The Kennedy and The Kennedy and Johnson YearsJohnson Years

1960 – 19681960 – 1968

The Election of 1960The Election of 1960 John F. KennedyJohn F. Kennedy

– Mass. DemocratMass. Democrat– Roman CatholicRoman Catholic– 4343

Richard M. NixonRichard M. Nixon– Cal. RepublicanCal. Republican– Vice PresidentVice President

Television DebatesTelevision Debates– http://www.history.com/video.do?http://www.history.com/video.do?

name=elections&bcpid=1753161852&bname=elections&bcpid=1753161852&bclid=1811598662&bctid=1815667879 clid=1811598662&bctid=1815667879

One of the closest election in U.S. One of the closest election in U.S. HistoryHistory

““Camelot”Camelot”– The New FrontierThe New Frontier– ““Ask not what your country can do for Ask not what your country can do for

you, ask what you can do for your you, ask what you can do for your country”country”

Election of 1960Election of 1960

Democrat(303)

Republican(219)

Candidate John F. Kennedy

Richard M. Nixon

Issues “Do nothing” RepublicansWe’ve fallen behind the

Soviets

Political Experience

Anti-commie credentials

First Televised Presidential First Televised Presidential DebatesDebates

JFK’s CabinetJFK’s Cabinet“The Brain Trust”“The Brain Trust”

VP-Lyndon B. JohnsonVP-Lyndon B. Johnson Sec. of State-Dean RuskSec. of State-Dean Rusk Sec. of Defense-Robert McNamaraSec. of Defense-Robert McNamara Attorney General-Bobby KennedyAttorney General-Bobby Kennedy

New FrontierNew Frontier

The EconomyThe Economy– Minimum wage Minimum wage

increasedincreased Combating Poverty Combating Poverty

and Inequalityand Inequality– Michael Harrington’s Michael Harrington’s

The Other AmericaThe Other America– Wants direct aidWants direct aid– 2424thth Amendment (Poll Amendment (Poll

Taxes)Taxes) The Space ProgramThe Space Program

– NASANASA– Alan ShepardAlan Shepard– John GlennJohn Glenn– 1969 – moon landing1969 – moon landing

Kennedy and the Cold WarKennedy and the Cold War Continues peacetime military Continues peacetime military

build-upbuild-up– Nuclear and conventional weaponsNuclear and conventional weapons

Bay of Pigs and Operation Bay of Pigs and Operation Mongoose (1960 – 1961)Mongoose (1960 – 1961)– Failed attempts at invasion of Failed attempts at invasion of

Cuba and assassination of Castro Cuba and assassination of Castro by CIAby CIA

Peace Corps (est. 1961)Peace Corps (est. 1961)– Young volunteers to third world Young volunteers to third world

countries (very popular)countries (very popular) Alliance for Progress (1961)Alliance for Progress (1961)

– Latin American “Marshall Plan”, Latin American “Marshall Plan”, failedfailed

Kennedy and the Cold WarKennedy and the Cold War Berlin WallBerlin Wall

– Built in August 1961 – Built in August 1961 – “ich bin “ich bin eine Berliner”eine Berliner”

Cuban Missile Crisis (October, Cuban Missile Crisis (October, 1962)1962)– Krushchev and Kennedy face offKrushchev and Kennedy face off

Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (July, Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (July, 1963)1963)– Banned atmospheric testingBanned atmospheric testing– Moscow-D.C. “hotline”Moscow-D.C. “hotline”

AccomplishmentsAccomplishments

1961-Berlin Crisis (“Ich bin ein 1961-Berlin Crisis (“Ich bin ein Berliner”)Berliner”)

1962-Cuban Missile Crisis (Hey, we 1962-Cuban Missile Crisis (Hey, we didn’t all die)didn’t all die)

1963-First arms talks with Soviets1963-First arms talks with Soviets Mild support for federal civil rights Mild support for federal civil rights

lawslaws Peace CorpsPeace Corps

Some Kennedy Era ImagesSome Kennedy Era Images

Freedom Rides-1961Freedom Rides-1961

FailuresFailures

1961-Bay of Pigs Invasion (kind of 1961-Bay of Pigs Invasion (kind of the reason we had to avoid death in the reason we had to avoid death in the Missile Crisis)the Missile Crisis)

Nuclear Build-upNuclear Build-up No federal civil rights laws passedNo federal civil rights laws passed 16,000 American troops sent to 16,000 American troops sent to

VietnamVietnam Tacit support for the assassination of Tacit support for the assassination of

