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The Progressive Movement & World War I
Unit 9 & 10
The Progressive Movement
Timeline Roots of the Progressive Movement Aspects of the Progressive Movement
(Economic, Social, & Political) Progressive Presidents (Theodore
Roosevelt & Woodrow Wilson Essential Questions
1890 1893 1896 1899 1902 1905 1908 1911 1914 1917 1920
Sherman Anti-TrustAct Passed by Congress1820
The Jungle is Published 18th Amendment
Outlaws Alcohol
NAACP wasFounded 1909
19th AmendmentGives Women theRight to Vote
TIMELINE – Progressive Era
Roots of the Progressive Movement
Progressive Movement: actually a collection of many movements, but generally a term that described the years from 1890-1820, when Americans tried to improve many of America’s social problems.
Muckraker – Journalist that investigated social conditions and exposed government corruption
Magazines: Magazines
became popular at this time and some, like McClure’s, often supported the articles of muckrakers
Author: Upton Sinclair’s
The Jungle exposed the unsanitary conditions in the nation’s meat packing industry
Excerpt from The Jungle
That day they had killed about four thousand cattle, and these cattle had come in freight trains from far states, and some of them had got hurt. There were some with broken legs, and some with gored sides; there were some that had died, from what cause no one could say; and they were all to be disposed of, here in darkness and silence. "Downers," the men called them; and the packing house had a special elevator upon which they were raised to the killing beds, where the gang proceeded to handle them, with an air of businesslike nonchalance which said plainer than any words that it was a matter of everyday routine. It took a couple of hours to get them out of the way, and in the end Jurgis saw them go into the chilling rooms with the rest of the meat, being carefully scattered here and there so that they could not be identified – Upton Sinclair
Populist Connection Many of the ideas of
the Progressive Movement were born in the old Populist Movement
Each though they could cause great changes to society through their actions
Economic Issues:
Monopoly and Trusts:- Sherman Anti Trust Act: 1890 outlawed trusts- First indication of government regulation of big business
Child Labor:- reduced at first and then eventually eliminated- marked the beginning of the creation of mandatory public schooling for children
Consumer Protection:- Meat Inspection Act: set standards for meat packing cleanliness and federal inspections- Food and Drug Act: prohibited the manufacture, sale, or shipment of impure or falsely labeled food and drugs
Social Issues:
The Urban Poor: Gap between the Rich and Poor expands
Water and sewage system improve helping to stop spread of disease
Building codes created for better housing conditions
Settlement Houses: located in working class areas, offer child care, education, job search help, and social activities for new immigrants
Women’s Rights Education (college excepting women) & Birth Control
(Family Planning Options) Suffrage (the right to vote):
Biggest issue for women Began in mid-1800s at Seneca Falls 1900s women pushed for an Amendment to the
Constitution of the US Role of Women in WWI changes many minds 1920: the 19th Amendment passed guaranteeing
women the right to vote
African Americans:
Booker T. Washington: promoted vocational training for African Americans to support them economically
WEB Dubois founded the NAACP; advocated for better educational opportunities for American Americans
Political Issues: Imperfect Democracy: reforms came about to make
America work democratic as compared with the ideal view of democracy
Solutions: Initiative: citizens can initiate legislation at a grass
roots level Referendum: public vote on proposed legislation
that originated through the public Recall: state voters can recall a elected official
based on a collective feeling of “no confidence” Direct Primaries: major political parties allow party
members to actively participate in the process by which candidates are selected to run for offices
Progressive Presidents
Theodore Roosevelt
Woodrow Wilson
Roosevelt
Trust Buster: Roosevelt worked
to end any types of monopolies: Felt their were
good trust that needed to be regulated and bad trusts that needed to be dissolved
Conservation: Newlands
Reclamation Act – money from the sale of public lands was used to pay for irrigation, dams, and land development projects
Wilson
New Freedom: the name given to Wilson’s progressive domestic policies Reduced tariffs on imported goods Led reform of the inept national banking
