at all levels of this concept must be promoted.

Mankind is the trustee of the natural environment and has the duty to ensure its enlightened stewardship for the benefit ofthis and future generations. Solidarity must be shown with the poorer and less developed nations.

We note with interest the conclusions of the Siena Forum on International Law of the Environment and suggest that theseshould be considered by the 1992 UN Conference on Bnviromnent and Development.

All of our decisions matter. The environment is dependent on our collective actions .and tomorrow s environment dependson how we act today.

The European Council invites the Commission to use these principles and objectives as the basis of the Fifth ActionProgram for the Environment and to present a draft of such a Program in 1991.

ANNEX

DECLARATION ON ANTI-SEMITISM, RACISM AND XENOPHOBIA

The European Council expresses its deep revulsion at recent manifestations of anti-semitism. racism and xenophobiaparticularly expressions of anti-semitism Involving acts of desecration perpetrated against the dead , which are calculated tocause the utmost distress to the living. It is all the more distressing that such abominations should enjoy any currencyprecisely at a time when we are commemorating the end of the Second World War.

The European Council deplores all manifestations of these phenomena. It agrees that vigorous measures must be taken tocombat them. whenever and wherever they appear in the Community. The member States will assess the extent to whichtheir national legislation must effectively be used in order to counter them.

The European Council nhas taken note of the fact that these problems are not restricted to the member States of theCommunitY. Comparable outrages have also occurred in recent times elsewhere in Europe.

The European Council also recalls the Declaration of the Community Institutions and the member States against Racismand Xenophobia of 11 June 1986. It considers respect for the dignity of the human being and the elimination ofmanifestations of discrimination to be of paramount importance. Such manifestations. including expressions of prejudicedirected against foreign immigrants, are unacceptable. The European Council underlines the~itive contnoution thatworkers from third countries have made and contmue to make to the development of the Community as a whole.

Against this background, the European Council recalls the United Nations Convention on the Elimination of RacialDiscrimination. the Council of Europe Declaration on Intolerance and ongoing work in the framework of the CSCE. TheEuropean Council supports action, notably in the context of the human dimension of the CSCE. to counter anti-semitism,racism, incitement to hatred and xenophobia. The importance which the Community and its member States attach to thissubject is illustrated by the proposals against racism and xenophobia made in their name, and by the initiatives on relatedissues taken by individual member States at the current session of the Conference on Human Rights (COR) in Copenhagen.

ANNEX IV

DECLARATION ON SOUTHERN AFRICA

The European Council welcomes the important changes that have taken place in Southern Africa since it met in Strasbourg.

The European Council warmly welcomes the successful conclusion of the process of bringing Namibia to independencewith a constitution based on multi-party democracy and human rights. The European Community and its member Stateswill continue to give aid and support to the people of Namibia as they build their new country. in particular in theframework of the new Lome Convention. They welcome the talks which have taken place between the Angola Governmentand UNITA under PQrtuguese auspices. They look forward to the resolution of the conflict in Angola and also of that inMozambique through dialogue.

The European Council greatly welcomes the significant changes that have taken place in South Africa in recent months: therelease of Nelson Mandela and of other political prisoners; the unbanning of political organizations; the substantial liftingof the state of emergency; the commitment by the Government to abolish the apartheid system and to create a democratic

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and non-racial South Africa, and its willingness to enter into negotiations on the future of South Africa with therepresentatives of the majority.

They pay tribute to the parts played in bringing about these changes by President P. de Klerk and Mr.Nelson Mandela.The efforts of President P. de Klerk to bring about a new era in South Africa are testimony to his foresight and courage.Me Nelson Mandela, a prisoner for 27 years, has inspired millions of South Africans opposed to apartheid and therebyamply demonstrated his qualities of statesmanship, qualities that will be required in the challenging period ahead in SouthAfrica.

The objective of the European Community and its member States is the complete dismantlement of the aJWth.eid system. bypeaceful means and without delay, and its replacement by a united, non-racial and democratic stateUl which all peopleshall enjoy common and equal citizenship and where respect for universally recognised human rights is guaranteed. Theywelcome the joint commitment between .the South African Government and the ANC in the Groote Schuur Minute tostability and a peaceful process of negotiations. They call on all parties in South Africa to endorse this objective. It is theintention of the European Community and its member States to ,noomage, by every means available to them, the earlyopening of negotiations leading to the creation of a united, non-racial and democratic South Africa.

Negotiations on a new South Africa should get under way without delay. The substantial progress made towardS removalof the obstacles represented by the state of emergency and the detention of political prisoners is welcome. The EuropeanCouncil looks forward to early agreement between the South African Government and the ANC on the conditions in whichexiles can return and on the definition of political prisoners leading to their release. The European Council calls on allparties to remove the remaining obstacles to peaceful negotiations and to refrain from violence or advocacy of violence.

