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The New South Chapter 16
The New South
Chapter 16
Bourbon Triumvirate
Redemption Era : period after Reconstruction and before the “New South”
Redeem the state from the hardships of Reconstruction (i.e.…The Republican Party)
The Bourbon Triumvirate: Joseph Brown, Alfred Colquitt, and John Gordon
Democrats who wanted stronger economic ties with northern industry but maintain “old South traditions” (White Supremacy)
Joseph BrownYale Law SchoolOpened law office in Canton, GAState senatorJudgeN. Georgia farmer1857: elected governorState’s rights activistPossible connections to KKK
Annals: records
Governor Joseph Brown
Alfred ColquittPrinceton Law SchoolFought in Mexican WarState senatorMaj. Gen. in Confederate Army1876: elected GovernorState debt reducedNew state constitution (1877)
Political Ally: one who shares a common cause Alfred Colquitt
John B. Gordon
Lt. Gen. in Confederate ArmyNewspaper manManager of coal mineRumored Head of Georgia’s KKK during Reconstruction1886: elected GovernorBrought new industry to Georgia.Lt. Gen. John B. Gordon
The Bourbon TriumvirateSuccesses
State taxes lowered
State war debts reduced
Business and industry expanded
Failures
Did not improve lives of poor
Education suffered
Did not reform prisons
Poor working conditions in factories
Convict Lease SystemPrisoners were leased (rented) to people who provided them with housing and food in exchange for labor (Slavery?)
Repairing/building RailroadsFarmingMining
Rules ignored, such as…health care, work on Sundays, adequate clothing and housing.Paid workers were not given work because of cheap Convict Lease System…Bourbon Triumvirate took advantage of this!
Chain gang in western North Carolina
Rebecca and William FeltonRoots of Populist MovementLed a group of independent Democrats against the TriumvirateFrom Cartersville
William Felton: U.S. Congressman; served in GA General Assembly
Worked to improve education, prison reform, and paved the way for controls and limits on alcohol.
Rebecca Latimer Felton
Picture of 1930 Prohibition
Rebecca Felton
A leader towards suffrage-votes, particularly for women.Pushed for temperance-anti-alcoholPopular writer for the “Atlanta Journal”
Used paper as a forum (Way to communicate ideas…TV, paper, radio, speech…)
Began Georgia Training School for Girls in Atlanta
With Margaret Olivia Slocum Sage
First female U.S. Senator in nation’s historyReplaced another Senator due to death (24 hours)
“The New South”
New South: A phrase used to describe southern progress in the late 1800s…Industry!
Henry W. Grady: first to use the phrase…editor for the Atlanta Daily Journal
Henry W. Grady
Example of Georgia Industry
The Chicago Fire
1871-Started in the barn of Daniel Sullivan17,500 buildings destroyed250 people killed$200 Million in damage
Mrs. O’Leary’s Cow!!!
Chicago before the fire Chicago during the fire
Industrial Revolution
New inventions and leaps forward in technologyThe rise of the factory and industry
Assembly LinePoor, difficult and dangerous working conditions (Laissez-faire)
Rise of the City (Urban)Labor Organizations: Unions
Worked for the improvement of safety and working conditions in the work place.
Religious and Charitable (Philanthropic) organizations came to the aid of workers and child laborers.
Immigration
Immigration: people moving into the U.S. from other countriesEmigration: people moving out of the U.S. to other countries (move away)
1840-1880: Western Europe (Ireland, France,…)1900-1910: Southern and Eastern Europe (Italy, Germany,…)
Congress passed acts to restrict immigration.They feared the newcomers would take jobs and gain political officesLed by the people who had been here since before the Revolution
Ellis Island
Political Scandals
Schuyler Colfax New York Elections in 1870s
Rutherford B. Hayes 2000 Electoral Map
Political Scandals IICredit Mobilier Scandal: a political and financial scandal in President Grant’s administration that centered around the Trans-Continental Railroad.New York Democratic Party Machine: robbed the city of millions of dollars and led through bribery and threats.1876 Election: Rutherford B. Hayes (Rep.) vs. Samuel Tilden (Dem.)
Tilden won the popular vote.4 Disputed states (Florida, Louisiana, South Carolina, and Oregon)Special committee appointed to decide the election.
5 Senators, 5 House of Reps., and 5 Supreme Court Justices (8 Republicans and 7 Democrats)Voted Party Lines
Hayes ended Carpetbag rule and removed all troops from the south…to fulfill promises made to Committee.Similar to the 2000 Bush-Gore Election
James Garfield Assassination1881 Republican President
Involved in Credit Mobilier ScandalKilled by an angry Republican job seeker who was overlooked for a government position.
