“The IAEA International Seismic Safety
Centre and IAEA Safety Standards for
Site Evaluation and Design of NPPs”
2009 Bulgaria Nuclear Energy Conference - BULATOM
27-29 May 2009
Antonio Godoy and Pierre Sollogoub, IAEA
2
IAEA – SEISMIC SAFETY
THE INTERNATIONAL SEISMIC SAFETY CENTRE (ISSC)
Enhancing the Seismic Safety of Nuclear Installations
The ISSC has been established within the IAEA Department of Nuclear Safety and Security as a global focal point on seismic safety for nuclear installations worldwide
September 2008
3
LAUNCHING THE ISSC – 52 GC
• IAEA 52nd Regular Session of the General Conference 2008 -Director General, M. ElBaradei, Statement – “IAEA AT A CROSSROADS”:
“ . . . The Agency is proud to celebrate the 50th Anniversary of the IAEA Safety Standards programme. We continue to upgrade our safety standards, including addressing threats to nuclear installations from extreme natural hazards such as volcanoes and tsunamis. In response to increasing Member States’ concerns, we established an International Seismic Safety Centre, which will pool expert knowledge and assist nuclear operators and regulators in the aftermath of major seismic events. . .”
(Nuclear Safety and Security Section).
4
The 52nd IAEA GENERAL CONFERENCE
“we established an International Seismic
Safety Centre”
Presentation boothon natural hazards
Press conference with Prof. Shibata and Japanese regulatory authority
5
ISSC – BACKGROUND
• Seismic safety of nuclear installations is a subject that has received substantial attention at the IAEA within the frame of its statutory functions, and of the
corresponding programmatic projects, for establishing safety standards and assisting member states for its application.
8/25/2005 12 International Atomic Energy Agency
Safety Standards Series hierarchySafety Standards Series hierarchy
Safety GuidesSafety Guides
RequirementsRequirements
Safety FundamentalsSafety Fundamentals
6
ISSC – BACKGROUND
• From the inception of the nuclear safety standards in the 1970s, both areas i.e.
• (a) the seismic hazard evaluation at a site and
• (b) the seismic design, seismic qualificationand seismic re-evaluation and upgrading of structures, systems and components of
nuclear power plants
have been treated in a scientific and detailed manner based on the experience of and the consensus between MSs in its treatment.
7
ISSC – BACKGROUND
• The IAEA safety guides have been revised three
times during last 35 years and a new revision process started recently.
A new safety guide on the seismic safety evaluation of existing nuclear installations is in
the publication stage (DS383) and the current safety guide on seismic hazard assessment (NS-G-3.3) is presently under revision process (as DS422).
8
ISSC – BACKGROUND
• These IAEA safety standards have matured with time and with invaluable feedback from a very large number of advisory and review services .
Now they are documents that are referred to by a majority of our MSs.
• These seismic safety review services started in
the beginning of the 1980s and more than 100 were implemented to date for new nuclear installations and for safety upgrading of existing ones.
» At the site selection phase (siting),
» At the site evaluation phase
» During operation.
9
ISSC – BACKGROUND
• Recently seismic matters are paid more attention owing to the occurrence of strong earthquakes that have affected nuclear power plants beyond their original design levels,
impacting on the operation, economics and public credibility of these installations.
Earthquake Effects at the Plant: Fire at in-house (non-safety) electrical transformer
The fire was extinguished after 2 hours. The fire was extinguished after 2 hours.
Root cause: soil subsidence of the base of Root cause: soil subsidence of the base of
the secondary connection bus bar with the secondary connection bus bar with
respect to the transformer foundation. respect to the transformer foundation.
11
Earthquake Effects at the Plant:Rupture of Fire Protection Water Pipe
Annex
CavityWater
flow
BF5
Duct
BF4
BF3
BF2
BF1
Ground Level
S/P
RPV
Sump
R/B
The flooding affected radioactive waste
processing equipment on BF5 of the Annex.
Ruptured FP water pipe.
