The HeartThe Heart(and other stuff)(and other stuff)

What goes around… comes aroundWhat goes around… comes around

Sam BoblenzJames ChangAudra Irvine

LAB ALERTLAB ALERTYes, you have to do a lab.Get out your lab notebooks, and find:

LAB E (AP LAB 10): Physiology of the Circulatory SystemNo pre-labWork in pairsGet out those sphygmomanometers and stethoscopes and timers!Last sheet is the DATA SHEETQuestions at the endSign that HONOR CODE! Y’know, the one that says nec dedi nec auxilium non probatum in hoc opere recepi.

But wait! You still need to But wait! You still need to know some things first!know some things first!

It won’t take long, It won’t take long, hopefullyhopefully

All Things Bright and BeautifulAll Things Bright and BeautifulLarge and small, simple and complex…Large and small, simple and complex…

Simple animalsGVCE.g. cnidarians

GVCDigestion and circulation

Elaborate GVCsElaborate GVCsOxymoron, much?Oxymoron, much?

Jellyfish!

Figure 42.2

Circularcanal

Radial canal

5 cmMouth

Complex but still realComplex but still real

Closed and openBoth have three things:Circulatory fluidSet of tubesMuscular pump

Open Door PolicyOpen Door Policy

Insects, arthropods,molluscs“Blood bath”

Heart

Hemolymph in sinusessurrounding organs

Anterior vessel

Tubular heart

Lateral vessels

Ostia

(a) An open circulatory systemFigure 42.3a

IsolationistsIsolationists

Confined and distinctMore efficientBlood vessels +2-4 chamberedheartHumans…

Figure 42.3b

Interstitialfluid

Heart

Small branch vessels in each organ

Dorsal vessel(main heart)

Ventral vesselsAuxiliary hearts

(b) A closed circulatory system

SplooshSplooshA fish heart - two main chambers One ventricle and one

atriumBlood pumped from the ventricle Travels to the gills, where

it picks up O2 and disposes of CO2

An amphibian heart - three chambers Two atria and one

ventricleBlood pumped from the ventricle into a forked artery That splits the ventricle’s

output into the pulmocutaneous circuit and the systemic circuit

““Air-id”Air-id”Reptiles have double circulationPulmonary circuit

(lungs) w/ systemic circuit

Turtles, snakes, and lizards: three-chambered heart

In all mammals and birdsThe ventricle:

completely divided into separate right and left chambers

The left side: only oxygen-rich bloodThe right side: only oxygen-poor bloodAdaptation to endothermic way of life – powerful four-chambered heart

Spine requiredSpine required

FISHES AMPHIBIANS REPTILES (EXCEPT BIRDS) MAMMALS AND BIRDS

Systemic capillaries Systemic capillaries Systemic capillaries Systemic capillaries

Lung capillaries Lung capillariesLung and skin capillariesGill capillaries

Right Left Right Left Right Left Systemic

circuitSystemic

circuit

Pulmocutaneouscircuit

Pulmonarycircuit

Pulmonarycircuit

SystemiccirculationVein

Atrium (A)

Heart:ventricle (V)

Artery Gillcirculation

AV VV VV

A A A AALeft Systemicaorta

Right systemicaorta

Figure 42.4

The Anatomy of the HeartThe Anatomy of the Heart(an IB topic)(an IB topic)

6.2.1 Draw and label a diagram of the heart showing the four chambers, associated blood vessels, valves, and the route of blood through the heart. (J00TUBE VIDEO)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xagOnC6sZEU&feature=relatedSchoolhouse Rockhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tgDQN-pvyqw

To To ΣΣ it ↑, it ↑,

Pulmonary vein

Right atrium

Right ventricle

Posteriorvena cava Capillaries of

abdominal organsand hind limbs

Aorta

Left ventricle

Left atriumPulmonary vein

Pulmonaryartery

Capillariesof left lung

Capillaries ofhead and forelimbs

Anteriorvena cava

Pulmonaryartery

Capillariesof right lung

Aorta

Figure 42.5

110

11

5

4

6

2

9

3 3

7

8

THE HEARTTHE HEARTlub-dub, lub-dub…lub-dub, lub-dub…

Figure 42.6

Aorta

Pulmonaryveins

Semilunarvalve

Atrioventricularvalve

Left ventricleRight ventricle

Anterior vena cava

Pulmonary artery

Semilunarvalve

Atrioventricularvalve

Posterior vena cava

Pulmonaryveins

Right atrium

Pulmonaryartery

Leftatrium

Veins of GlassVeins of Glass(and arteries clogged with butter?)(and arteries clogged with butter?)

The flow of blood and relative size of the tubes:

The Structure and Functions of…The Structure and Functions of…ArteriesThe walls - smooth muscleTransport blood away from the heartTransport oxygenated blood only

except pulmonary arteryVeins The walls - three layers of tissues Valves - aid the return of blood to the heart Transport blood towards the heartTransport deoxygenated blood only

except pulmonary vein

CapillariesCapillariesFrom the Latin From the Latin capilluscapillus, hair, hair

 Tiny (extremely narrow) blood vessels5-20 μm in diameter; 1 μm = 0.000001 m

In most organs and tissuessupplied by arterioles, drained by venules.  

Walls - one cell thick (see diagram)permits exchanges

FunctionsSupply Remove Exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, water, salts,

etc.,

One diagram to rule them allOne diagram to rule them alland in the biology room, bind them.and in the biology room, bind them.

There are more differences than just size, see?

The masterminds, er, people at The masterminds, er, people at IB want you to know…IB want you to know…

ArteriesAway from heartOxygenated BloodNarrow lumensMore muscle/elastic

tissueHigher pressure than

vainsNo valves

VeinsTowards the heartDe-oxygenated

BloodWide lumensLess muscle/elastic

tissueLower pressure than

arteriesHave valves

The The PressurePressure to avoid to avoid DiseaseDiseaseBlood pressure and cardiac diseasesBlood pressure and cardiac diseases

http://www.interactive-tutorials.com/_mshost366568/tutorial/folder019/resources/highBloodPressure_Final_11_13_03/index.htmlThis interactive tutorial ties in adrenaline and the diseases of the heart, both of which are IB standards. It also doesn’t hurt for reinforcing the knowledge.