The intercalation of organic and organometallic species in naturally

occuring layered minerals

Līva DZENE

Bibliographical project

Poitiers, 15 mars 2012

UFR Sciences fondamentales et Appliquées

Outline

Terms and definitions

Intercalation

Naturally occuring layered minerals

Organic and organometallic species

Interest and application

Bibliographical project, 15.03.2012 2

The intercalation of organic and organometallic species in naturally occuring layered minerals

Intercalation - the penetration of organic molecules into the interlayer space of clay minerals

Bibliographical project, 15.03.2012 3

Grafting – forming covalent bonds between reactive surface groups and organic species

Bibliographical project, 15.03.2012 4

The intercalation of organic and organometallic species in naturally occuring layered minerals

Pillaring - restructuring of the clay mineral structure to increase capacity for adsorption

Bibliographical project, 15.03.2012 5

The intercalation of organic and organometallic species in naturally occuring layered minerals

The intercalation of organic and organometallic species in naturally occuring layered minerals

Clay minerals

Kaolinite (also dickite, nackrite and halloysite)

Smectites and vermiculites

Bibliographical project, 15.03.2012 6

Other layered minerals:

Alkali silicates

Silicic acid

Niobates

Phosphates, arsenates, sulfates

Titanates

Layered double hydroxides

Bibliographical project, 15.03.2012 7

The intercalation of organic and organometallic species in naturally occuring layered minerals

Interlayer reactions

Bibliographical project, 15.03.2012 8

Hydrogen bond forming

(Hydrazine, urea, formamide)

High dipole moments

(DMSO, pyridine-N-oxide)

Other

(Potassium, ammonium acetates)

Bibliographical project, 15.03.2012 9

The intercalation of organic and organometallic species in naturally occuring layered minerals

Bibliographical project, 15.03.2012 10

The intercalation of organic and organometallic species in naturally occuring layered minerals

Polar organic molecules Neutral organic ligands

Organic cations

Adsorbents

Thickening and tixotropic agents

Printing paper

Materials with catalytic, optical and electronic funtions

Nanocomposites

Photochromic reakctions

Ultraviolet radiation filters

Catalysts in organic synthesis

Bibliographical project, 15.03.2012 11

Interest and application

Conclusions

Intercalation – inclusion of organic molecules (guest) in the laminar structure (host)

Minerals - kaolinite, smectites, vermiculites and other

Type of organic molecule depends on mineral structure and purpose of study

Various applications

Bibliographical project, 15.03.2012 12

References

Bergaya, F., Theng, B. K. G., & Lagaly, G. (Eds.). (2006). Handbook of Clay Science, Developments in Clay Science, Vol. 1. Elsevier Ltd. Lagaly, G., & Beneke, K. (1991). Intercalation and exchange reactions of clay minerals and non-clay layer compounds. Colloid & Polymer Science, 269, 1198-1211. Nagendrappa, G. (2011). Organic synthesis using clay and clay-supported catalysts. Applied Clay Science, 53(2), 106-138. Elsevier B.V. doi:10.1016/j.clay.2010.09.016 Pomogailo, a. D. (2006). Synthesis and intercalation chemistry of hybrid organo-inorganic nanocomposites. Polymer Science Series C, 48(1), 85-111. doi:10.1134/S181123820601005X Division, C., Salt, C., & Marg, G. B. (2006). Nanoclays for polymer nanocomposites , paints , inks , greases and cosmetics formulations , drug delivery vehicle and waste water treatment, Bull. Mater. Sci., 29(2),2006, 133–145.

Bibliographical project, 15.03.2012 13

Thank you for your attention!

Bibliographical project, 15.03.2012 14