Root cause: soil failure
Amount of leaked water::::
approx. 2000m3
12
Earthquake Effects at the Plant:Non-safety related Class B & C and Other SSCs
Near Unit 5
Near Switch Yard
Service Roads Ground Subsidence
Light Oil Tank Yard
13
What we’ve learned from recent strong earthquakes?
• Consequences:� Impacts on safety and non-safety related systems
� Damages to structures, equipment and infrastructure (roads, fire fighting system)
� Seismically induced internal fire and flood
� Public concern – Response to the emergency
• Vibratory ground motions beyond the original design levels: >>SL-2 earthquake level.
• Realistic assessment of seismic margins. Earthquake experience data.
• Increased attention on findings and lessons, particularly, for new NPP projects and for “newcomers”.
1414
OTHER EXTERNAL EVENTS
• AIRCRAFT CRASH – 9/11
• INDIAN OCEAN TSUNAMI – December 2004
• HURRICANES
• TORNADOES
• VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS
15
ISSC – BACKGROUND
• Owing to the complexity of these multidisciplinary problems they should be resolved using the experience and contribution
of the whole related international scientific community as well as sharing the lessons learned in order to avoid or mitigate the consequences of such extreme natural events.
16
ISSC – OBJECTIVES
The objectives of the ISSC are:
1. Enhance seismic safety of nuclear installations –new and existing- in Member States;
2. Help in the development, revision and
improvement of related safety standards;
3. Pool expert knowledge and assist nuclear operators and regulators in the aftermath of major seismic events;
4. Promote knowledge sharing among the international nuclear community.
17
ISSC – AREAS OF ACTIVITIES
The main areas of the ISSC follow the functions established in the IAEA Statute:
1.1. Development of safety standards,Development of safety standards, as part of the
statutory functions and regular budget activities;;
2. Assistance to MSs on the application of the safety standards throughthrough safety review safety review
servicesservices;
3.3. Development ofDevelopment of specific technical activitiesspecific technical activities
through dedicated topical R&D projects;through dedicated topical R&D projects;
4.4. Education, Training, Knowledge SharingEducation, Training, Knowledge Sharing. .
18
IAEA NS - NSNI – ESS/ISSC
Department
of
Safeguards
Department
of
Nuclear
Science and
Applications
Department
of
Management
Department
of
Nuclear
Safety and
Security
(NS)
Department
of
Nuclear
Energy
Department
of
Technical
Cooperation
NSNI/ISSC
1919
NS – Nuclear Safety Installation Division
Near future - Current proposal – 2ndH 2009:
ISSC
RAS-Regulatory
SAS-Safety Assessment
OSS-Operational
Safety
RRSS-ResearchReactors
Division of Nuclear Installation Safety
(NSNI)
INTERNATIONAL
SEISMIC SAFETY
CENTRE (ISSC):• Site Selection and
Site Evaluation
• Seismic safety
• Other External/Internal Hazards
• Human Induced Events including malevolent origin
• Environmental Impact Assessment
• Chapters 2 and 3 of SAR
2020
STRUCTURE OF ISSC
Development of
Safety Standards
INTERNATIONAL SEISMIC
SAFETY CENTRE
(ISSC)
Application of Safety
Standards
SCIENTIFIC
COMMITTEE(ScC)
IAEA Safety Standards ProgrammeTOPICAL TECHNICAL PROJECTS
1. Seismic hazard assessment
2. International benchmarks
3. Post-earthquake actions
4. Earthquake and Plant Database – Knowledge Sharing
5. Experience feedback
6. Tsunami and Flood Hazards
7. Volcanic Hazards
Site and Seismic Safety
Review Services
Education & Training
IAEA
MEMBER STATES
(MSs)
Technical Meetings, Experts
Meetings, Consultants.
Workshops
Services to Member States
Supports Advice
21
STRUCTURE OF ISSC
The ISSC is part as a Section of the organizational structure of the Nuclear Safety Installation Division, and is constituted by:
1. IAEA Staff Members
2. An extended roster of international specialists in all disciplines of seismic safety and earthquake engineering
3. The Scientific Committee by highly recognized international scientists in all related fields.
• Included in the Budget and Programme Planning for 2010-2011.
