The Legume Handbook By: Jose Escalante Online: <https://legacy.cnx.org/content/col29266/1.2> This selection and arrangement of content as a collection is copyrighted by Jose Escalante. Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Collection structure revised: 2019/05/21 PDF Generated: 2019/05/23 14:28:28 For copyright and attribution information for the modules contained in this collection, see the "Attributions" section at the end of the collection. 1
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The Legume HandbookBy: Jose EscalanteOnline: <https://legacy.cnx.org/content/col29266/1.2>This selection and arrangement of content as a collection is copyrighted by Jose Escalante.Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Collection structure revised: 2019/05/21PDF Generated: 2019/05/23 14:28:28For copyright and attribution information for the modules contained in this collection, see the "Attributions"section at the end of the collection.
This OpenStax book is available for free at https://legacy.cnx.org/content/col29266/1.2
1 Legumes 101
Figure 1.1
Table 1.1
Table of Contents
Legumes 101
Legume Lookout
Legume Distribution and Production
A legume is a plant in the family Fabaceae (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabaceae) (or Leguminosae), or the fruit or seedof such a plant (also called a pulse). Legumes are grown agriculturally, primarily for human consumption, for livestockforage and silage, and as soil-enhancing green manure (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_manure) . Well-knownlegumes include alfalfa (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfalfa) , clover, beans, peas, chickpeas, lentils, lupins, mesquite,carob, soybeans, peanuts, and tamarind. Legumes produce a botanically unique type of fruit – a simple dry fruit thatdevelops from a simple carpel and usually dehisces (opens along a seam) on two sides. A common name for this type offruit is a pod, although the term "pod" is also applied to a number of other fruit types, such as that of vanilla (a capsule)and of the radish (a silique).
Legumes are notable in that most of them have symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria in structures called root nodules. Forthat reason, they play a key role in crop rotation (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crop_rotation) .
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2 Legume LookoutIn this section, a few different examples will be shown to help you find some legumes.
Figure 2.1 The world runs on legumes.
2.1 Legume VisualsIf you've never seen a pinto bean before, that is about to change.
Figure 2.2 A friendly group of pinto beans.
Cross "staring at a pile of broad beans" off of your bucket list.
Chapter 2 | Legume Lookout* 7
Figure 2.3 A batch of broad beans set beautifully against a white background.
If you see something like these around, they are likely chickpeas. Know that you are in the presence of legumes, aschickpeas are indeed legumes.
Figure 2.4 Watch out for these.
2.2 Listen for theseThese legumes tend to hide a little bit, but if you use your sense of hearing correctly you can hear their names beingwhispered and know that legumes are near.
Can you hear them?• Kidney bean
• Scarlet runner bean
• Garden pea
• Lupin
• Mung bean
• Lima bean
• Black eyed peas[1]
• ALFALFA
• Peanuts?!
1. Commonly mistaken for the band, do not eat the band (we need them).
8 Chapter 2 | Legume Lookout*
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3 LegumeDistribution and
ProductionLegumes are widely distributed as the third-largest land plant family in terms of number of species, behind only theOrchidaceae and Asteraceae, with about 751 genera and some 19,000 known species, [1] [2] constituting about sevenpercent of flowering plant species.[3][4]
Storage of Grain Legumes
Seed viability decreases with longer storage time. Studies done on Vetch, Horse beans, and peas show that they last about5 years in storage. Environmental factors that are important in influencing germination are relative humidity andtemperature. Two rules apply to moisture content between 5 and 14 percent: the life of the seed will last longer if thestorage temperature is reduced by 5 degree celsius. Secondly, the storage moisture content will decrease if temperature isreduced by 1 degree celsius. [5]
Table 3.1 Pulse Production2017 That's a lot oflegumes.
India 953.0
Poland 311.8
United Kingdom 280.0
Mozambique 213.6
China 153.9
Vietnam 133.2
World 4,232,978
If you tried to count every legume in the world you would spend a lot of time counting legumes. You have beenwarned.
1. Christenhusz MJ, Byng JW (2016). "The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase".Phytotaxa. Magnolia Press. 261 (3): 201–217. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.12. Stevens PF. "Fabaceae" (http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/orders/fabalesweb.htm#Fabaceae) .Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 7 May 2006. Retrieved 28 April 2008.3. Judd WS, Campbell CS, Kellogg EA, Stevens PF, Donoghue MJ (2002). Plant systematics: a phylogenetic approach.Sinauer Associate. pp. 287–292. ISBN 978-0-87893-403-4.4. Magallón S, Sanderson MJ (September 2001). "Absolute diversification rates in angiosperm clades" (PDF). Evolution;International Journal of Organic Evolution. 55 (9): 1762–80. doi:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2001.tb00826.x5. Cereal and grain-legume seed processing : technical guidelines. Rome: Rome : Food and Agriculture Organization ofthe United Nations. 1981. p. 43. ISBN 9251009805.
10 Chapter 3 | Legume Distribution and Production*
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Index
Index 11
12 Index
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AttributionsCollection: The Legume HandbookEdited by: Jose EscalanteURL: https://legacy.cnx.org/content/col29266/1.2/Copyright: Jose EscalanteLicense: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Module: Legumes 101By: Jose EscalanteURL: https://legacy.cnx.org/content/m76769/1.4/Copyright: Jose EscalanteLicense: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Module: Legume LookoutBy: Jose EscalanteURL: https://legacy.cnx.org/content/m76772/1.2/Copyright: Jose EscalanteLicense: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Module: Legume Distribution and ProductionBy: Jose EscalanteURL: https://legacy.cnx.org/content/m76773/1.3/Copyright: Jose EscalanteLicense: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
This OpenStax book is available for free at https://legacy.cnx.org/content/col29266/1.2
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