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The Internet, World Wide Web The Internet, World Wide Web Intranet and Extranet Intranet and Extranet 1
The Internet, World Wide WebThe Internet, World Wide WebIntranet and ExtranetIntranet and Extranet
The Internet, World Wide WebThe Internet, World Wide WebIntranet and ExtranetIntranet and Extranet
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What is the Internet?What is the Internet? The Internet is the largest computer network in
the world, connecting millions of computers.
The Internet is the physical computer network(computer, monitor, modem, cables, phone lines,etc).
The Internet makes it possible to perform businessin ways not previously imaginable
It can also cause a digital divide◦ Digital divide – when those with access to technology
have great advantages over those without access totechnology
The Internet is the largest computer network inthe world, connecting millions of computers.
The Internet is the physical computer network(computer, monitor, modem, cables, phone lines,etc).
The Internet makes it possible to perform businessin ways not previously imaginable
It can also cause a digital divide◦ Digital divide – when those with access to technology
have great advantages over those without access totechnology
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Evolution of the InternetEvolution of the Internet
In 1960’s, the US Department of Defense started a project to allowresearchers and military personnel to communicate with each otherin an emergency. The project was called ARPAnet (AdvancedResearch Project Agency Network) and it is the foundation ofthe Internet.
Throughout the 1970's, what would later become the Internet wasdeveloped. While mostly military personnel and scientists used it inits early days, the advent of the World Wide Web in the early1990's changed all that.
Today, the Internet is not owned or operated by any one entity. Thisworldwide computer network allows people to communicate andexchange information in new ways.
According to www.commerce.net, in April of 1999, there were 92.2million Internet users over the age of 16 in the United States andCanada. By 2005, 75% of the total US population wereonline.
In 1960’s, the US Department of Defense started a project to allowresearchers and military personnel to communicate with each otherin an emergency. The project was called ARPAnet (AdvancedResearch Project Agency Network) and it is the foundation ofthe Internet.
Throughout the 1970's, what would later become the Internet wasdeveloped. While mostly military personnel and scientists used it inits early days, the advent of the World Wide Web in the early1990's changed all that.
Today, the Internet is not owned or operated by any one entity. Thisworldwide computer network allows people to communicate andexchange information in new ways.
According to www.commerce.net, in April of 1999, there were 92.2million Internet users over the age of 16 in the United States andCanada. By 2005, 75% of the total US population wereonline.
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Evolution of the InternetEvolution of the Internet
No one party operates the Internet
Ongoing support comes from manyuniversities, federal and stategovernments, and national internationalresearch institutions and industry
ICANN ISOC
No one party operates the Internet
Ongoing support comes from manyuniversities, federal and stategovernments, and national internationalresearch institutions and industry
ICANN ISOC
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World Wide WebWorld Wide Web World Wide Web (WWW) – This is a repository of
information spread all over the world and linkedtogether◦ a global hypertext system that uses the Internet as its
transport mechanism
It was initiated by CERN (European Laboratory forParticle Physics) to create a system to handle distributedresources necessary for scientific research
Hypertext transport protocol (HTTP) – the Internetstandard that supports the exchange of information onthe WWW
World Wide Web (WWW) – This is a repository ofinformation spread all over the world and linkedtogether◦ a global hypertext system that uses the Internet as its
transport mechanism
It was initiated by CERN (European Laboratory forParticle Physics) to create a system to handle distributedresources necessary for scientific research
Hypertext transport protocol (HTTP) – the Internetstandard that supports the exchange of information onthe WWW
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The World Wide Web (WWW)The World Wide Web (WWW)
The Web is a system of Internet servers that support specially-formatted documents.
These specially formatted documents are text documents createdin HTML, a formatting language. In conjunction with the WorldWide Web, your web browser interprets these text documentsso they become web pages.
Web pages contain formatted text, graphics, sound, animation, andvideo, allowing point and click navigation.
Before the Web, the Internet was mostly text-based. To use it, youhad to know lots of keyboard command prompts, making it largelyunusable to the average person. The World Wide Web changed allthat.
The Web is a system of Internet servers that support specially-formatted documents.
