The Middle Colonies New York New Jersey Pennsylvania
Delaware
Slide 3
New Netherland Becomes New York New Netherland settled by the
Dutch in 1624 The Dutch West India company used the patroon system
to attract settlers A patroon is a person who received land as a
reward for bringing 50 settlers to New Netherland
Slide 4
New Netherland Becomes New York Puritans, Jews, and Africans
slaves were among those who lived in New Netherland Colonys
governor was Peter Stuyvesant.
Slide 5
New Netherland Becomes New York English saw Dutch control of
New Netherlands as a threat because: Closeness to other colonies
Threat to English trade Duke of York, brother of King Charles II,
drove the Dutch out by surrounding the city of New Amsterdam (New
York) New Netherland became New York, a proprietary colony. The
Duke was the proprietor, or owner.
Slide 6
New Jersey Given to Sir George Carteret and Lord John Berkeley
by their friend the Duke of York Promised religious freedom, large
land grants, and a representative assembly.
Slide 7
Pennsylvania William Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania, was
given the land by King Charles II due to a debt owed to his family.
Founded for Quakers Promised religious freedom and equality for all
Penns policies made Pennsylvania one the wealthiest colonies
Slide 8
Delaware Originally the three lower counties of Pennsylvania.
They broke away to form the colony of Delaware
Slide 9
A Wealth of Resources Longer growing season and rich soil made
the growing of cash crops, or crops raised to be sold for money, a
common source of income.
Slide 10
Diversity Dutch and German farmers brought advanced
agricultural methods Skills, knowledge, and hard work soon led to
an abundance of foods
Slide 11
The Importance of Mills Gristmills were used to crush grain
between two heavy stones to produce flour or meal. Mills were
powered by humans, animals, or rivers Middle colonies had many
rivers http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hg L0HluK5ig
Slide 12
The Growth of Cities in the Middle Colonies Harbors along the
coast gave birth to cities New York City grew up at the mouth of
the Hudson River Philadelphia grew up at the mouth of the Delaware
River Exported cash crops and imported manufactured goods from
Europe
Slide 13
Germans in the Middle Colonies Largest of group of non-English
immigrants Many came as indentured servants fleeing religious
intolerance Strong tradition of craftsmanship brought many
artisans, or craftspeople to the Middle Colonies
Slide 14
Germans in the Middle Colonies Conestoga wagons were built to
carry produce to town Wide wheels suitable for dirt roads Canvas
covers offer protection
Slide 15
Religious Tolerance Middle colonies much more tolerant of other
faiths than in New England Dutch of New York and Quakers of
Pennsylvania both practiced religious tolerance Quakers were
anti-slavery and opposed to cruel treatment of Native Americans
Quakers insisted on equality of men and women Example: Quaker women
served as preachers
Slide 16
The Southern Colonies Maryland Virginia North Carolina South
Carolina Georgia
Slide 17
Maryland Founded by Lord Baltimore in 1632 as a refuge for
Roman Catholics Promised religious freedom and passed the
Toleration Act in 1649. Economy based on tobacco and slaves
Slide 18
The Carolinas Carolina founded in 1663 City of Charleston
became a refuge for Huguenots Grew rice and indigo, which created a
need for slave labor Used enslaved Africans and local Native
Americans were bought and sold as well
Slide 19
The Carolinas Colonists overthrew proprietary rule, so it
became a royal colony, or ruled by governors appointed by the king,
in 1729. Split into North Carolina and South Carolina
Slide 20
Georgia Founded by James Oglethorpe Filled with convicts who
were imprisoned for owing taxes Sentences were forgiven in exchange
for going to colony to work
Slide 21
The Plantation Economy Almost year-round growing season and
rich soil Plantation farming became a way of life Created a demand
for slave labor
Slide 22
The Plantation Economy Plantations were self- sufficient Made
or produced almost everything they needed Because of this, large
cities like those in the North were rare Charles Town was the
exception
Slide 23
The Turn To Slavery
Slide 24
Plantations Expand Spread of plantations growing mainly rice
and indigo More Africans brought into the Southern colonies
Decrease in the use of indentured servants
Slide 25
The Planter Class Term used to describe the VERY wealthy Very
few owned the majority of the land Owned LOTS of slaves to work the
land Controlled all of the political and economic power This
situation remained until the Civil War
Slide 26
Life Under Slavery Slaves worked in groups under the
supervision of overseers men hired to watch over and direct the
work of slaves Usually worked 15 hours a day. Whipped by the
overseer if they seemed they werent working hard enough
Slide 27
Life Under Slavery Lived in small, one-room cabins furnished
only with sleeping cots Give very little to eat Example: bushel of
corn and 1 pound of pork per week Some could raise their own
gardens
Slide 28
Resistance to Slavery Subtle Resistance Working slowly Damaging
owners property Doing things the wrong way purposefully
Not-so-subtle resistance Slave Revolts Example: Stono Rebellion
Effects of Slave Rebellions 1. Slaves forbidden to leave
plantations without permission 2. Illegal for slaves to meet with
free blacks
Slide 29
The Backcountry Appalachian mountains run from eastern Canada
south to Alabama
Slide 30
Slide 31
Backcountry Settlers Some made living by trading with Native
Americans Springs and streams provided water and forests provided
wood for log cabins and fences Paid for goods with deerskins. One
buckskin was called a ..
Slide 32
Backcountry Homes Filled holes with mud, grass, and clay Sawed
out doors and windows Paper smeared with animal fat to cover their
windows
Slide 33
The Scots - Irish Came from borderland between Scotland and
England Persecution, poverty, and crop failure Clans, or large
groups of families, of Scots-Irish came by the 1000s
Slide 34
Backcountry Life She is a very civil women and shows nothing of
ruggedness or Immodesty in her carriage, yett she will carry a gunn
in the woods and kill deer, turkeys, etc., shoot doun wild cattle,
catch and tye hoggs, knock down cattle with an ax and perform the
most manfull Exercises.