The Human Heart
Structures & Functions
*Note… Words highlighted in blue or red
indicate the oxygenation of the blood flow through that structure.
RED=oxygenated blood BLUE=deoxygenated blood L side heart=oxygenated blood R side heart=deoxygenated blood
Heart
Functions to pump blood to all parts of the body
Muscle tissue = myocardiumSize of a closed fist 5” long and 3.5” wide
Weighs about 12-13 oz
Heart Located in the Thoracic Cavity
between the lungs, in front of the thoracic vertebrae and above the diaphram.
Lies centrally located, but the apex is slightly to the left midline.
Apex
Structures Pericardium Myocardium Endocardium Ventricular Septum
4 chambers: R & L atria R & L ventricles
Heart Structure-
Pericardium: double layer of fibrous tissue (outer layer)
Myocardium: cardiac muscle tissue (middle layer)
Endocardium: smooth muscle tissue lining the interior
Structures leading to and from the heart Superior & Inferior Vena Cava:
large veins which brings deoxygenated blood to the R atrium from all parts of the body.
Pulmonary Artery: takes blood away from the R ventricle to the to the lungs for oxygen.
Structures leading to and from the heart…cont’ Pulmonary veins: which bring
oxygenated blood to the heart from the lungs.
Aorta: takes blood away from the L ventricle to the rest of the body.
Valves of the Heart Tricuspid Valve: structure that is
positioned between the R atrium and R ventricle. It has this name because there are 3 cusps (points) of attachment. It allows blood to flow from the R atrium into the R ventricle, but not in the opposite direction.
Valves of the Heart…cont’
Mitral Valve: located between the L atrium and L ventricle. Blood flows from the L atrium to the L ventricle, while backflow from the ventricle to the atrium is prevented.
Closing of the valves produces heart sounds “lubb-dubb”
Valves of the Heart…cont’ Semilunar Valves
Aortic Semilunar Valve: is at the orafice of the aorta. This valve permits blood flow out of the L ventricle to the aorta, but not backwards into the L ventricle.
Pulmonary Semilunar Valve: is found at the orafice of the pulmonary artery. It lets blood flow from the R ventticle into the pulmonary artery, and then into the lungs.
INSIDE CHAMBER
Labeled StructuresSuperior Vena Cava
R Atrium
IInferior Vena Cava
R Ventricle
Aorta
Pulmonary Artery
L Atrium
L Ventricle
Ventricular Septum
Valves of the Heart
Tricuspid Valve
PulmonarySemilunar Valve
Mitral Valve
Aortic Semilunar Valve
Summary R & L Atria R & L Ventricle Pulmonary Artery Aorta Mitral Valve Tricuspid Valve Superior & Inferior
Vena Cava
Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
Aortic Semilunar Valve
Ventricular Septum
*R side heart = deoxygenated blood
*L side heart = oxygenated blood