The Muscular System

Learning Objectives –

We are developing our knowledge of the Muscular System

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Cardiovascular RecapGrade Question Mark Scheme

C Circle the 3 parts of the Cardiovascular system. (1 Mark)Then, list 2 Short Term and 2 Long Term effects of Exercise on the Cardiovascular System. (2 marks)

Heart Lungs Biceps Blood Vessels Blood Oxygen

Short Term – 1. Increase HEART RATE 2.INCREASE CARDIAC OUTPUT(C.O)Long Term – 1. Decrease RHR 2. Increase STROKE Volume

B Explain the reason for the increase in Cardiac Output when you start exercising? (2 Marks)(Clue – Increase HRCardiac Output =

HR x Volume of blood each beat

Increase in HR / more demand for oxygen at working muscles / More beats per minute means = more blood pumped per minute than when at rest.

A Explain how Stroke Volume is affected by the amount of Cardiac Muscle surrounding the heart. (2 Marks)

Stronger cardiac muscle / stronger contractions / more blood pumped PER BEAT.

A*

Analyse the importance of diet in relation to a healthy cardiovascular system.(3 Marks)

Cholestorol Lipoprotein – HDL good for cholestorolLDL bad (fatty foods)Poor diet can lead to fatty deposits / increase in blood pressure.

Cardiovascular RecapGrade Question Answer

C Circle the 3 parts of the Cardiovascular system. (1 Mark)Then, list 2 Short Term and 2 Long Term effects of Exercise on the Cardiovascular System. (2 marks)

Heart Lungs Biceps Blood Vessels Blood Oxygen

Short Term – 1. Increase H____ R___ 2.Increase _______________(C.O)

Long Term – 1. De________ RHR 2. Increase ______ Volume

B Explain the reason for the increase in Cardiac Output when you start exercising? (2 Marks)(Clue – Increase HRCardiac Output =

HR x Volume of blood each beat

A Explain how Stroke Volume is affected by the amount of Cardiac Muscle surrounding the heart. (3 Marks)

(Stroke Volume = Per Beat)

A*

Analyse the importance of diet in relation to a healthy cardiovascular system.(3 Marks)

The Muscular SystemStarter – Write the name of the correct muscle in the box (the full name)

DeltoidTrapezius

Latissimus DorsiPectorals

AbdominalsBicepsTricpes

GlutealsQuadricepsHamstrings

Gastrocnemius

The Muscular SystemStarter – Link the name of the muscle to the correct part of the body

DeltoidTrapezius

Latissimus DorsiPectorals

AbdominalsBicepsTricpes

Gluteals QuadricepsHamstrings

Gastrocnemius

The Muscular SystemStarter – Use the clues to link the correct name of the muscle to the body

Paired MusclesWatch the video and highlight important information. Please then answer the question below.

Answer these questions –

1.Muscles work in pairs – True or False

2. The AGONIST is the muscle that relaxes - True or False

3. Muscles are attached to bone by Tendons – True or False

4. The proper name for muscles working as pairs is – ANT_______________

5. An ISOMETRIC movement involves a stationary contraction

Explain how the Quadriceps and Hamstrings work together to make the leg bend at the knee. Draw a picture to help if needed.

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C

B

A

Analyse the muscles used by Usain Bolt during the whole of a Sprint race. Show knowledge of muscles names / pairs / agonists.

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The Various Muscular Movements

ROTA

TIO

N

Function Muscle Use

Gluteals

Quadriceps

Hamstrings

Biceps

Triceps

Gastrocnemius

Deltoid

Trapezius

Lattisimus Dorsi

Pectoral

Abdominal

A________ the arm, AWAY from the upper body

R________ the upper arm at the shoulder

Rotates the shoulder blades backwards

Adduction of the arm

Flexion of the arm at the elbow

Flexion/Rotation of the trunk

Ex________of the arm at the elbow

Extension of the upper leg

Extension of the leg at the knee

Flexion of the leg at the knee

Plantar f_______ of the foot

Match the Muscle to the function, completing the missing words – then think of a sporting example. Some help has been provided.

The Muscles and Movement

C B

Running – pushing on the toes

Running and for good posture

Gluteals

Quadriceps

Hamstrings

Biceps

Triceps

Gastrocnemius

Deltoid

Trapezius

Lattisimus Dorsi

Pectoral

Abdominal

Abducts the arm, from the upper body

Rotates the upper arm at the shouler

Rotates the shoulder blades backwards

Adduction of the arm

Flexion of the arm at the elbow

Flexion/Rotation of the trunk

Extension of the arm at the elbow

Extension of the upper leg

Extension of the leg at the knee

Flexion of the leg at the knee

Plantar flexion of the foot

Rowing

Serve in Tennis

Running – pushing onto the toes

Kicking a football

Sprinting – when leg bends

Running and for maintaining good posture

Rowing

Swimming Front Crawl

Bending the arm to throw a cricket ball

Straightening the arm to throw a cricket ball

Swimming Butterfly

Match the muscle to the function and then link it to a sporting action.HINT – Give the action a go to see which muscle is contracting.

The Muscles and Movement

C B

Grade A Challenge –Give 3 examples of the muscle movements used in your sport

The Muscles and Movement

Muscle Function Use

Grade A* Challenge –Give 1 example of a muscle movement used in - The Olympic RIngs

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The Muscles and ExerciseRead the BOXES and place a number next to the letter in the order you believe they go.

Exercise increases the body’s demand for oxygen and glycogen …

…because the muscles need more energy to function…

They are contracting and lengthening at an increased rate…

When the demand becomes too high then lactic acid builds up until it is not possible to continue.

Muscles can then ache and can cause cramp.

Extra waste products are created when muscles work harder…

…so more blood is required to take them away…

It is possible to continue working aerobically as long as the intensity is not too high.

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The Muscles and ExerciseRead the Information below and follow the questions.

B

Exercise increases the body’s demand for oxygen and glycogen because the muscles need more energy to function. They are contracting and lengthening at an increased rate. Extra waste products are created when muscles work harder so more blood is required to take them away. It is possible to continue working aerobically as long as the intensity is not too high. When the demand becomes too high then lactic acid builds up until it is not possible to continue. Muscles can then ache and can cause cramp.

Explain why a Warm up and cool down are vital for an athlete. (Key words – Oxygen / Lactic Acid / Remove)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

ALook at the pictures on the desk – pick one and analyse and explain the impact it could have on the muscular system.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________