Date post: | 20-Jan-2018 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | adelia-matthews |
View: | 216 times |
Download: | 0 times |
The Industrial
RevolutionHow It Changed
the WORLD!
Pre-Industrialization
Pre-Industrialization1. People had made
goods for THOUSANDS of years before the industrial revolution.
A, Things were made SLOWLY. (low productivity) all BY HAND.
B. WORKMEN handled all facets of production > different quality goods.
C. Guilds created production STANDARDS, but prices were HIGH.
The Industrial Rev.
The Industrial Rev. B. What was the
Industrial Revolution?1. Once the IR occurred
a. Things made QUICKLY (high productivity), mostly by machine.
b. Workmen handle one discrete task > same quality of mass produced ITEMS.
c. FACTORIES made similar goods with same production standards; prices came down.
2. Spatial distributiona. Work done at a
FACTORY. GOODS sold near
and fat. WORKERS paid by
the hour.b. Industry was
clustered in FEW places.
The Industrial Rev.
Great Britain
Great BritainC. Why did it begin in Great
Britain?1. CAPITALIST system.a. Guilds had created a
middle class of workmen.b. People free to form
businesses.c. Educationd. Patent system
encouraged development.2. Jethro Tull’s seed drill
(1701) and other developments > improved productivity in farming > People could leave farms and work elsewhere.
Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain3. Raw materials
IRON ORE, COAL
4. Rivers, canals, harbors EASE IN TRADE
5. Small, compact size IRON AND COAL NEAR RIVERS AND HARBORS
6. Existing banking system COULD BORROW $ TO BUY MACHINERY,7.Stable political system.
7.Colonies GUARANTED MARKETS, ADDITIONAL RAW MATERIALS
Key Developments
Key Developments1. James Watt patents
the STEAM ENGINE 1769
a. WOOD replaces running water as source of energy.
b. CHANGES location of machinery It was located by running water STREAMS AND RIVERS. Now it can be located wherever WOOD exists (more flexibility)
2. STEAM ENGINE adapts to iron industry (iron deposits in Midlands, S Scotland and S Wales.)
a. Steam engine provides a stead supply of HOT AIR for blast furnace.
b. > ease in (s)melting iron and shaping it into “PIGS.”
Key Developments
Key Developments
Key Developmentsc. Other industries
arise from IRON industry.
- Wood becomes scarce > coal > COKE (factories move to coal fields)
- INTERGATED factories where iron is smelted and processed into steel.
- Need to transport coal and iron > RAIL ROAD
Key Developments
Key Developments3. Steam engine adapts to TEXTILE industry. a. COTTON FIBER spun into thread
(inefficient by hand; efficient by machine)b. THREAD woven into cloth with power
looms in large factories.
Effects - economic
Effects - economic1. ECONOMIC: More goods at lower prices.
Effects - social
Effects - social2. SOCIAL: Available labor leaves farms and
clusters in cities.a. Urban blight > pollutionb. Canned food (encourages a new industry)
Effects – political
Effects – political3. POLITICAL: Surplus labor > mistreated workers> liberalism and communism become more popular.
Effects – tech.
Effects – tech.4. TECHNOLOGICAL Rail road and steam ship.
Effects – agriculture
Effects – agriculture5. AGRICULTURE: Second agricultural revolution.a. Increased productivityb. B. Use of machinery > larger farms > enclosures
Effects – demographic
Effects – demographic6. DEMOGRAPHIC: Caused movement from stage 1 to stage 2 of DTM.
Early Diffusion
Early Diffusion1. EASTWARD to
Belgium, France, and Germany (early 1800s; delay due to Napoleonic Wars.
2. Further DIFFUSION to Italy, Netherlands, Russia, and Sweden by late 1800s.
3. US not affected by political instability in Europe; Diffusion by early 1800s.
a. 8,000 spindles of textiles in 1808 > 80,000 by 1811.
b. By Civil War, US was world’s 2nd largest power.