22
ISSC – SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE (ScC)
• The ScC is constituted within the framework of the ISSC. • The main function of the ScC is to provide scientific
guidance relative to:• (a) state-of-the-art developments in the required fields
of knowledge and expertise, and • (b) the activities, work plan, results and documents
prepared within ISSC scope. • The ScC will be constituted by worldwide recognized
scientists and experts, mainly from the academic and engineering fields, representing all related knowledge areas of the ISSC scope and with consideration to the experience from different geographic regions.
• The membership of the ScC may be changed considering the need to adapt it to the work plan activities.
2323
ISSC - SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE
EUROPE ASIA NORTH AMERICA
SOUTH AMERICA
GEOLOGY X X X -.-
SEISMOLOGY -.- X -.- X
SEISMIC HAZARD X -.- X -.-
GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING
X -.- -.- -.-
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
X X -.- X
EQUIPMENT X X X -.-
SEISMIC RISK -.- X X -.-
Technical areasRegions
TSUNAMI HAZARD
VOLCANIC HAZARD
24
ISSC – AREAS OF ACTIVITIES
ACT. II
Safety review
services
ACT. I
Safety Standards
ACT. IVEducation and
Training services
ACT. III
Topical projects
and R&D
ACT. V
Knowledge sharing database of earthquakes, plants and methodology
information
International Seismic Safety Centre conducts projects
with four main ‘vertical’ pillars and maintains one
knowledge sharing database as an ‘horizontal’ cross-
cutting activity.
25
MAIN AREAS OF ACTIVITIES
• Activity I : Development of Safety Standards
• Activity II : Implementation of safety review services,
to assist MSs on the application of the
safety standards
(Engineering Review Services)
• Activity III : Development of specific methodologies
and guidelines through dedicated topical
projects and R&D
• Activity IV : Education and Training
• Activity V : Knowledge management and database
2626
IAEA Safety Standards on Site Evaluation
SITE EVALUATION
REQUIREMENTS
GUIDES
SAFETY GUIDES
8/25/2005 12 International Atomic Energy Agency
Safety Standards Series hierarchySafety Standards Series hierarchy
Safety GuidesSafety Guides
RequirementsRequirements
Safety FundamentalsSafety Fundamentals
2727
NS-R-3 Requirements for Site Evaluation for Nuclear Installations
3.1 Safety Guide: EXTERNAL HUMAN INDUCED EVENTS in Site Evaluation for NPPs
3.2 Safety Guide: DISPERSION OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL IN AIR AND WATER and Consideration of Population Distribution in Site Evaluation for NPPs
3.5 Safety Guide: FLOOD HAZARDS for NPPs on Coastal and River Site
3.3 Safety Guide: Evaluation of SEISMIC HAZARDS for Nuclear Installations
3.4 Safety Guide: METEOROLOGICAL EVENTS in Site Evaluation for NPPs
XX-DS405-VOLCANIC HAZARDS in Site Evaluation for Nuclear Installations
3.6 Safety Guide: GEOTECHNICAL ASPECTS of Site Evaluation and Foundation for NPPs
SITE EVALUATION OF NUCLEAR INSTALLATIONS:
Merged with Radiation Assessment for
Environmental Inspect.
DPP to be prepared.
DPP422 approved by CSS.
Revision of current version.
For nuclear installations.
New.
DPP417 approved by CSS.
Merged of current 3.4 and 3.5.
For nuclear installations.
New.
Draft prepared.
DPP to be prepared to
formalize NUSSC approval.
Actions
Published in 2002.
To be revised after 2010 (if needed).
Published in 2004.
To be revised after 2011 (if needed).