The European Council fully recognises that a new post-apartheid South Africa should be able to avail itself of all theeconomic resources, including access to external finance, required to ensure its future prosperity and the full developmentof all its people. South Africa faces acute socio-economic problems, especially in the areas of employment, education andhousing, against a background of a high rate of population growth. These problems have been greatly exacerbated byapartheid. Positive action is needed to rectify imbalances.

Through the program of positive measures, the Community has, for a number of years. been providing assistance to thevictims of apartheid. In the light of the recent developments in South Africa and as a strong signal of political support tothose disadvantaged by apartheid and of the will to contribute to a new socio-economic balance, the Community intends toincrease the funds being made available under its program and to adapt the program to the needs of the new situation,including those connected with the return and resettlement of exiles. It welcomes the positive attitude being displayed byall parties, including the new South African Government, to such programs.

At its meeting in Strasbourg in December last, the European Council decided that the Community and its member Stateswould maintain the pressure that they exert on the South African authorities in order to promote the profound andirreversible changes which they have repeatedly stood for. The European Council affirms its willingness to consider agradual relaxation of this pressure when there is further clear evidence that the process of change already initiated continuesin the direction called for at Strasbourg.

The European Council holds the view that the new South Africa, which will have harnessed the full richness, not only of itsphysical, but also of its abundant human resources, has the potential to act as a stimulus for growth in the Southern Africanregion. The European Council looks forward to being able to welcome, in the near future, a new, democratic and

economically prosperous South Africa as it takes its proper place as an Mrican nation in the international community.

ANNEX V

DECLARATION ON THE MIDDLE EAST

The European Council recalls its long-standing position of principle on the Arab-Israeli conflict in the Middle East. It isdetermined to encourage all efforts to promote dialogue between the parties directly concerned leading to the negotiation ofa comprehensive settlement consistent with the principles it has set out, beginning with the Venice Declaration ten yearsago and further developed since, notably in the Madrid Declaration. This settlement should be found in the framework ofan international peace conference under the auspices of the United Nations with the participation of the PLO. TheEuropean Council t;xpresses its support for every effort by the permanent members of the Security Council to create aclimate of confidence between the parties and, in this way, to facilitate the convening of the international peace conference.

The European Council welcomes the commitment to continuing the peace process expressed in the letter to the President ofthe European Council from the Prime Minister of Israel The European Council hopes that it will be followed in practice.It stresses the urgent need for Israel to begin a political dialogue with the Palestinian people which could lead to a

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comprehensive, just and lasting settlement to the Arab-Israeli conflict. Such a settlement should be on the basis ofResolutions 242 .and 338 of the Security Council based on the principle of "land for peace

The European Council stresses that all parties have a responsibility to refrain from actions or statements which mightimpede steps towards dialogue and negotiation. Those who would choose violent over peaceful means for achievingpolitical objectives cannot be allowed to prevail. Neither the taking of human life, whatever the circumstances, norviolence against civilians can play any part in achieving peace and reconciliation.

Threats of war and of the use of weapons of mass destruction serve only to increase tension in the region and should beeschewed. The Community and its member States have consistently condemned both threats and acts of violence in theregion, whatever their origin. In such a delicate situation, all channels of dialogue and negotiation should be kept open.

The European Council is concerned that, by making territorial compromise ever more difficult, Israel' s settlement policy inthe Occupied Territories presents a growing obstacle to peace in the region. Reiterating that Jewish settlements in theterritories occupied by Israel since 1967, including East Jerusalem, are illegal under international law, it calls earnestly onthe Government of Israel not to permit settlements there. The European Council recognises and supports the right of SovietJews to emigrate to Israel and elsewhere. It is, however, firmly of the view that this right must not be implemented at theexpense of the rights of the Palestinians in the Occupied Territories.

Recent events underline once again that the status quo in the Occupied Territories is untenable. The lamentable positionconcerning the observance of human rights in the Occupied Territories has led the Community and its member States to setout repeatedly their concern. They are resolved to step up their already significant support for the protection of the humanrights of the population of the Occupied Territories.

In the present situation, and particularly with regard to the protection of the population, the U.N., too, can and should playauseful role. The European Council supports such a role of the U.

The European Council refers to the obligation on Parties to the Geneva Convention Relative to the Protection of CivilianPersons in Time of War to respect and to ensure respect for its provisions. The Twelve have repeatedly called on Israel toadhere to its obligations towards the Palestinian population in the territory under its occupation which is protected by thatConvention. They have observed that it has notably failed to do so in a number of important areas. Concerned that thehuman rights of the population of the Occupied Territories continue to be inadequately protected, the European Councilcalls for further action, in accordance with the Convention, to ensure that protection.

The European Council has reviewed the range of .actions taken on the basis of the Strasbourg Declaration in order to arrestthe deterioration of the economic and social situation in the Occupied Territories and to help to preserve the future ofPalestinian society. It notes with satisfaction the significant increase of Community aid, particularly in the 1990 program ofdirect aid which is ready for adoption. It confirms its determination to double direct Community aid by 1992.