Ngo Dinh DiemNgo Dinh Diem

Kennedy is AssassinatedKennedy is Assassinated

November 22, November 22, 19631963– Dallas TexasDallas Texas

Warren Warren CommissionCommission– Lee Harvey OswaldLee Harvey Oswald

Jack RubyJack Ruby

Kennedy AssassinationKennedy Assassination

http://www.dailymotion.com/video/http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x3fhw1_jfk-assassination-digitally-x3fhw1_jfk-assassination-digitally-remaste_newsremaste_news

Election of 1964Election of 1964

Democrat(486)

Republican(52)

Candidates Lyndon Johnson

Barry Goldwater

Issues ContainmentCivil Rights

Social Welfare

Against Federal Interventions:

civil rights, income taxes, social security

The Great SocietyThe Great Society LBJ’s Path to the White HouseLBJ’s Path to the White House

– 1964 election1964 election LBJ to continue Kennedy’s policiesLBJ to continue Kennedy’s policies Barry Goldwater (R) ran on Barry Goldwater (R) ran on

conservative platform (Reagan conservative platform (Reagan 1980)1980)

http://www.history.com/http://www.history.com/video.do?video.do?name=elections&bcpid=17531name=elections&bcpid=1753161852&bclid=1811598662&bc61852&bclid=1811598662&bctid=1815667879 tid=1815667879

Building the Great SocietyBuilding the Great Society– The Tax Cut – economic boomThe Tax Cut – economic boom– The War on Poverty – cost billionsThe War on Poverty – cost billions

Equal Opportunity ActEqual Opportunity Act HUDHUD

– Aid to EducationAid to Education– Medicare (1965) and MedicaidMedicare (1965) and Medicaid– Immigration ReformImmigration Reform

First come, first serve basisFirst come, first serve basis

The Great Society (cont.)The Great Society (cont.) Earl WarrenEarl Warren

– Gideon v. WainwrightGideon v. Wainwright (1963) (1963) – right to a lawyer, even if – right to a lawyer, even if you can’t afford oneyou can’t afford one

– Escobedo v. IllinoisEscobedo v. Illinois (1964) – (1964) – right to a lawyer at time of right to a lawyer at time of arrestarrest

– Miranda v. ArizonaMiranda v. Arizona (1966) – (1966) – informed of rightsinformed of rights

– School prayer banned (1962)School prayer banned (1962) Effects of the Great SocietyEffects of the Great Society

– Mixed ResultsMixed Results– Nobody did more for the poor Nobody did more for the poor

and civil rightsand civil rights– Costly programs and Costly programs and

VietnamVietnam

The Great Society and War The Great Society and War on Povertyon Poverty

Medicare (1965)Medicare (1965) Department of TransportationDepartment of Transportation Dept. of Housing and Urban DevelopmentDept. of Housing and Urban Development Immigration and Nationality Services Act of 1965Immigration and Nationality Services Act of 1965 Civil Rights Act of 1964Civil Rights Act of 1964 Voting Rights Act of 1965Voting Rights Act of 1965 2424thth Amendment: no poll taxes Amendment: no poll taxes Open Housing ActOpen Housing Act Elementary and Secondary Education ActElementary and Secondary Education Act Office of Economic Opportunity, Head Start, Job Office of Economic Opportunity, Head Start, Job

Corps, minimum wage lawCorps, minimum wage law Development funds for AppalachiaDevelopment funds for Appalachia

LBJ’s Foreign PolicyLBJ’s Foreign Policy VietnamVietnam

– Kennedy increased Kennedy increased advisorsadvisors

– November 1963 coup in November 1963 coup in South Vietnam (supported South Vietnam (supported by U.S.) Would Kennedy by U.S.) Would Kennedy have withdrawn?have withdrawn?

– Aug. 1964, Gulf of Tonkin Aug. 1964, Gulf of Tonkin ResolutionResolution

– 1965 – 184,000 troops1965 – 184,000 troops– 1966 – 385,000 troops1966 – 385,000 troops– 1967 – 485,000 troops1967 – 485,000 troops– 1968 – 538,000 troops1968 – 538,000 troops

VietnamVietnam

Commitment to containment and Commitment to containment and “domino theory” lead to increasing “domino theory” lead to increasing American involvementAmerican involvement

1964-Gulf of Tonkin Resolution1964-Gulf of Tonkin Resolution 1967-S.Vietnam becomes a 1967-S.Vietnam becomes a

democracydemocracy 1968-Tet Offensive1968-Tet Offensive