Note: current structure future structure
28
ACTIVITY I: SAFETY STANDARDS
1. DS 422 Safety Guide – Evaluation of Seismic Hazards of Nuclear Installations• Comments from MSs, 20 March 2009
• Consultants Meeting, April 2009
• NUSSC meeting, June 2009
• CSS meeting, Nov. 2009
• Publication, Feb. 2010
2. DS 417 – Meteorological and Hydrological Hazards in Site Evaluation of Nuclear Installations (To combine and supersede NS-G-3.4 and -3.5)• 5th CS March/April 2009, Vienna
• 6th CS Tsunami - May 2009, Japan
• 7th CS Final draft - July 2009, Vienna
• Approval by NUSSC for submission to MSs: October 2009
• CSS meeting: Sept 2010
• Target publication date: Feb 2011
29
(Continuation from the previous page)
3. DS 383 Safety Guide – Seismic Evaluation of Existing
Nuclear Installations Published as NS-G-2.13
• Final editing and publication process is currently underway.
4. DS405 Evaluation of Volcanic Hazards for Nuclear
Installations
• Draft to NUSSC in June 2009.
5. Revision of NS-G-1.6 – Seismic Design and Qualification for
Nuclear Power Plants
• Revision process to start in 4Q/2009
ACTIVITY I: SAFETY STANDARDS
30
ACTIVITY I: SAFETY STANDARDS
6. Safety Reports and TECDOCs:
• Safety Report on “Pre-earthquake planning and post-
earthquake action for existing nuclear power plants”
(to be published as a Safety Report in 4Q/2009)
• TECDOC on “Safety Significance of a Type of Seismic
Input Motions and Consequences on Nuclear Industry
Practice” Final Review
• Safety Report on “Methodologies for Seismic Safety
Evaluation for existing Nuclear Installations” 2010
• TECDOC on “Seismic instrumentation for plant
shutdown, restart and exceedence criteria” 2010
31
ACTIVITY I: SAFETY STANDARDS
• Other safety guides under within ISSC framework• Site Evaluation for Nuclear Installations (NS-R-3 revision)
• Protection against Internal and External Hazards in the Design of NPPs
(combining four existing guides)
• Geotechnical Aspects of Site Evaluation and Foundations for Nuclear
Installations (To supersede NS-G-3.6)
• External Human Induced Events in Site Evaluation for Nuclear
Installations (To supersede NS-G-3.1)
• Site Survey for Nuclear Installations (Revision of Safety Series 50-SG-S9
(1984))
• And more safety reports• Safety Report on “Lessons learned from the Niigataken Chuetsu-oki
earthquake in July 2007 and the K-K NPP experience”
32
SAFETY STANDARDS – PLANNING FOR SITE EVALUATION
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6
1
NS-R-3 Site Evaluation for
Nuclear Installations Safety
Requirements (2003)
-
2
NS-G- 3.1 External Human
Induced Events in Site Evaluation
for Nuclear Pow er Plants Safety
Guide (2002)
-
3
NS-G- 3.2 D ispersion of
Radioactiv e M aterial in Air and
Wat er and Consideration of
Population D istribution in Site
Evaluation for Nuclear Pow er
Plants Safety Guide (2002)
DS 427
4
NS-G- 3.3 Ev aluat ion of Seismic
Hazards for Nuclear Power Plants
Safety Guide (2003)
DS 422
5
NS-G- 3.4 Meteoro logical Events in
Site Evaluation for Nuclear Pow er
Plants Safety Guide (2003)
6
NS-G- 3.5 Flood Hazard for
Nuclear Power Plants on Coastal
and R iv er Sites Safety Guide
(2004)
7
NS-G- 3.6 Geotechnical Aspects of
Site Evaluation and Foundations
for Nuclear Pow er Plants Safety
Guide (2005)
-
8
DS405 Volcanic Hazards in Site
Evaluation for Nuclear Pow er
Plants
DS 405
9SG-S9 Site Survey and Site
Selection (1984)SG-S9
Keydates:
(1) DPP Approved by NUSSC/W ASC (5) Subm iss ion to M Ss. (9) Editing and Publicat ion Comm ittee
