The Luddites: 1811-1816

The Luddites: 1811-1816

Ned LuddNed Ludd [a mythical figure supposed to live [a mythical figure supposed to live in Sherwood Forest]in Sherwood Forest]

Attacks on the “frames” [power looms].Attacks on the “frames” [power looms].

The Luddite TriangleThe Luddite Triangle

The LudditesThe Luddites

The Neo-Luddites Today

The Neo-Luddites Today

BritishBritishSoldiers Soldiers Fire on Fire on BritishBritish

Workers:Workers:

Let us die Let us die like men, like men,

and not be and not be sold like sold like slaves!slaves!

Peterloo Massacre, 1819

Peterloo Massacre, 1819

The “Peoples’ Charter”

The “Peoples’ Charter”V Drafted in 1838 by Drafted in 1838 by William LovettWilliam Lovett..

V Radical campaign for Radical campaign for Parliamentary reform of the Parliamentary reform of the inequalities created by the Reform inequalities created by the Reform Bill of 1832.Bill of 1832. Votes for all men.Votes for all men.

Equal electoral districts.Equal electoral districts. Abolition of the requirement that Members of Abolition of the requirement that Members of

Parliament [MPs] be property owners.Parliament [MPs] be property owners. Payment for Members of Parliament.Payment for Members of Parliament. Annual general elections.Annual general elections. The secret ballot. The secret ballot.

The Chartists

The Chartists

KeyKey

               ChartistChartistsettlementssettlements

                 Centres of Centres of ChartismChartism

           Area of plug Area of plug riots, 1842riots, 1842

The ChartistsThe Chartists

A physical force—A physical force—Chartists arming for Chartists arming for the fight.the fight.

A female ChartistA female Chartist

Anti-Corn Law League, 1845

Anti-Corn Law League, 1845

4 Give manufactures more outlets for Give manufactures more outlets for their products.their products.

4 Expand employment.Expand employment.4 Lower the price of bread.Lower the price of bread.4 Make British agriculture more Make British agriculture more

efficient and productive.efficient and productive.4 Expose trade and agriculture to Expose trade and agriculture to

foreign competition.foreign competition.4 Promote international peace through Promote international peace through

trade contact.trade contact.

Thomas MalthusThomas Malthus Population growth willPopulation growth will

outpace the food supply.outpace the food supply.

War, disease, or famineWar, disease, or faminecould control population.could control population.

The poor should have The poor should have less children.less children.

Food supply will then keep up Food supply will then keep up with population.with population.

David RicardoDavid Ricardo ““Iron Law of Wages.”Iron Law of Wages.”

When wages are high,When wages are high,workers have moreworkers have morechildren.children.

More children create aMore children create alarge labor surplus thatlarge labor surplus thatdepresses wages.depresses wages.

The Utilitarians:Jeremy Bentham & John

Stuart Mill

The Utilitarians:Jeremy Bentham & John

Stuart Mill The goal of society is The goal of society is the greatest good for the greatest the greatest good for the greatest number.number.

There is a role to play for government There is a role to play for government intervention to provide some social safetyintervention to provide some social safetynet.net.

Jeremy BenthamJeremy Bentham

The Socialists: Utopians & Marxists The Socialists: Utopians & Marxists

People as a society would operate and own People as a society would operate and own thethemeans of production, not individuals.means of production, not individuals.

Their goal was a society that benefited Their goal was a society that benefited everyone, not just a rich, well-connected few.everyone, not just a rich, well-connected few.

Tried to build perfect communities [Tried to build perfect communities [utopiasutopias].].

Government Response

Government Responsek Abolition of slavery in the Abolition of slavery in the

coloniescoloniesin 1832 [to raise wages in in 1832 [to raise wages in Britain].Britain].

k Sadler CommissionSadler Commission to look intoto look intoworking conditionsworking conditions

Factory ActFactory Act [1833] – child labor.[1833] – child labor.

k New Poor LawNew Poor Law [1834] – indoor [1834] – indoor relief.relief.

Poor houses.Poor houses.

k Reform BillReform Bill [1832] – broadens [1832] – broadens thethevote for the cities.vote for the cities.

British Reform Bill of 1832

British Reform Bill of 1832

British Reform BillsBritish Reform Bills

By 1850: Zones of

Industrializationon the European

Continent

By 1850: Zones of

Industrializationon the European

Continentù Northeast France.Northeast France.ù Belgium.Belgium.ù The Netherlands.The Netherlands.ù Western German states.Western German states.ù Northern ItalyNorthern Italyù East Germany East Germany Saxony Saxony

Industrialization By 1850

Industrialization By 1850

Railroads on the Continent

Railroads on the Continent

Share in World Manufacturing

Output: 1750-1900

Share in World Manufacturing

Output: 1750-1900

The Politics of IndustrializationThe Politics of

Industrialization) Create rules for the formation of Create rules for the formation of

corporations.corporations.ù State ownership of some industries.State ownership of some industries.

) RRs RRs Belgium & most of Germany. Belgium & most of Germany.ù Tariffs Tariffs British Corn Laws. British Corn Laws.ù National Banks granted a monopoly National Banks granted a monopoly

on on issuing bank notes.issuing bank notes.) Bank of England.Bank of England.) Bank of France.Bank of France.

ù Companies required to register with Companies required to register with the government & publish annual the government & publish annual budgets.budgets.

ù New legislation to:New legislation to:) Establish limited liability.Establish limited liability.

ù Postal system.Postal system.ù Free trade zones Free trade zones Ger. Ger. ZollvereinZollverein

Bibliographic Sources

Bibliographic Sources

) ““Images of the Industrial Revolution.”Images of the Industrial Revolution.”Mt. Holyoke College. Mt. Holyoke College. http://www.mtholyoke.edu/courses/rschwart/ind_rev/imahttp://www.mtholyoke.edu/courses/rschwart/ind_rev/images/images-ind-era.htmlges/images-ind-era.html

) ““The Peel Web: A Web of English History.”The Peel Web: A Web of English History.”http://dspace.dial.pipex.com/mbloy/c-eight/primary.htmhttp://dspace.dial.pipex.com/mbloy/c-eight/primary.htm