THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS
Catalysts for Creation•WWI and the Alliance System
•Wilson’s Idealism•Modern Economy
Goals of L.O.N.• Peace keeping• Encourage contact among
nations• Settle nationalist issues• Humanitarian efforts
Doomed to fail? • Unequal Playing field• Lack of military force• Britain and France
•US did not join
EFFECTS OF WWIImmediate
• 10 million soldiers killed
• RUS – 2 mil• GER – 1.3 mil• FRA – 1.3 mil• GB – 900,000• US: 115,000
• 4 million civilians killed
• 350 billion dollars
Soviet Union
2. In what region of Europe did most of the changes take place?3. What issues/conflicts are likely to emerge as a result of the new map created in 1919?
Long Term Effects
1. Destruction of Eastern & Central European Empires
2. Communism in Russia
Long Term Effects3. Weakening of Europe
--Economic instability:
--Unresolved nationalistic issues--Dissent in the colonies:
Economic power moves to US & Japan
Forced to make concessions to non-European areas
Long Term Effects4. Social & Political
Transformations
Women
Monarchies
The World By the 1920’s3 Major Patterns
1. W. Eur. = Incomplete recovery- Negative pol. & econ.
patterns arose: Fascism in Italy; crippling tariffs
- W. Europe’s world econ. dominance fell behind U.S. & Japan
The World By the 1920’s3 Major Patterns
2. U.S. & Japan = New giants in indust. prod.
The World By the 1920’s3 Major Patterns
3. Consequential Revolutions in:- Mexico- Russia- China
The World By the 1920’sThe Roaring Twenties
*Brief period of stability and optimism- Germany’s new dem. gov’t
promised friendship & coop.- Kellogg-Briand Act = outlawed
war- General econ. prosperity
The World By the 1920’sThe Roaring Twenties – cont’d
*Brief period of stability and optimism- Intro. of new consumer items:
radios & autos- Cultural burst in arts, film, lit.- Women achieve voting rights
& social freedoms in West.
THE GREAT GLOBAL DEPRESSION – 1930s
Causes
1. German reparations fueled
Hyperinflation
Causes
2. Overproduction: supply > demand
Causes3. Excessive expansion of credit
Causes4. Tariffs = poor domestic economy
Causes5. Stock market crash & panic
Impact• Who was impacted the most?
– High unemployment in indust. countries
–Value of exports drop–Bank failures; collapse of credit–Extreme political reactions/massive rearmament
Western democracies & Japan
GERMANY
Failure of Democracy (Weimar Republic)
Rise of Nazism
ITALY
Rise of Fascism
JAPAN
MILITARISM & EXPANSION
Failure of a return to Pre- War Government
Failure of a Civilian government
Impact• Who was not impacted?
–Isolated Communist regime
USSR
–Stalin’s 5 year plan
Depression clip
Fascism vs. Nazism
Summary1.Fascism is a term that was originally referred to the fascists of Italy under Mussolini. Nazism on the other hand, though a form of Fascism, referred to as National Socialism, is in an ideological concept of the Nazi Party. (National Socialist German Workers’ Party of Adolf Hitler)
2.For Fascists, the state was the most important element. But Nazism emphasized on racism.
3.While fascism considered state as important, Nazism considered ‘Aryanism’ as more important.