The European Council also expresses its satisfaction with the growth in exports of agricultural produce from the OccupiedTerritories to the Community. It invites the Community institutions to take appropriate action for a rapid furtherimprovement of the conditions of access to the Community market for Palestinian products .and to examine furtherpossibilities for increasing trade between the Community and the Occupied Territories.

As an expression of the importance which the European Council attaches to facilitating the speedy and efficientimplementation of the Community's expanding program for the benefit of the population of the Occupied Territories, theCommission is invited to appoint a representative to the Occupied Territories for this purpose at an early date.

ANNEX VI

DECLARATION ON NUCLEAR NON-PROLIFERATION

The European Council strongly supports and is fully committed to the objective of nuclear non-proliferation. It believesthat the further spread of nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices would endanger stability and threaten regionaland global security. The European Council attaches. the greatest importance to the maintenance of an effective internationalnuclear non-proliferation regime and will make every effort to contribute to strengthening non-proliferation andencouraging the participation of further countries in the regime. The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons(NP'I) is an important element in that regime. The Twelve Member States of the European Community, parties to the NPTor not, will work actively to secure a successful outcome to the discussions which will take place in the forthcomingmonths, and in particular the deliberations of the Fourth Review Conference of the NPT, and hope that those discussionswill provide stable and assured solutions to the problems encountered by the international community in preventing thespread of nuclear weapons. The European Council expresses its concern that there is a continuing risk that further countries

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may acquire nuclear weapons and that a number of countries remain outside the non- proliferation regime. It calls on anstates to join in efforts to eliminate this risk of nuclear proliferation.

The European Council recognises the indispensable role played by the IAEA and its safeguards in the development of thepeaceful uses of nuclear energy. It recognises that these safeguards are the cornerstone of an effective non- proliferationregime. The European Council reaffmns the need for the peaceful application of nuclear energy to take place undercredible. effective and efficient international safeguards. In thjs connection. it recalls the important contribution of Euratomsafeguards. For their part. the Twelve Member States of the Community have accepted. in accordance with their respectiveindividual status. the exercise of international controls on their nuclear installations and apply constraints to their exportpolicies. The European Council strongly supports the application of safeguards on.as universal a basis as possible. It callson other States to subscribe to similar conunitments. The European Council believes in the need for an equitable and stable framework for international nuclear trade. TheTwelve Member States of the European Community have collectively adhered to the Nuclear Suppliers Group Guidelines.thereby assuming a basic common discipline for their nuclear exports. The European Council expresses the hope that othercountries will conduct their nuclear export policies on a similar basis. Within the framework of guidelines for nuclear trade.the European Council wishes to cooperate with all countries. especially developing countries. While maintaining andfurther developing the existing non-proliferation regime. the European Council will work to uphold the .right of allcountries to the development of research. production and use of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes.

In a context where several countries in various regions of the world perceive an increasing role for nuclear energy. theEuropean Council believes that the development of the peaceful uses of nuclear energy should be inseparable fromnecessary action to eliminate the risk of proliferation of nuclear arms. and should be accompanied by. the utmost attention tosafety. In that regard the Twelve member States of the European Community have proposed that the IAEA convene aTechnical Conference in 1991. to review the situation in the field of nuclear safety .as well as to forJnulate recommendationson further measures for improving safety in order to supplement existing measures in this field.

The European Council reaffmns once again its support for the objective of the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons andwill continue to work in a spirit of dialogue and co-operation in order to enlarge the international consensus in favour of aneffective non-proliferation regime.

ANNEX VII

DECLARATION ON THE IRANIAN EARTHQUAKE

The European Council expresses its profound sympathy to the Government and people of the Islamic Republic of Iran at theterrible loss of life. injuries and devastation caused by the earthquake in northwest Iran on 21 June.

The Community and its member States wish to give all possible assistance to the victims of this disaster. They havealready be un a substantial program of relief and will give every consideration to immediate further aid and toreconstruction assistance.

The European Council conveys the deep sympathy of the people of the European Community to the injured andcondolences to those families and friends who have been bereaved.

ANNEX

DECLARATION ON CYPRUS

The European Council discussed the Cyprus question in the light of the impasse in the intercommunal dialogue.

The European Council. deeply concerned at the situation, fully reaffinns its previous declarations and its support for theunity. independence. sovereignty and territorial integrity of Cyprus in accordance with the relevant UN resolutions.Reiterating that the Cyprus problem affects EC- Turkey relations and bearing in mind the importance of these relations. itstresses the need for the prompt elimination of the obstacles that are preventing the pursuit of effective intercommunal talksaimed at finding a just and viable solution to the question of Cyprus on the basis of the mission of good offices of theSecretary General, as it was recently reaffirmed by Resolution 649/90 of the Security Council.

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