79
THE LAWS OF MOTION Mr. Banks 7 th Grade Science
THE LAWS OF MOTIONMr. Banks
7th Grade Science
MOTION
Motion is a change in position over a certain
amount of time.
When you say that something has moved you are
describing motion.
SPEED
Speed is the rate at which an object moves.
SPEED
Speed is the rate at which an object moves.
You can calculate it using the equation below.
𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 =𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒
SPEED
Speed is the rate at which an object moves.
You can calculate it using the equation below.
𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 =𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒
This is reflected in how we talk about speed.
When you say a car is traveling at seventy
miles per hour you mean that if it stays at the
same speed, it will move 70 miles every hour.
SPEED
Speed is the rate at which an object moves.
You can calculate it using the equation below.
𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 =𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒
This is reflected in how we talk about speed.
When you say a car is traveling at seventy
miles per hour you mean that if it stays at the
same speed, it will move 70 miles every hour.
We express this value as 70 mi/hr = 70𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠
1 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟
SPEED
Speed is the rate at which an object moves.
You can calculate it using the equation below.
𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 =𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒
This is reflected in how we talk about speed.
When you say a car is traveling at seventy
miles per hour you mean that if it stays at the
same speed, it will move 70 miles every hour.
We express this value as 70 mi/hr = 70𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠
1 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟
SPEED
Speed is the rate at which an object moves.
You can calculate it using the equation below.
𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 =𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒
This is reflected in how we talk about speed.
When you say a car is traveling at seventy
miles per hour you mean that if it stays at the
same speed, it will move 70 miles every hour.
We express this value as 70 mi/hr = 70𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠
1 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟
In science we usually use meters for distance
and seconds for time.
VELOCITY
In addition to speed, we need another
characteristic to describe motion, direction.
VELOCITY
In addition to speed, we need another
characteristic to describe motion, direction.
Velocity is speed in a given direction.
VELOCITY
In addition to speed, we need another
characteristic to describe motion, direction.
Velocity is speed in a given direction.
So if we want to talk about the velocity of the car
from the last slide we would just have to add the
direction it was going, lets say it was going south.
VELOCITY
In addition to speed, we need another
characteristic to describe motion, direction.
Velocity is speed in a given direction over time.
So if we want to talk about the velocity of the car
from the last slide we would just have to add the
direction it was going, lets say it was going south.
So we would write 70 mi/hr South.
VELOCITY
In addition to speed, we need another
characteristic to describe motion, direction.
Velocity is speed in a given direction over time.
So if we want to talk about the velocity of the car
from the last slide we would just have to add the
direction it was going, lets say it was going south.
So we would write 70 mi/hr South.
The equation to find velocity is the same as the one to find speed.
𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 =𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒
ACCELERATION
Acceleration is the rate of change in velocity
over time.
ACCELERATION
Acceleration is the rate of change in velocity
over time.
If something is accelerating it is speeding up,
slowing down, or changing direction.
ACCELERATION
Acceleration is the rate of change in velocity
over time.
If something is accelerating it is speeding up,
slowing down, or changing direction.
The equation for finding acceleration is
Acceleration = 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 − 𝑂𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒
ACCELERATION
Acceleration is the rate of change in velocity
over time.
If something is accelerating it is speeding up,
slowing down, or changing direction.
The equation for finding acceleration is
Acceleration = 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 − 𝑂𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒
So lets say that car was at one point going
at 20 mi/hr and sped up to 70 mi/hr over a
total of 5 seconds.
ACCELERATION
Acceleration is the rate of change in velocity
over time.
If something is accelerating it is speeding up,
slowing down, or changing direction.
The equation for finding acceleration is
Acceleration = 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 − 𝑂𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒
So lets say that car was at one point going
at 20 mi/hr and sped up to 70 mi/hr over a
total of 5 seconds.
Acceleration = 70 𝑚𝑖
ℎ𝑟 −20 𝑚𝑖ℎ𝑟
5 𝑠𝑒𝑐
ACCELERATION
Acceleration is the rate of change in velocity
over time.
If something is accelerating it is speeding up,
slowing down, or changing direction.
The equation for finding acceleration is
Acceleration = 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 − 𝑂𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒
So lets say that car was at one point going
at 20 mi/hr and sped up to 70 mi/hr over a
total of 5 seconds.
Acceleration = 70 𝑚𝑖
ℎ𝑟 −20 𝑚𝑖ℎ𝑟
5 𝑠𝑒𝑐
Acceleration = 10 mi/hr/sec
TIME FOR SOME PRACTICE
LETS SEE HOW YOU DID ON
YOUR PRACTICE SHEET
How are things moved?
FORCE
How are things moved?
A force is a push or a pull.
FORCE
How are things moved?
A force is a push or a pull.
Forces cause objects to start moving, stop
moving, change direction, or change shape.
FORCE
How are things moved?
A force is a push or a pull.
Forces cause objects to start moving, stop
moving, change direction, or change shape.
If you want something to move you must
exert a force on it.
FORCE
How are things moved?
A force is a push or a pull.
Forces cause objects to start moving, stop
moving, change direction, or change shape.
If you want something to move you must
exert a force on it.
Force is measured in newtons.
