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The many emotions across the adult life span, and how we
interpret them
Susan Charles, Ph.D.
Socioemotional Selectivity Theory
Aging
Strength
Situation SelectionSituation ModificationAttention DeploymentCognitive AppraisalsMemoryChange in perspective
Time left (SST)Time livedAwareness of Limitations
+
+
Emotional Well-Being (WB)
WB before a negative event (overall well-being)
WB during and shortly after negative event
WB long after a Negative Event
+
Reduced Physiological Flexibility
+
Vulnerability
Prolonged HPA arousalDecreased cellular InhibitionIncreased blood pressure
+
+
SAVIStrength and Vulnerability Integration
Charles, 2010Luong & Charles, 2013
The relationship between respondents’ age and subjective well-being as a function of their country’s GDP, after controlling for other individual differences (gender, marital status,
employment status, subjective health, subjective income, social contact, and religiosity).
Hannah J. Swift et al. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2014;geronb.gbu011
© The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: [email protected].
Covariates only Including context Covariates only Including contextNA mean NA duration
0
1
2
~45 years old ~56 years old ~68 years old
Neg
ative
affe
ct
Negative AffectMean level; Maximum that day
Positive Affect
Covariates only Including context Covariates only Including contextPA mean PA duration
0
1
2
3
4
~45 years old ~56 years old ~68 years old
Positi
ve a
ffect
Which emotions?
• cheerful, in good spirits, extremely happy, calm and peaceful, satisfied, full of life, enthusiastic, attentive, proud, active, close to others, like you belong, and confident.
• feeling worthless, so sad nothing could cheer you up, nervous, restless or fidgety, hopeless, that everything was an effort, worthless, afraid, jittery, irritable, ashamed, upset, lonely, angry, and frustrated
Groups: ~42 years-old; ~58 years-old
(individual differences in emotional experience)
Angry/Anxious
Sadness
Positive Affect
.48
.58
-.49
-.50 -.39
-.35
Oldest Age Group - ~74 years-old(individual differences in emotional experience)
Angry/Anxious Sadness
Positive AffectLow Arousal
.44
.70
-.42-.31 -.30
-.21
Positive AffectHigh Arousal
Daily Architecture of Emotions:Negative Emotions
Daily Architecture of Emotions:Positive Emotions
Agentic Social
Cheerful Agentic/Social
Content
Cheerful
Relatively younger Adults (~42 years-old)
Middle age group (~58 years-old) and oldest (~74 years-old)
Emotions experienced when talking with: Close friends, family members, new friends
• Happy, pride, accomplished, amused, joy, contentment, interest, excited
• Fear, anger, sad, shame, irritable, frustrated, bored, anxiety, guilty, disgust, embarrassed
Accomplishment
CloseF Family NewFriend0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
YoungerOlder
Amused
Close F Family NewFriend0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
YoungerOlder
Irritable
CloseF Family NewFriend0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
YoungerOlder
In our investigative and interpretive journey…
• Positive more “mixed” than negative Negative more embedded in evolution Positive more embedded in culture
o How does this phenomenon “feel”?o When are they taking place? (context)o When are they useful?
• Focus on situations/environments
Thank you
• David Almeida, Ph.D.• Jennifer Piazza, Ph.D.• Laura Carstensen, Ph.D.• Jacqueline Mogle, Ph.D.• Gloria Luong, Ph.D.• Kate Leger• Emily Urban
• NIH/NIA: R01AG042431; P01 AG020166, R01 AG019239