Stru
ctur
es o
f Mem
ory
Proc
esse
s in
Mem
ory
The
Mul
ti-S
tore
Mod
el
of M
emor
y 1
The
Mul
ti-S
tore
Mod
el
of M
emor
y 2
Fact
ors
Aff
ecti
ng
Mem
ory
Name the three types of long-
term memory (LTM).
Define storage.
According to the
multi-store model of memory,
which STM process allows
information to be encoded to
LTM?
What is the main supporting
evidence for the multi-store
model of memory?
Apart from culture,
name the factors that make
people more or less likely
to remember something
successfully and accurately.
1
2
3
4
5
Stru
ctur
es o
f Mem
ory
Proc
esse
s in
Mem
ory
The
Mul
ti-S
tore
Mod
el
of M
emor
y 1
The
Mul
ti-S
tore
Mod
el
of M
emor
y 2
Fact
ors
Aff
ecti
ng
Mem
ory
1
2
3
4
5
The three types of LTM are:
• episodic memory
• semantic memory
• procedural memory.
Storage is the process of
maintaining information in
memory over time, avoiding
forgetting or distortions.
The process that allows
information from STM to be
encoded to LTM according
to the multi-store model of
memory is rehearsal.
The main supporting evidence
for the multi-store model of
memory is the serial position
curve, a finding from an
experiment conducted by
Murdock (1962).
Apart from culture, the factors
that make people more or less
likely to remember something
successfully and accurately are:
• state
• timing
• interference
• context.
GCSE AQA Revision • Psychology
GCSE AQA Revision • Psychology
GCSE AQA Revision • Psychology
GCSE AQA Revision • Psychology
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Perc
epti
on a
nd
Sens
atio
nVi
sual
Cue
s an
d D
epth
Pe
rcep
tion
Illus
ions
Illus
ions
Theo
ries
of P
erce
ptio
n
What is perceptual constancy?
Define depth perception.
What is the Necker cube?
Describe Rubin’s vase.
Which theory of perception is
based on the work of James
Gibson?
6
7
8
9
10
Perc
epti
on a
nd
Sens
atio
nVi
sual
Cue
s an
d D
epth
Pe
rcep
tion
Illus
ions
Illus
ions
Theo
ries
of P
erce
ptio
n
6
7
8
9
10
Perceptual constancy is
the ability of the brain’s
perceptual system to make
allowances for changes in the
environment.
Depth perception is the
perceptual process of
interpreting how close or far
away objects are.
The Necker cube is a 2D shape
that tends to be interpreted
as a cube in either of two
orientations.
Rubin’s vase is an illusion that
can be interpreted as either
two faces looking towards
each other, or (using the
space in between the faces) a
vase.
The direct theory of perception
is based on the work of James
Gibson.
GCSE AQA Revision • Psychology
GCSE AQA Revision • Psychology
GCSE AQA Revision • Psychology
GCSE AQA Revision • Psychology
GCSE AQA Revision • Psychology
Fact
ors
Aff
ecti
ng
Perc
epti
onBr
ain
Dev
elop
men
tN
atur
e an
d N
urtu
rePi
aget
’s Th
eori
es 1
Piag
et’s
Theo
ries
2
What are hallucinations?
What is the brain stem
responsible for?
What does the nature–
nurture debate argue about?
Piaget thought that schemas
develop through which two
processes?
The policeman doll study was
a simpler version of which
experiment?
11
12
13
14
15
Fact
ors
Aff
ecti
ng
Perc
epti
onBr
ain
Dev
elop
men
tN
atur
e an
d N
urtu
rePi
aget
’s Th
eori
es 1
Piag
et’s
Theo
ries
2
11
12
13
14
15
Hallucinations are things that
we perceive in the absence of
real sensations.
The brain stem is responsible
for autonomic functions such
as breathing and heartbeat.
The nature–nurture debate
argues about whether
human psychology is mainly
determined by upbringing/
environment or by genetics.
Piaget thought that schemas
develop through assimilation
and accommodation.
The policeman doll study was
a simpler version of Piaget’s
three mountains problem.