(2) DPP Approved by CSS (6) Comments from MSs. (10) Publishing
(3) 1st D raft f inished for sending to NUSSC/W ASC (7) Approval by NUSSC
(4) NUSSC Approval (8) Approval by CSS
DS 417
SITE SELECTION AND EVALUATION: PLANNING PROCESS FOR REVIEW ING / REVIS ING SAFETY STANDARDSRev. 0 3 Date : 23 .04 .2 009
20112009 2010IAEA Safety Standard on Site
Selection and Evaluation
Previous
Years
(1) ( 5) ( 10)
( 1)
(6 ) (7) (9)
(1) (2) ( 8) ( 9)
(1)
(1) (2) (10)(6) ( 8)( 7) ( 9)(3 ) (5)( 4)
(1)
(8)
(1)
(6) ( 7)(3) (5)(4)
( 1) ( 3)( 2) ( 4)
( 2)
(2) ( 6) (7)( 3) (5)( 4)
( 2)
(10)
(2) (3) (4)
33
SS - PLANNING FOR DESIGN/EXTERNAL EVENTS
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6
1
NS-G-1.5 External Events
Excluding Earthquakes in the
Design of Nuclear Power Plants
Safety Guide (2003)
-
2
NS-G-1.6 Seismic Design and
Qualif ication for Nuclear Power
Plants Safety Guide (2003)
-
3
NS-G-1.7 Protection Against
Internal Fires and Explosions in
the Design of Nuclear Power
Plants Safety Guide (2004)
-
4
NS-G-1.11 Protection against
Internal Hazards other than Fires
and Explosions in the Design of
Nuclear Power Plants Safety
Guide (2004)
-
Keydates:
(1) DPP Approved by NUSSC/WASC (5) Submission to MSs. (9) Editing and Publication Committee
(2) DPP Approved by CSS (6) Comments from MSs. (10) Publishing
(3) 1st Draft finished for sending to NUSSC/WASC (7) Approval by NUSSC
(4) NUSSC Approval (8) Approval by CSS
DESIGN RELATED EXTERNAL / INTERNAL EVENTS: PLANNING PROCESS FOR REVIEWING / REVISING SAFETY STANDARDS Rev. 03 Date: 23.04.2009
IAEA Safety Standard on DesignPrevious
Years
2009 2010 2011
(1) (2)(TM)
34
• Current review activities on engineering safety and site selection and evaluation to be performed under ISSC
• Kashiwazaki-Kariwa (conducted as a special fact-finding programme)
• Armenia
• Jordan
• Turkey
• UAE
• Algeria
• Romania
• Egypt
• Belarus
• China
• Vietnam
• Malaysia
• Tunisia
• Bangladesh
ACTIVITY II: SAFETY REVIEW SERVICES
35
IAEA INVOLVEMENT – K-K NPP
1. “Seismic Safety Expert Mission - Preliminary Findings and Lessons Learned”, August 2007.
2. “1st Follow up Mission in relation to the Findings and Lessons Learned”, January/February 2008.
3. “Experts Meeting in relation to the Geological and Geophysical investigations”, May 2008.
4. “Experts Meeting in relation to the New Revised Seismic Hazard Assessment for the K-K NPP site”, June 2008.
5. “IAEA International Workshop on Lessons Learned from Recent Strong Earthquakes”, Kashiwazaki, Japan, June 2008.
6. “Experts Meeting in relation to the Geological and Geophysical investigations”, September 2008.
7. Presentations in international meetings and tasks related to ongoing EBP projects.
8. “2nd Follow up Mission in relation to the Findings and Lessons Learned”, 1-5 December 2008.
36
Kashiwazaki-Kariwa update
• Niigata-ken Chuetsu-oki Earthquake (July 16, 2007)• Evaluation of the Integrity of SSCs during NCOE
• Analyses, Inspections • Re-evaluation of the seismic hazard for future operation• Evaluation of the plant seismic safety to new hazard and definition of
upgrades: approved by NISA (January 23, 2009)• NISA finished its report on system function and structural robustness
(February 12, 2009) • Minister of Economy, Mr. T. Nikai, issued a statement "there is no
safety hurdle in restarting" (February 13, 2009)• Mayors (April 8, 2009) and Governor (May 8, 2009) gave consent for
restart • TEPCO restarted the reactor of Unit 7. (May 9, 2009)
• 22 months for the restart of the first (of 7) Unit!
