7th Edition

Medical Terminology for Health ProfessionsAnn Ehrlich/Carol L.Schroeder

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The Human Body in Health and Disease

Chapter 2

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Anatomic Reference Systems

• Describe the location and functions of bodyparts using:– Body planes– Body directions– Body cavities– Structural units

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Anatomic Reference Systems

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Anatomic Reference Systems

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Anatomic Reference Systems

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Body Planes

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Anatomic Reference Systems

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Anatomic Reference Systems

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Anatomic Reference Systems

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Cytology

• The study of the formation, structure, andfunction of cells, including:– Chromosomes– DNA– Genetics

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Cytology

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Histology

• The study of tissues, which are composed of cells that join together to perform specificfunctions, including:

– Stem cells– Epithelial tissues– Connective tissues– Muscle tissue

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Glands

• Specialized cells that secrete material usedelsewhere in the body, including:– Exocrine glands– Endocrine glands

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Glands

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Exocrine and Endocrine Glands

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Organ and Body Systems

• Body parts are organized into systemsaccording to function.

• Examples:– Skeletal system– Muscular system– Cardiovascular system

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Pathology

• The study of structural and functional changescaused by disease.

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Key Word Parts and Definitions

• aden/o – gland

• adip/o – fat

• anter/o – before, front

• caud/o – lower part of body, tail

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Key Word Parts and Definitions

• cephal/o – head

• cyt/o, -cyte – cell

• end-, endo- – in, within, inside

• exo- – out of, outside, away from

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Key Word Parts and Definitions

• hist/o, histi/o – tissue

• -ologist – specialist

• -ology – the science or study of

• path/o, -pathy – disease, suffering, feeling, emotion

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Key Word Parts and Definitions

• plas/i, plas/o, -plasia – development, growth, formation

• poster/o – behind, toward the back

• -stasis, -static – control, maintenance of a constant level

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Questions to Get You Thinking

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Question

A chromosome is larger than a gene. True or False?

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Answer

True

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Question

Peas have 14 pairs of chromosomes and pigeonshave 80. How many do humans have?

a. 100b. 145c. 46

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Answer

c. 46

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Question

Stem cells die after a determined life span. True or False?

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Answer

False. Unlike other cells that die after adetermined life span, stem cells can renewthemselves through cell division.

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Question

A communicable disease and a contagiousdisease are the same thing. True or False

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Answer

True

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Answers to Learning Exercises

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Matching Word Parts 12.1. adip/o2.2. anter/o2.3. aden/o2.4. -ologist2.5. -ology

Matching Word Parts 22.6. cyt/o2.7. cephal/o2.8. caud/o2.9. exo-2.10. endo-

Chapter 2 Answers

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Matching Word Parts 32.11. poster/o2.12. -stasis2.13. path/o2.14. -plasia2.15. hist/o

Definitions2.16. nosocomial infection2.17. dominant gene2.18. abdominal cavity2.19. medial2.20. adult stem2.21. phenylketonuria2.22. adenitis2.23. parietal peritoneum2.24. gene2.25. histology

Chapter 2 Answers

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Matching Regions of the Thorax and Abdomen2.26. epigastric region2.27. umbilical region2.28. hypochondriac region2.29. hypogastric region2.30. iliac region

Which Word?2.31. inguinal2.32. genetics2.33. epidemiologist2.34. exocrine glands2.35. inferior

Chapter 2 Answers

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Spelling Counts2.36. mesentery2.37. hemophilia2.38. hypertrophy2.39. epithelial2.40. anomaly

Abbreviation Identification2.41. Huntington’s disease2.42. communicable disease2.43. general practitioner2.44. left upper quadrant2.45. chromosome

Chapter 2 Answers

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Term Selection2.46. proximal2.47. posterior2.48. frontal2.49. midsagittal2.50. distal

Sentence Completion2.51. Down syndrome2.52. physiology2.53. thoracic2.54. iatrogenic2.55. chromosomes

Chapter 2 Answers

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Word Surgery2.56. aden, -ectomy2.57. endo-, -crine2.58. hist, -ologist2.59. retro-, periton, -eal2.60. path, -ologist2.61. eti-, -ology2.62. home/o, -stasis2.63. pan-, dem, -ic2.64. epi-, gastr, -ic2.65. idi/o, path, -ic

Clinical Conditions2.66. epidemic2.67. functional2.68. bloodborne2.69. cytology2.70. vector borne2.71. quadrant2.72. waterborne2.73. pelvic2.74. peritonitis2.75. geneticist

Chapter 2 Answers

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Which Is the Correct Medical Term?2.76. iliac2.77. genome2.78. adenocarcinoma2.79. loose2.80. fetal alcohol syndrome

Challenge Word Building2.81. myoplasty2.82. myalgia2.83. gastrosis2.84. laryngitis2.85. myectomy2.86. gastralgia2.87. laryngectomy2.88. nephrosis2.89. neuroplasty2.90. nephritis

Chapter 2 Answers

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Labeling Exercises2.91. hypochondriac2.92. umbilical2.93. hypogastric2.94. lumbar2.95. iliac2.96. midsagittal2.97. anterior2.98. lateral2.99. posterior2.100. transverse

Chapter 2 Answers