system Strengthened the Sherman Act to
combat trusts
Essential Questions
2. In what ways did the Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson define the office for future Presidents?
- They began the precedents of having the government intervene on in business affairs on behalf of citizen protection
- They enacted social policies for the protection of society at large
3. Give examples of the governments increased resistance to “Laissez-faire” economics:
- Railroad regulations were the first important moves to regulate private businesses” effected with the public interests
- Trust Busting Act: Sherman Antitrust
- Child labor laws and consumer protection laws were passed
World War I
Map Timeline US Imperialism World War I Essential Questions
1865 1870 1875 1880 1885 1890 1895 1900 1905 1910 1915
1867 – USPurchasesAlaska fromRussia
US Wins Spanish-America War 1898
Boxer Rebellion and Open Door Policy in China
1914 – PanamaCanal Finished
WWI in EuropeBegins 1914
US EntersWWI - 1917
Imperialism: Powerful nations taking over weaker regions in order to create conditions that benefit the powerful nations in some way – usually economically
Reasons for US Imperialism:1. Economic
- To get raw materials for industry- To create new markets for new
industrial products
2. National/Political- Naval bases were needed for an
expanding navy – sent to protect US trade interests- Expansion of Manifest Destiny to include expansion across the ocean
3. Social- Social Darwinism – many felt that Americans were obligated to bring the benefits of American society to other people and that American society was superior to others, and therefore had the right to dominate other societies
Opposition to US Imperialism
Many Americans, including prominent reformers, opposed US imperialism
They felt it went against the American ideals of human equality and self-government
Early Events of US Imperialism
1. Opening of Japan:- Commodore Matthew Perry negotiated a treaty with Japan to open two ports to US ships- Japan used this connection to expand industrially and militarily over the next decades
Open Door Policy/Boxer Rebellion:- US urged European nations to allow for an “open door” when considering outsiders trading with China- Influx of foreigners angered China- Chinese citizens known as Boxers attacked foreigners in China- Foreign armies came to defense of their citizens and defeated the Boxers
The Spanish American War
Causes: Underlying Causes: Many Americans saw
the Cuban situation as an opportunity to continue expansion and also save Cubans from Spanish control
Immediate Causes: Yellow Journalism: propaganda Sinking of the Maine: US ship sunk in Cuba;
public blames the Spanish even though it was never proven
The War:- US won in just four months
Results:- Cuban independence- US gained control of the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico- US became recognized a more of a world power
Latin America
1.) The Monroe Doctrine
- Policy since 1823 that warned outside nations from getting involved in the Western Hemisphere
- It was seldom an issue until the 20th Century
Roosevelt Corollary: Interpretation by
Pres. Theodore Roosevelt of the Monroe Doctrine
He said the Doctrine required the US to act as an “international police power” in Latin America
“Big Stick” Policy
From Roosevelt’s famous quotation that the US would “Speak softly and carry a Big Stick” when considering issues in Latin America
This meant they would use diplomacy, but would consider military means to solve issues if necessary
Panama Canal: US negotiated the right to build a canal to
shorten the sea route to the Pacific Signed a 99 year lease with the nation of
Panama to operate the Canal
World War I
Europe’s War:- Militarism- Nationalism- Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
America Stays Out
1. President Wilson:- Presented the US as a Neutral Nation- Privately supported the “Allies”
2. Anti-War Movement:- Many Americans supported “isolationism” –
stay out of affairs of others- Others were against US involvement
altogether
America Joins the War
Submarines/Lusitania:- Germany’s “unrestricted” submarine warfare angered many Americans- The sinking of the British Ship the Lusitania, with American citizens on board, angered Americans
Zimmerman Telegram
The German foreign minister sent a message to Mexico, urging them to join Germany against the US in return for lands they lost to the US
The telegram was intercepted by the US and made public – this turned many Americans against Germany because of these sneak tactics
America’s Role in the War
Selective Service:- provided for a military draft- all men between 18 and 45 had to register
Doughboys:- nickname given to American soldiers
Modernization of War:- Machine guns, artillery, poison gas, airplanes, and tanks
Schenck vs. United States (1914)
Concerned with Freedom of Speech Supreme Court ruled that freedom of
speech could be restricted in times of war – if words presented a danger to society
Post World War I
Wilson’s Fourteen Points Peace Plan:- the name of President Wilson’s peace plan for after WWI- His ideas:
- Open diplomacy between nations, no more secret alliances- Control of the arms race- Freedom of the seas
- his ideas were ignored at the Treaty of Versailles
Treaty of VersaillesReparations:
- against Wilson’s plan, other Allied nations wanted the losers of the war to pay for Allied losses – nearly $56 Billion
League of Nations:- Though Wilson’s ideas were not implemented, he was happy that an organization of nations was created to try to prevent another world war from ever taking place
Rejections:- the Republican controlled Senate repeatedly defeated accepting the Treaty of Versailles, including having the US join the League of Nations
Return to Isolationism
Rejection of the League of Nations:- the rejection of the League of Nations by Congress was a sign that Americans wanted to return to the policy of isolationism – to stay out of European affairs
Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928):- US and France agreed to renounce aggression and outlawed war
Essential Questions
1. Why could this phase of US imperialism be labeled a 2nd stage of Manifest Destiny in America?