These specially formatted documents are text documents createdin HTML, a formatting language. In conjunction with the WorldWide Web, your web browser interprets these text documentsso they become web pages.
Web pages contain formatted text, graphics, sound, animation, andvideo, allowing point and click navigation.
Before the Web, the Internet was mostly text-based. To use it, youhad to know lots of keyboard command prompts, making it largelyunusable to the average person. The World Wide Web changed allthat.
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Some Important Web Terms (cont)Some Important Web Terms (cont) Web Browser - A piece of software used to navigate the Web.
Internet Explorer and Netscape are web browsers. Learn more aboutweb browsers in Unit 2.
GUI (Graphical User Interface) - A GUI (pronounced GOO-ee)takes advantage of your computer's graphics (picture) capabilities toincrease ease of use.◦ For example, the buttons you point and click to surf the web is part of your
web browser's GUI .
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)◦ The formatting language used to create web documents.
Hypertext and Hypermedia◦ The system of electronically linking text and/or pictures to other text and/or pictures.
URL (Uniform Resource Locator)◦ Each web page has its own address on the Internet, which is called a URL. To recognize
one another over the Internet, computers convert human-friendly addresses likewww.knust.edu.gh to numerical IP addresses.
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)◦ HTTP, the system for transferring web documents, defines how messages are formatted
and transmitted over the Internet.
Web Browser - A piece of software used to navigate the Web.Internet Explorer and Netscape are web browsers. Learn more aboutweb browsers in Unit 2.
GUI (Graphical User Interface) - A GUI (pronounced GOO-ee)takes advantage of your computer's graphics (picture) capabilities toincrease ease of use.◦ For example, the buttons you point and click to surf the web is part of your
web browser's GUI .
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)◦ The formatting language used to create web documents.
Hypertext and Hypermedia◦ The system of electronically linking text and/or pictures to other text and/or pictures.
URL (Uniform Resource Locator)◦ Each web page has its own address on the Internet, which is called a URL. To recognize
one another over the Internet, computers convert human-friendly addresses likewww.knust.edu.gh to numerical IP addresses.
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)◦ HTTP, the system for transferring web documents, defines how messages are formatted
and transmitted over the Internet.
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INTRANETINTRANET Is an internal corporate network built using
internet and WWW standards and technologies.
Internalized portion of the Internet, protectedfrom outside access, usually for employees togain access to corporate information
It is an inexpensive yet powerful alternative toother forms of internal communication.
This private internal network limits viewingaccess to authorized users within theorganization
Is an internal corporate network built usinginternet and WWW standards and technologies.
Internalized portion of the Internet, protectedfrom outside access, usually for employees togain access to corporate information
It is an inexpensive yet powerful alternative toother forms of internal communication.
This private internal network limits viewingaccess to authorized users within theorganization
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BenefitsBenefits Reduce the use of paper◦ Internal phone books, procedure manuals, training
manuals, requisition forms, etc
Improved information access to authorized user
Improved timeliness and accuracy of information
Global reach allowing employees access fromanywhere
Reduce the use of paper◦ Internal phone books, procedure manuals, training
manuals, requisition forms, etc
Improved information access to authorized user
Improved timeliness and accuracy of information
Global reach allowing employees access fromanywhere
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ExtranetExtranet
An extranet is an intranet that has been openedup to selected users, such as a company's clients,customers, and maybe collaborators.
A network based on Web technologies that linksselected resources of a company’s intranet withits customers, suppliers, or other businesspartner
An extranet is an intranet that has been openedup to selected users, such as a company's clients,customers, and maybe collaborators.
