By Des Murphy,Mark Naughton,Andrew Lynch
AndSean Fogarty
THE EVOLUTION OF FILM EFFECTSFROM SPECIAL EFFECTS TO CGI
• Rear-view projection in Panic In Bankok 1964
• Stop motion animation in King Kong 1933 and Jason and the Argonauts 1963
• 2001:A Space Odyssey used highly detailed miniatures combined with rotoscopes and careful motion-control.
• First use of 2D CGI in Westworld 1973
• First use of 3D CGI in Futureworld 1976
• Tron 1982, created 20 minutes / 200 scenes with CGI. The computer used had 2MB of memory
• Backlight animation used for costumes
1983-1989
• Stepping stone for evolution.
• The last starfighter = Spaceship Shots.
• “In 1985 you didn't purchase CGI software, you wrote it.” – Steve Wright
• Flight of the Navigator = First time reflection mapping was used.
• Luxo Jr. = CGI shadows, renderman, acadamy award.
• The Abyss = First use of digital 3D water effect.
1990-1999
THE SILVER AGE OF CGI
• CGI of the 1990’s achieved:
• Total Recall(1990): Mo-Cap
• Terminator 2(1992): Realistic movement, morphing effects, etc.
• Jurassic Park(1993): Rendered 3D dinosaurs
• Forrest Gump(1994): Historical footage
• Titanic(1997): Water, Cameron’s test run for AVATAR
• The Matrix(1999): First use of bullet time
• Star Wars Episode 1(1999): Extensive use of CGI
SPECIAL EFFECTS OF THE 1990’S
• Terminator 2: Best Visual Effects Award
• Jurassic Park: Spielberg’s original idea
• Forrest Gump: Best Picture
2000-Present
• The Lord of the Rings
• Trilogy(2001-2003) - CGI combined with motion capturing technology
• The Matrix (2003) - Intro of high definition universal capture (U-Cap)
• fight scene - image based facial animation
• Polar Express(2004) - 1st film to use motion capture to create every character
• 1st use of Performance Capture
• Avatar (2009) - 40% action and 60% photo realistic CGI
• Further developed Performance Capture
CGI OF THE 2000’S
REFERENCES• http://www.stikkymedia.com/articles/a-history-of-cgi-in-movies
• http://www.nextmovie.com/blog/best-cgi-moments-in-movies/
• http://magazine.creativecow.net/article/how-cgi-in-commercials-changed-the-history-of-film-a-creative-cow-magazine-extra
• http://www.digitalair.com/techniques/universal_capture.html
• http://www.filmsite.org/visualeffects.html
• Keyframe-based Tracking for Rotoscoping and Animation (Agarwala et al,2004,Vol 23,Issue 3)
• Final Frontiers: Computer-Generated Imagery and the Science Fiction Film(Abbott S,2006,Vol 33,Issue 1)
• Movie-maps: An application of the videodisc to computer graphics(Andrew Lippman,1980,Vol 14,Issue 3)
• http://www.totalfilm.com/features/50-best-movie-special-effects