Patronage: appointing people to gov’t jobs in return for political support.
Pendleton Civil Service Act of 1883: established civil service exams for job vacancies in government.
Most qualified would get job
James Garfield
Railroad depot where Garfield was shot
“Splendid Little War”
February 15, 1898:The U.S. battleship “Maine” blew up in Havana (Cuba) Harbor…260 Americans diedAmericans blamed the SpanishSpanish-American War
“Remember The Maine!”Rallying cry for Americans seeking war with Spain.
Battleship Maine
Spanish-American WarCommodore George Dewey:
Defeated Spanish fleet stationed in Manila, Philippine Islands
Theodore Roosevelt:Led the attack up San Juan Hill, Cuba…future President
Treaty signed in Paris ending war in 1898.
U.S. gained Cuba, Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam for $20 million.
George Dewey
Theodore Roosevelt
The Populist MovementRose from farmers and workers who were becoming tired,
poor, and discouraged!The Grange: name used for the “Patrons of Husbandry”, a group organized to allow social gatherings where farmers could talk about common problems.
Early 1870s prices began to dropBanks not lending as much money to farmers
Georgia’s Granges
1872: Georgia’s Granges become political (Along with others in the South and Midwest).
Applied political pressure (lobbying) to state legislature and forced the formation of a State Department of Agriculture (1st in the nation)The National Grange
The Farmers’ Alliance
Farmers’ Alliance: began as social organizations in the Northwest and the South.
Formed co-ops: purchased goods and equipment directly from producers and sold to farmers at wholesale prices -cost of production (No taxes).Called for more U.S. production of paper moneyHigher credit limits to farmers
The Populist PartyThe Farmers’ Alliance joined with
labor organizations (unions) to form this new political
party.
Platform:1. 8hour workday2. Gov’t ownership of
railroad, telephone, and telegraph
3. Graduated federal income tax
4. Direct election of U.S. Senators
5. Restriction of immigration6. Use of Australian Ballot:
Ballot printed by gov’t, distributed at voting places, and collected in secret sealed boxes.
1892 Election: Democrat Grover Cleveland won…Populist candidate: James B. Weaver
James B. Weaver
White and black farmers
Tom WatsonGeorgia’s best known Populist.1882: elected to Georgia General Assembly1890: elected to Congress with backing of Farmers’ Alliance
Introduced the Rural Free Delivery Bill (RFD): required the postmaster general to find a way to deliver mail to rural homes free of charge
Warren County: 1st in GA
1896: ran as vice-president under William Jennings Bryant (Lost)Tom Watson, Populist
CreditsPage 2: http://www.historypictures.com/home_ahppx_e.htmPage 3: http://ngeorgia.com/people/brown.html Page 4: http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=C000647 Page 5: http://ngeorgia.com/people/gordon.html Page 7: http://www.millionsforreparations.com/prisons.html Page 8: http://www.beerbooks.com/cgi/ps4.cgi?action=enter&thispage=psdbi/map/prohibitionphotos.html&order_id=!ORDERID!
Page 8: http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-904 Page 10: http://www.wordtravels.com/Travelguide/Provinces/Georgia/PhotosPage 10: http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-2451Page 11: http://www.chicagohs.org/fire/prefire/pic0173.htmlPage 11: http://www.chicagohs.org/fire/conflag/pic0172.htmlPage 13: http://www.ellisisland.com/ellis_home.htmlPage 14: http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/rh19.htmlPage 14: http://www.gothamgazette.com/article/issueoftheweek/20030901/200/507Page 14: http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=C000626Page 14: http://www.usnews.com/usnews/news/election/map.htmPage 16: http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/jg20.htmlPage 16: http://www.crimelibrary.com/terrorists_spies/assassins/charles_guiteau/index.htmlPage 17: http://www.spanamwar.com/maine.htmPage 18: http://www.loc.gov/rr/hispanic/1898/dewey.htmlPage 18: http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/tr26.html
Credits IIPage 19: http://www.phoenixmasonry.org/masonicmuseum/fraternalism/grange.htmPage 20: http://www.nationalgrange.org/about/history.htmlPage 22: http://www.pbs.org/wnet/jimcrow/stories_org_populist.htmlPage 22: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_B._WeaverPage 23: http://projects.vassar.edu/1896/watson.html
