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The Industrial Revolution in England & the Agricultural Revolution
The Industrial Revolution in England & the Agricultural Revolution
• 10.3: Students analyze the effects of the Industrial Revolution in England, France, Germany, Japan and
the United States
• 10.3.1: Analyze why England was the first country to industrialize
• 10.3.2: Examine how scientific and technological changes & new forms of energy brought about
massive social, economic, & cultural change (e.g. the inventions and discoveries of James Watt, Eli
Whitney, Henry Bessemer, Louis Pasteur, Thomas Edison)
• 10.3.3: Describe the growth of population, rural to urban migration, and growth of cities associated with
the Industrial Revolution.
• 10.3.4: Trace the evolution of work & labor, including the demise of the slave trade & effects of
immigration, mining, manufacturing, division of labor, and the union movement
• 10.3.5: Understand the connections among natural resources, entrepreneurship, labor, and the union
movement
• 10.3.6: Analyze the emergence of capitalism as a dominant economic pattern and the responses to it,
including Utopianism, Social Democracy, Socialism & Communism
• 10.3.7: Describe the emergence of Romanticism in art and literature (e.g. the poetry of William Blake &
William Wordsworth), social criticism (e.g. the novels of Charles Dickens), and the move away from
Classicism in Europe
Objectives
Students will be able to:
• Analyze the causes and effects of the Industrial Revolution
• Ability to connect the events and inventions from the Industrial
Revolution and how it has affected their lives today.
• Explain the beginnings of the industrialization in Britain
• Describe key inventions that furthered the Industrial Revolution
• Trace the impact of the railroads on the British Industry.
• Describe industrialization in the United States and France
• Identify the effects of industrialization on the rest of the world
• Describe the evolution of democracy and how it differed from other
economic patterns
Essential Question
• How did the Industrial revolution impact
the world?
What do you see here?
How would you
describe how the
people are dressed?
What are the people
doing?How do they seem to feel about their work?
What might these people enjoy or not enjoy about their life-style?
When watching the video . . .
•What was the Industrial Revolution?
•Why did it begin in England?
•What were the positive and negative effects of the Industrial Revolution?
What did you learn?
•What was the Industrial Revolution?
•Why did it begin in England?
•What were the positive and negative effects of the Industrial Revolution?
What was THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION?
The shift, beginning in England in the 18th century, from making goods by hand to making them by machine.
Why did the Industrial Revolution start in Britain?
Britain attacked France and became involved in a
long war.
The French navy blockaded Britain and forced the
British to produce more food.
Napoleon became emperor and the French armies were victorious for
the early 1800s.
CAUSES
Population Explosion• England - huge increase in population in
the late 1760s.
• More people need more food.
• The French blockade meant that the British had to produce more food.
• Large landowners chase small tenant farmers (renters) off their lands to try to make the most profit from the increased price of food.
Britain starts the Industrial Revolution
Natural Resources• System of navigable
rivers and canals.
• surrounded by harbors
• coal, iron, and other fuel
• food sources
Population• A population
explosion gave England
plenty of workers
• Large population also
meant a large market
Technology• Inventors that changed
working life
• Roads and railroads were
invented in England and
helped transportation
Money• England had a bank that
loaned entrepreneurs
money to start
companies.
Industrialization and the WorldThe problem with industrialization was that it demanded a
lot of natural resources.
England could not continue to provide all of the natural resources the growing factories demanded.
The people of England could not continue to keep buying all of the goods that the factories produced.
The answer was to take over the world and bring in natural
resources from other countries and sell them factory-
made goods.
Geography
natural resources - iron and coal
separation from the European continent kept them out of wars
Government
trade encouraged and population allowed to relocate
helped build canals and roads
Social Factors
British society less rigid than other European countries
Colonial Empire
supplied raw material and provided market for goods
Advantages of Industrializing First
no other competition for manufactured goods monopoly on technology
In Review: Why Britain Led the Industrial Revolution
In Review:
Industrial Revolution starts in Britain?
Britain’s Agricultural Revolution
• The large landowners consolidate
their property into enclosures –
land that is walled off.
The former tenant farmers that were chased off the lands during the period of enclosure were forced to move into villages and towns.
Results: Shift in Population
Many found work at home making textile products (making wool, flax, and cotton into cloth).
Britain’s Agricultural Revolution• Increased technology and new
inventions make the British farmers the
most productive in the world.
– Some examples include: Plow & Moldboard,
Seed Drills, Machines that Harvest
Results: Can support their explosive population
Fewer farmers can now produce more food than ever before.
The landlords started crop rotation. They would change the crops that they would plant in
different fields to make sure that the fields retained their nutrients.
New crops such as corn and potatoes were introduced
that increased the amount of food that Britain produced.
The changes in the way the people in Britain farmed
resulted in huge increases in the amount of food that the
land produced.
Agricultural Revolution
In Review: THE Agricultural REVOLUTION
2. The Agricultural Revolution
A. Enclosure Movement
i. landlords fenced in common land and used new
farming technology
ii. peasants became poorer
B. Crop Rotation
i. fields regained nutrients by planting different crops
C. Other Discoveries
i. seed drill planted seeds quickly
ii. new crops: corn and potato
D. Results in more food and population increase