A network based on Web technologies that linksselected resources of a company’s intranet withits customers, suppliers, or other businesspartner
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BenefitsBenefits
Reduce the use of paper◦ Internal phone books, procedure manuals, training
manuals, requisition forms, etc
Improves timeliness and accuracy of communications,reducing errors and misunderstandings
Allows central management of documents and dataallowing single updates which are then available to allinterested parties
Uses standard web protocols allowing disparate computingplatforms to communicate without additional investments
Used to automate transactions, reducing cost and cycle time
Reduce the use of paper◦ Internal phone books, procedure manuals, training
manuals, requisition forms, etc
Improves timeliness and accuracy of communications,reducing errors and misunderstandings
Allows central management of documents and dataallowing single updates which are then available to allinterested parties
Uses standard web protocols allowing disparate computingplatforms to communicate without additional investments
Used to automate transactions, reducing cost and cycle time
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Cloud ComputingCloud Computing
This is a computing environment in whichsoftware and storage are provided as aninternet service and are accessed with aweb browser.◦ Eg. Face book, Google, etc stores photos and
other information
This is a computing environment in whichsoftware and storage are provided as aninternet service and are accessed with aweb browser.◦ Eg. Face book, Google, etc stores photos and
other information
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Internet ApplicationsInternet Applications Online information sources◦ News (local, national and global)
Education and training◦ Between teacher and student◦ Between student and student◦ Eg. Skillsoft.com
Business Information◦ Products and services◦ Exposure to general public
Personal and professional advice◦ Medical and health (www.webmd.com, www.Theknot.com)
Online information sources◦ News (local, national and global)
Education and training◦ Between teacher and student◦ Between student and student◦ Eg. Skillsoft.com
Business Information◦ Products and services◦ Exposure to general public
Personal and professional advice◦ Medical and health (www.webmd.com, www.Theknot.com)
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Web browserWeb browserWeb browserWeb browser
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Web BrowsersWeb Browsers What is a web browser?◦ A piece of software used to navigate the web Remember,
◦ Internet Explorer and Netscape are examples of web browsers.
To return to the last page you viewed, click your Backbutton.
To return to the page you visited before you clicked theBack button, click the Forward button.
Click the drop down menu to the right of the back andforward buttons to view and select from a list of recentlyvisited sites.
To visit a web page, type the URL in the address bar and clickthe Go button or simply hit the Enter (Return) key on yourkeyboard.
What is a web browser?◦ A piece of software used to navigate the web Remember,
◦ Internet Explorer and Netscape are examples of web browsers.
To return to the last page you viewed, click your Backbutton.
To return to the page you visited before you clicked theBack button, click the Forward button.
Click the drop down menu to the right of the back andforward buttons to view and select from a list of recentlyvisited sites.
To visit a web page, type the URL in the address bar and clickthe Go button or simply hit the Enter (Return) key on yourkeyboard.
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cachecache
Your web browser stores recently visitedsites (as temporary Internet files) on yourcomputer's hard disk. When you revisityour favorite sites, the browser displaysthe pages from the cache instead ofrequesting them from the web server.
This makes surfing the web fasterand easier.
Your web browser stores recently visitedsites (as temporary Internet files) on yourcomputer's hard disk. When you revisityour favorite sites, the browser displaysthe pages from the cache instead ofrequesting them from the web server.
This makes surfing the web fasterand easier.
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cachecache
Have you ever started typing yourfavorite website's address, and the entireaddress displays?
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cachecache
What about the Back and Forward button'sdrop down lists of recently visited sites?
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BrowserBrowser Refreshing and Stopping Web Pages◦ While using your browser's cache may increase ease of use, you may not
be getting the most up-to-date information a site has to offer. To do so,you need to refresh, or reload, a web page.
◦ Refreshing requests fresh pages from the web server rather than fromthe cache stored on your machine's disk.
◦ Most browsers include a Refresh button on the toolbar. (F5)
Refresh a web page when:◦ You want to view the latest version of the page. For example, when
viewing a discussion forum, or a news-driven website.◦ You get a message that a web page cannot be displayed. For example,
"Error 404, File Not Found."
Most browsers include a Stop button on the toolbar. (Esc) Stop a web page when:◦ You want to stop a web page from loading.◦ A page is taking too long to load.◦ You mistyped a URL.
Refreshing and Stopping Web Pages◦ While using your browser's cache may increase ease of use, you may not
be getting the most up-to-date information a site has to offer. To do so,you need to refresh, or reload, a web page.
◦ Refreshing requests fresh pages from the web server rather than fromthe cache stored on your machine's disk.