37
• Topical researches and studies to be conducted within scope of the “EBP Seismic” project in relation to the earthquake and its effect on NPPs
• Seismic Hazard Evaluation, CAV/JMA Research/GM Simulat, • KARISMA (International analyses benchmark Unit 7 of KK NPP)• Post earthquake plant response actions
• Seismic Instrumentation and Exceedance Criteria• Detailed guidelines for Seismic safety Re-evaluation of Existing
Installations• DATABASE: Seismic and Tsunami
� OECD/NEA-IAEA Survey on NPPs that have experienced earthquakes
� On line monitoring system
• Probabilistic fault displacement assessment and other NISA/TEPCOactivities
• PSHA project by NISA, Japan.
• R&D – Regional Centres • Tsunamis and Volcanic Hazards Assessment projects
ACTIVITY III: TOPICAL PROJECTS AND R&D
38
ACTIVITY IV: EDUCATION AND TRAINING
1) ISSC Annual Workshop in Kashiwazaki
2) Training Course in Genève and ICTP
3) Workshop on issues and lessons learned in China
(Asia region)
4) International Annual Workshop in Latin America
39
ACTIVITY IV: EDUCATION AND TRAINING
1) ISSC Annual Workshop in Kashiwazaki
• Organizer: IAEA-ISSC
• Joint-organizer: NISA
• Target: November 2009 at Kashiwazaki, Japan
• Resource: 2009 Voluntary contribution of NISA for
ISSC
• Scope: Developments and projections of all
ISSC activities and Annual Plenary
Meeting of ISSC Scientific Committee
• Participants: Up to 50 experts in relation to ISSC
activities
• Output: A report (with working materials)
40
ACTIVITY IV: EDUCATION AND TRAINING
2) Training Courses a. Hazard assessment methods of critical facilities
• Organizer: University of Genève
• Co-Organizer: IAEA-ISSC
• Schedule: August 2010
• Location: Genève, Switzerland
b. ICTP course on Seismic Safety of nuclear facilities
• Organizer: International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP)
• Co-Organizer: IAEA-ISSC
• Schedule: 30 November - 4 December 2009
• Location: Trieste, Italy
• Resources: ICTP budget
41
ACTIVITY IV: EDUCATION AND TRAINING
3) ISSC Workshop on issues and lessons learned from recent earthquakes in China (tentative)
• Organizer: IAEA-ISSC
• Joint-organizer: to be announced
• Target: July/August 2009 in Shanghai, China
• Resource: 2009 Voluntary contribution of European Union for ISSC
• Scope: Whole ISSC scope in the region of Asia
• Participants: Experts on Seismic hazard analysis, seismology, structure engineering relating to nuclear installation mainly from Asian countries
• Output: A report (with working materials)
42
ACTIVITY IV: EDUCATION AND TRAINING
4) International Annual Workshop in Latin America
• Organizer: IAEA-ISSC
• Joint-organizer: National Atomic Energy Commission (Argentina)
• Target: 5-9, October 2009 in Buenos-Aires, Argentina
• Resources: 2009 EU Contribution for ISSC
• Scope: External Hazards for Nuclear Installations
• Participants: Experts on Seismic hazard analysis, seismology, structure engineering from Latin American countries.
• Output: A report (with working materials)
43
ACTIVITY IV: EDUCATION AND TRAINING
• Other activities:
• Asia Nuclear Safety Network workshop in
South-east Asia
• Tentative target Winter 2009/2010
• Scope: Safety Requirements of NPP Siting
• 20th Structural Mechanics in Reactor Technology
(SMiRT 20) : An Special Session regarding the KK NPP
experience (Aug. 2009, Finland)
44
ACTIVITY V: KNOWLEDGE & DATABASE
• Collection of information for sharing knowledge and experiences of real earthquake effects on NPPs
• Survey on NPPs that have experienced earthquakes – collaboration with OECD/NEA –
• Creation and maintenance of a seismic safety Database
• Bibliography and reports
• Real earthquake records of Strong Ground Motion Accelerometers
• Documents produced by topical researches
• Results on experimental tests for equipment seismic qualification
• Seismic Hazard Assessment
• Earthquake Occurrence Monitoring Display System
452/27/2014 45
When strong earthquake happens, Monitoring System will give a warning on screen and will show NPP sites nearby the earthquakes and list them
according to the criteria. The system will be a web based online monitoring system.