GCSE AQA Revision • Psychology
GCSE AQA Revision • Psychology
GCSE AQA Revision • Psychology
GCSE AQA Revision • Psychology
GCSE AQA Revision • Psychology
Lear
ning
Sam
plin
gVa
riab
les
and
Hyp
othe
ses
Des
ign
of E
xper
imen
ts 1
Des
ign
of E
xper
imen
ts 2
Define self-efficacy.
Who does the term target
population refer to?
What is a variable?
In experimental design, what
is a control condition?
A key ethical
procedure is seeking
informed consent from
participants – what does
this term mean?
16
17
18
19
20
Lear
ning
Sam
plin
gVa
riab
les
and
Hyp
othe
ses
Des
ign
of E
xper
imen
ts 1
Des
ign
of E
xper
imen
ts 2
16
17
18
19
20
Self-efficacy is a person’s
sense of whether they are
good or bad at something.
Target population refers to
the group of people who the
researcher is interested in
studying.
A variable is any
characteristic, attribute or
environmental condition that
can vary – in other words, it
can have different values.
A control condition is a
condition that is used simply
for comparison – it is used as
a baseline.
Informed consent means that
research participants must
give their consent in full
knowledge of what they are
consenting to.
GCSE AQA Revision • Psychology
GCSE AQA Revision • Psychology
GCSE AQA Revision • Psychology
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GCSE AQA Revision • Psychology
Non
-exp
erim
enta
l M
etho
dsCo
rrel
atio
n an
d D
ata
Han
dlin
gCo
nfor
mit
yO
bedi
ence
Pros
ocia
l and
Ant
isoc
ial
Beha
viou
r
What is the difference
between qualitative data and
quantitative data?
Correlation studies typically
display findings on which type
of graph?
What was the main aim of
Asch’s study of conformity
(line study)?
How do people behave when
they are in an agentic state?
What is social loafing?
21
22
23
24
25
Non
-exp
erim
enta
l M
etho
dsCo
rrel
atio
n an
d D
ata
Han
dlin
gCo
nfor
mit
yO
bedi
ence
Pros
ocia
l and
Ant
isoc
ial
Beha
viou
r
21
22
23
24
25
Qualitative data is in the form
of spoken/written words or
some other non-numerical
form; quantitative data is in
the form of numbers.
Correlation studies typically
display findings on a scatter
graph.
The main aim of Asch’s study
of conformity (line study) was
to investigate the extent to
which social pressure from
a majority could influence
the likelihood that a person
would conform.
When people are in an
agentic state, they allow
other people to direct
their actions, assuming no
responsibility for their actions
or the consequences.
Social loafing is a
phenomenon whereby a
person exerts less effort to
achieve a goal when they
work in a group than when
they work alone.
GCSE AQA Revision • Psychology
GCSE AQA Revision • Psychology
GCSE AQA Revision • Psychology
GCSE AQA Revision • Psychology
GCSE AQA Revision • Psychology
The
Poss
ible
Rel
atio
nshi
p Be
twee
n La
ngua
ge a
nd
Thou
ght
Diff
eren
ces B
etw
een
Hum
an
and
Ani
mal
Com
mun
icat
ion
Non
-ver
bal
Com
mun
icat
ion
Expl
anat
ions
of N
on-
verb
al B
ehav
iour
The
Stru
ctur
e an
d Fu
ncti
on
of th
e Br
ain
and
Ner
vous
Sy
stem
What are the two main
theories concerned with
the relationship between
language and thought?
Humans have an open vocal
system – what does this
mean?
Define the term postural
echo.
Darwin’s evolutionary
theory suggested that non-
verbal communication was
innate – what does this term
mean?
Name the two divisions
of the peripheral nervous
system.
26
27
28
29
30
The
Poss
ible
Rel
atio
nshi
p Be
twee
n La
ngua
ge a
nd
Thou
ght
Diff
eren
ces B
etw
een
Hum
an
and
Ani
mal
Com
mun
icat
ion
Non
-ver
bal
Com
mun
icat
ion
Expl
anat
ions
of N
on-
verb
al B
ehav
iour
The
Stru
ctur
e an
d Fu
ncti
on
of th
e Br
ain
and
Ner
vous
Sy
stem
26
27
28
29
30
The two main theories
concerned with the
relationship between
language and thought are
Piaget’s theory and the Sapir-
Whorf hypothesis.