◦ Most browsers include a Refresh button on the toolbar. (F5)
Refresh a web page when:◦ You want to view the latest version of the page. For example, when
viewing a discussion forum, or a news-driven website.◦ You get a message that a web page cannot be displayed. For example,
"Error 404, File Not Found."
Most browsers include a Stop button on the toolbar. (Esc) Stop a web page when:◦ You want to stop a web page from loading.◦ A page is taking too long to load.◦ You mistyped a URL.
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Internet Service ProvidersInternet Service Providers
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) are companies that provideaccess to the Internet.
For a monthly fee (and an initial activation fee), you can purchase asoftware package from your ISP. These packages feature differentlevels of Internet access. Flat-rate service will buy you unlimitedhours, whereas a less-expensive hourly package buys limited Internetaccess. In either case, the speed with which you access the Internetfactors into how much you pay per month.
The ISP package usually includes: Username. A unique name used to gain access to a computer
system. Password. A combination of keyboard characters. Used in
combination with a username, passwords allow access to restrictedcomputer information. It is important to keep passwords secret.
Access phone number. For example, (919) 555-5555.
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) are companies that provideaccess to the Internet.
For a monthly fee (and an initial activation fee), you can purchase asoftware package from your ISP. These packages feature differentlevels of Internet access. Flat-rate service will buy you unlimitedhours, whereas a less-expensive hourly package buys limited Internetaccess. In either case, the speed with which you access the Internetfactors into how much you pay per month.
The ISP package usually includes: Username. A unique name used to gain access to a computer
system. Password. A combination of keyboard characters. Used in
combination with a username, passwords allow access to restrictedcomputer information. It is important to keep passwords secret.
Access phone number. For example, (919) 555-5555.
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Search EnginesSearch Engines Search engines allow you to search both the Web and
newsgroups.
A search engine searches for keywords and returns alist of documents where the keywords can be found. Mostsearch engines allow you to search using plain languagerelevant to the topic of interest, meaning you don't haveto know any special programming tricks to effectivelysearch the Web.
Eg. Yahoo, Google, Excite, Metacrawler or AltaVista.
Search engines allow you to search both the Web andnewsgroups.
A search engine searches for keywords and returns alist of documents where the keywords can be found. Mostsearch engines allow you to search using plain languagerelevant to the topic of interest, meaning you don't haveto know any special programming tricks to effectivelysearch the Web.
Eg. Yahoo, Google, Excite, Metacrawler or AltaVista.
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Tips for Effective SearchingTips for Effective Searching Beware of using slang or partial words. If you use slang or parts
of words, you may have some luck, but your results may be too broad.For example, flick instead of movie, or Macs instead ofMacintoshes may yield different results.
Correct Spelling, Pluralization and Capitalization. Be awareof pluralizing your words, and spell them correctly. For example,good will, goodwill, Goodwill, Goodwills, and Good Will mayyield different results.
AND. Use AND (all caps) to search for multiple words that mustappear in a web page. Some search engines support a plus sign (+) inplace of AND. For example, free AND coupon, or free + coupon.
NOT. Use NOT (all caps) to exclude certain words or phrases. Forexample, casserole NOT chicken NOT beef.
OR. Use OR (all caps) to include any of the search words (ratherthan most.) For example, George Washington OR Bush.
Beware of using slang or partial words. If you use slang or partsof words, you may have some luck, but your results may be too broad.For example, flick instead of movie, or Macs instead ofMacintoshes may yield different results.
Correct Spelling, Pluralization and Capitalization. Be awareof pluralizing your words, and spell them correctly. For example,good will, goodwill, Goodwill, Goodwills, and Good Will mayyield different results.
AND. Use AND (all caps) to search for multiple words that mustappear in a web page. Some search engines support a plus sign (+) inplace of AND. For example, free AND coupon, or free + coupon.
NOT. Use NOT (all caps) to exclude certain words or phrases. Forexample, casserole NOT chicken NOT beef.
OR. Use OR (all caps) to include any of the search words (ratherthan most.) For example, George Washington OR Bush.
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