FORCE
Forces can be combined.
FORCE
Forces can be combined.
When two forces are pushing in the same
direction they get added together.
FORCE
Forces can be combined.
When two forces are pushing in opposite
directions they get subtracted from one another.
COMBINING FORCES
COMBINING FORCES
COMBINING FORCES
COMBINING FORCES
GRAVITY
Gravity is the force that attracts all objects
with mass toward one another.
GRAVITY
Gravity is the force that attracts all objects
with mass toward one another.
Gravity is what holds us on the ground
because we are attracted to the earth and
the earth to us.
GRAVITY
All objects are attracted to one another, even
small ones.
GRAVITY
All objects are attracted to one another, even
small ones.
Gravity goes up as the objects get more
massive.
GRAVITY
All objects are attracted to one another, even
small ones.
Gravity goes up as the objects get more
massive.
Gravity goes up the closer two objects are to
each other.
GRAVITY
All objects are attracted to one another, even
small ones.
Gravity goes up as the objects get more
massive.
Gravity goes up the closer two objects are to
each other.
FRICTION
Friction is a force resisting the motion of an
object across a surface, through fluids, or
through gasses.
FRICTION
Friction is a force resisting the motion of an
object across a surface, through fluids, or
through gasses.
Friction pushes against the direction that an
object is trying to move.
FRICTION
Friction is a force resisting the motion of an
object across a surface, through fluids, or
through gasses.
Friction pushes against the direction that an
object is trying to move.
DRY FRICTION
For two solids, friction is caused by little bits
of each material catching on each other as
they move by.
DRY FRICTION
For two solids, friction is caused by little bits
of each material catching on each other as
they move by.
FLUID FRICTION
Applies to the friction found in the air and
water.
The molecules in both air and water
basically get in the way of something trying
to move.
NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION
Sir Isaac Newton (1642 – 1726)
NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION
Sir Isaac Newton (1642 – 1726)
English physicist and
mathematician
NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION
Sir Isaac Newton (1642 – 1726)
English physicist and
mathematician
Discovered the laws of motion
NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION
Sir Isaac Newton (1642 – 1726)
English physicist and
mathematician
Discovered the laws of motion
Increased our knowledge of how
light works
NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION
Sir Isaac Newton (1642 – 1726)
English physicist and
mathematician
Discovered the laws of motion
Increased our knowledge of how
light works
Created calculus
NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION
The first law of motion
NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION
The first law of motion
An object at rest stays at rest and an
object in motion stays in motion with
the same speed and in the same
direction unless acted upon by an
unbalanced force.
NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION
Inertia – The tendency of objects
to remain in motion or to stay at
rest.
NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION
Inertia – The tendency of objects
to remain in motion or to stay at
rest.
Comes from the Latin word for
lazy.
NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION
Inertia – The tendency of objects
to remain in motion or to stay at
rest.
Comes from the Latin word for
lazy.
NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION
NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION
Mass is the measurement of an
object’s inertia.
NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION
Mass is the measurement of an
object’s inertia.
The scientific unit of mass is the
kilogram.
NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION
Inertia is increased as the mass of an
object is increased.
NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION
Inertia is increased as the mass of an
object is increased.
NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION
Question: If something is being rolled on the
ground, and doesn’t bump into anything, why
does it stop and not keep going on forever?
NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION
Question: If something is being rolled on the
ground, and doesn’t bump into anything, why
does it stop and not keep going on forever?
Answer: Friction!
NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION
The second law of motion
NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION
The second law of motion
Newton’s second law of motion shows
how force, mass, and acceleration are
related in the form of an equation.
NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION
The second law of motion
Newton’s second law of motion shows
how force, mass, and acceleration are
related in the form of an equation.
𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 = 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑋 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION
The second law of motion
𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 = 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑋 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION
The second law of motion
𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 = 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑋 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
As mass goes up, you need more
force to accelerate it at the same rate.
NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION
The second law of motion
𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 = 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑋 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
As mass goes up, you need more
force to accelerate it at the same rate.
NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION
The second law of motion
𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 = 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑋 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
If you want to accelerate faster, you
need more force to accelerate the
same weight.
NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION
The second law of motion
𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 = 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑋 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
If you want to accelerate faster, you
need more force to accelerate the
same weight.
NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION
The second law of motion
𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 = 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑋 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
If you want to accelerate faster, you
need more force to accelerate the
same weight.
NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION
The third law of motion
For every force, there is an equal
and opposite force.
NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION
The third law of motion
For every force, there is an equal
and opposite force.
All forces come in pairs.
NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION
The third law of motion
For every force, there is an equal
and opposite force.
All forces come in pairs.
The more force that is exerted on
an object, the more force is
returned.
NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION
The third law of motion
For every force (action), there is
an equal and opposite force
(reaction).
NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION
The third law of motion
For every action, there is an
equal and opposite force.
NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION
The third law of motion
For every action, there is an
equal and opposite reaction.
NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION
The third law of motion
For every action, there is an
equal and opposite reaction.
NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION
The third law of motion
For every action, there is an
equal and opposite reaction.