The information obtained from the system will be used for further assessment of the NSNI/ISSC.
Monitoring System will also generate an automatic
e-mail and SMS massage and send to relevant persons.
Monitoring System for NPP Sites
nearby Strong Earthquakes
46
Screen 1: Home Page (Default)
Map of the world with location of NPP sites and location of recent earthquakes listed in the right table appears in the Home Page.
List of earthquakes with different colour
Green background for 3 < M < 5
Yellow background for 5 < M < 7
Red background for M > 7
When an earthquake M>5 happen, the earthquake is automatically selected and Screen 2 is loaded,orwhen we click one of the listed earthquake, Screen 2 is loaded.
List is in date order but,
If 3 < M < 5, Ei disappears after 1 week
If 5 < M < 7, Ei disappears after 2 weeks
If M > 7, Ei disappears after 1 monthfrom the list and the map.
(This should be customizable through user
interface, if it is possible.)
47
Screen 2: When an earthquake selected
List of NPP sites within Earthquake Concern Region and their distance to epicentre
Two ways of operation:
(1) Default selection is latest earthquake
(automatically).
(2) we can select an previous earthquake
(manually).
In both case, selected one appears in details
with different background.
Criteria for the list of NPP sitesdx = 50 km 5 > M ≥ 3
dx = 300 km 7 > M ≥ 5
dx = 1000 km M ≥ 7
5 km 18 km
35 km
37 km
49 km …
.
Distance to epicentre
Draw the page acc. to
selected dx distance
Redraw
dx
Map with locations of NPP sites and Earthquake Concern
Region (by default dxis calculated according to given criteria.)
When an NPP site is selected, Screen 3 is loaded.
dx default value is
loaded using the below
criteria. It can be given
manually.
Reference list
.
1- Reference table
---
(We can write more information
about EQ to the table.)
2- If an earthquake is in
Japan region (it will be given),
link to K-net will appears http://www.k-net.bosai.go.jp/k-
net/quake/index_en.html
48
Screen 3: Specific NPP Site data
By default, the first unit is selected. Otherwise any unit can be selected manually.
Unit details of selected unit
4949
IAEA – ISSC
THE INTERNATIONAL SEISMIC SAFETY CENTRE (ISSC)
WHERE WE ARE NOW?
WHERE ARE WE GOING?
5050
PRESENT SITUATION: “ISOLATED” APPROACH
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
EBP
Tsunami
EBP
Seismic
EBP ISSC
Japan
NCO July 2007
Earthquake
K-K NPP
EBP ISSC EC(Proposed Project)
5 years
ISSC
CU
RR
EN
T E
PB
s
Need of Sustainability
(1SC) (2SC) (3SC)
(3SC)(2SC)
(FSC)
(FSC)(1SC)
(PM)
(PM)
5151
LONG TERM VISION – “INTEGRATED” APPROACH
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
EBP Tsunami (2) (3)
EBP Seismic (2) (3)
EBP ISSC
Japan
(1) (2) (3)
EBP ISSC EC 5 years
ISSC
CU
RR
EN
T E
BP
s
Sustainability - stability
++
5252
IAEA – ISSC
THE INTERNATIONAL SEISMIC SAFETY
CENTRE (ISSC)
WHERE ARE WE GOING?:
AN INTEGRATED APPROACH FOR EXTERNAL EVENTS
• Natural and human induced external events
• Accidental and malevolent origin
• Hazard, design and re-evaluation
5353
CONCLUDING REMARKS
• “Lessons learned” from the occurrence of strong natural events, (tsunamis, earthquakes,
hurricanes, etc.)
• The INTERNATIONAL SEISMIC SAFETY CENTRE as a global focal point for the nuclear
engineering community in those fields.
• A need for international cooperation, openness
and transparency – Sharing of experience.
54
International Atomic Energy Agency
Thank you for your attention