An open vocal system is the
vocal system found in humans
that allows them to combine
known symbols with new
symbols in order to create
new meanings.
Postural echo is the mirroring
or adoption of the same
posture as the person doing
the talking, which encourages
mutual positive feelings.
Innate means something (such
as an ability) that you are
born with.
The two divisions of the
peripheral nervous system are
the somatic system and the
autonomic system.
GCSE AQA Revision • Psychology
GCSE AQA Revision • Psychology
GCSE AQA Revision • Psychology
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GCSE AQA Revision • Psychology
Neu
ron
Stru
ctur
e an
d Fu
ncti
onLo
calis
atio
n of
Fun
ctio
n in
the
Brai
nLo
calis
atio
n of
Fun
ctio
n in
the
Brai
nA
n In
trod
ucti
on to
N
euro
psyc
holo
gyA
n In
trod
ucti
on to
M
enta
l Hea
lth
31
32
33
34
35
Neu
ron
Stru
ctur
e an
d Fu
ncti
onLo
calis
atio
n of
Fun
ctio
n in
the
Brai
nLo
calis
atio
n of
Fun
ctio
n in
the
Brai
nA
n In
trod
ucti
on to
N
euro
psyc
holo
gyA
n In
trod
ucti
on to
M
enta
l Hea
lth
31
32
33
34
35
Relay neurons carry messages
from one part of the central
nervous system to another
– they connect motor and
sensory neurons.
The somatosensory area of
the brain is concerned with
the sensation of the body.
The parietal lobe is
responsible for processing
sensory information that
is associated with taste,
temperature and touch.
The three main scanning techniques used to identify brain functioning are:• fMRI (Functional Magnetic
Resonance Imaging)• CT or CAT scan
(Computerised Axial Tomography)
• PET scan (Positron Emission Tomography).
Self actualisation is the
realisation of your talents and
potentialities.
What do relay neurons do?
Describe the function of the
somatosensory area of the
brain.
What is the parietal lobe
responsible for?
Which three main scanning
techniques are used to
identify brain functioning?
Self actualisation is
one of the characteristics of
ideal mental health – what
does this term mean?
GCSE AQA Revision • Psychology
GCSE AQA Revision • Psychology
GCSE AQA Revision • Psychology
GCSE AQA Revision • Psychology
GCSE AQA Revision • Psychology
Effe
cts
of M
enta
l Hea
lth
Prob
lem
s on
Indi
vidu
als
and
Soci
ety
Char
acte
rist
ics
of
Clin
ical
Dep
ress
ion
Theo
ries
of D
epre
ssio
n an
d In
terv
enti
onCh
arac
teri
stic
s of
A
ddic
tion
Theo
ries
of A
ddic
tion
an
d In
terv
enti
ons
36
37
38
39
40
Effe
cts
of M
enta
l Hea
lth
Prob
lem
s on
Indi
vidu
als
and
Soci
ety
Char
acte
rist
ics
of
Clin
ical
Dep
ress
ion
Theo
ries
of D
epre
ssio
n an
d In
terv
enti
onCh
arac
teri
stic
s of
A
ddic
tion
Theo
ries
of A
ddic
tion
an
d In
terv
enti
ons
36
37
38
39
40
Mental health issues can
affect physical wellbeing by:
• reducing the function of
the immune system
• leading to a greater
susceptibility to infection.
The two main types of
depression are unipolar
depression and bipolar
depression.
A holistic approach treats the
whole person (taking into
account mental and social
factors) rather than just the
symptoms of depression.
Addiction refers to a
behaviour that leads to
dependency; substance abuse
is where the substance (often
a drug) is used in amounts
that are harmful to the user
but does not necessarily lead
to dependency.
Aversion therapy works by
conditioning the individual
into experiencing an
unpleasant reaction when
engaging in the unwanted
activity.
Give two ways in which
mental health issues can
affect physical wellbeing.
What are the two main types
of depression?
What is meant by a holistic
approach to treating
depression?
What is the difference
between addiction and
substance abuse?
How does aversion therapy
work?
GCSE AQA Revision • Psychology
GCSE AQA Revision • Psychology
GCSE AQA Revision • Psychology
GCSE AQA Revision • Psychology
GCSE AQA Revision • Psychology