The Rock CycleThe Rock CycleWhere do they come from?

Where do they go?

What are rocks?What are rocks?

Naturally occurring

solids

made of minerals

no definite chemical composition

Preserve Earth’s history when formed

What are the 3 major What are the 3 major rock types?rock types?

Igneous

Sedimentary

metamorphic

IgneousIgneousMade from molten lava or magma (fire)

magma = below ground

forms intrusive igneous rocks

lava = above ground

forms extrusive igneous rocks

Can have large or small crystals

Some cool too quick for gases to escape and leave bubbles

How are igneous rocks How are igneous rocks classified?classified?

felsic - Light rocks that contain high amounts of silica

intermediate - contain between 52 - 62 % silica

mafic - Dark rocks that contain little silica

ultramafic - very dense with very little silica

intrusive - formed above ground

extrusive - formed below groundhttp://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/investigations/es0602/es0602page02.cfm

SedimentarySedimentaryFormed from compaction and cementation of weathered materials

sediments from weathered rock are deposited

weathering - breaking down of rock

erosion - carrying rock away (usually by water)

Some are formed biologically - coal, limestone

Often contain FOSSILS!!!http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/investigations/es0602/es0602page02.cfm

FossilsFossils

fossilized body parts - bones, teeth, skin, embryos, etc...

fossil traces - burrows, footprints, poop, etc...

ONLY occur in sedimentary rock

http://www.footprints-science.co.uk/fossils.htm

Metamorphic RockMetamorphic RockFormed by heat and pressure

Usually form deep within Earth’s crust

Can have foliation

banding that occurs from great stress and pressure, flattens crystals in pre -existing rock

must have parent rock http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es0607/es0607page01.cfm

http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/investigations/es0602/es0602page02.cfm

Are there types of Are there types of metamorphism?metamorphism?

YES!!!

contact metamorphism - parent rock comes in contact with a heat source, such as magma

regional metamorphism - changes to country rock over a large area

plutons - small bodies of metamorphosed country rock

batholiths - very large bodies of metamorphosed country rock

Rock cycleRock cycle

The dynamic changes of rocks between different types over time

changes through:

heat and pressure

melting

weathering and erosion

http://www.google.com/imgres?q=rock+cycle&hl=en&client=safari&sa=X&tbo=d&rls=en&biw=1440&bih=764&tbm=isch&tbnid=97D97nKo-yGC1M:&imgrefurl=http://www.meridianschools.org/MHS/TeachersStaff/MP/Nawrocki/Pages/Unit2RockCycle.aspx&docid=ut49RbuYWPJl8M&imgurl=http://www.meridianschools.org/MHS/TeachersStaff/MP/Nawrocki/PublishingImages/rock-cycle.jpg&w=510&h=400&ei=znL-UK--BZOy8ASTpYDQAw&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=443&vpy=171&dur=399&hovh=150&hovw=192&tx=118&ty=107&sig=115953012663293382693&page=1&tbnh=145&tbnw=185&start=0&ndsp=31&ved=1t:429,r:3,s:0,i:159

What is the rock cycle What is the rock cycle driven by?driven by?

heat from Earth’s core

mantle convection - circular motion of heat in Earth’s mantle

mechanical energy - movement of rocks and pieces of rock downward by gravity

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=53lMdHzvGCQ

ResourcesResources

http://www.google.com/imgres?q=gneiss&hl=en&client=safari&sa=X&tbo=d&rls=en&biw=1440&bih=764&tbm=isch&tbnid=JZdG5uXyrDcrtM:&imgrefurl=http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/geophys/gneiss.html&docid=-Yh_Ig1AgAcK7M&imgurl=http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/geophys/geopic/gneiss2.jpg&w=478&h=349&ei=omr-UOD5H5CC9gSLloHgCQ&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=399&sig=115953012663293382693&page=1&tbnh=141&tbnw=180&start=0&ndsp=29&ved=1t:429,r:3,s:0,i:120&tx=60&ty=74

http://www.google.com/imgres?q=conglomerate&hl=en&client=safari&tbo=d&rls=en&biw=1440&bih=764&tbm=isch&tbnid=tJikh7m5qswCaM:&imgrefurl=http://library.thinkquest.org/05aug/00461/conglomerate.htm&docid=oCRxfFDpAh-CrM&imgurl=http://library.thinkquest.org/05aug/00461/images/conglomerate.jpg&w=450&h=338&ei=zWr-UKLOLZSC9gS2_IHYDw&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=289&sig=115953012663293382693&page=1&tbnh=142&tbnw=197&start=0&ndsp=27&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0,i:108&tx=112&ty=55

http://www.google.com/imgres?q=igneous&hl=en&client=safari&tbo=d&rls=en&biw=1440&bih=764&tbm=isch&tbnid=XxZxAtoogsd3-M:&imgrefurl=http://www.galleries.com/rocks/igneous.htm&docid=Kvs-Uv7CNULeKM&imgurl=http://www.galleries.com/rocks/igneous.jpg&w=320&h=240&ei=BGv-UKW1G5L68QTd_YGQCg&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=284&sig=115953012663293382693&page=1&tbnh=139&tbnw=182&start=0&ndsp=27&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0,i:134&tx=120&ty=69

http://www.google.com/imgres?q=sedimentary&hl=en&client=safari&tbo=d&rls=en&biw=1440&bih=764&tbm=isch&tbnid=ABpVUFku9In57M:&imgrefurl=http://www.kidsgeo.com/geology-for-kids/0027-sedimentary-rocks.php&docid=zosm1A9q5X8DSM&imgurl=http://www.kidsgeo.com/images/sedimentary-rocks.jpg&w=300&h=306&ei=PGv-UIDsMpGE8QSd7IGYAg&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=301&sig=115953012663293382693&page=1&tbnh=141&tbnw=134&start=0&ndsp=30&ved=1t:429,r:8,s:0,i:158&tx=44&ty=76

http://www.google.com/imgres?q=metamorphic&hl=en&client=safari&tbo=d&rls=en&biw=1440&bih=764&tbm=isch&tbnid=lBoGVBQOga4G7M:&imgrefurl=http://www.americansouthwest.net/arizona/bill_williams_river/bwrocks_l.html&docid=FRipe3-IR7GFWM&imgurl=http://www.americansouthwest.net/arizona/photographs700/bwrocks.jpg&w=700&h=505&ei=WGv-UKrQK4WE8ASiqYBo&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=161&vpy=318&dur=1065&hovh=191&hovw=264&tx=135&ty=107&sig=115953012663293382693&page=1&tbnh=138&tbnw=185&start=0&ndsp=31&ved=1t:429,r:9,s:0,i:174

http://www.google.com/imgres?q=pumice&hl=en&client=safari&tbo=d&rls=en&biw=1440&bih=764&tbm=isch&tbnid=7lWEYQymPKFbMM:&imgrefurl=http://geology.com/rocks/pumice.shtml&docid=zL76aSqvvsOjuM&imgurl=http://geology.com/rocks/pictures/pumice.jpg&w=560&h=420&ei=UGz-UM65MYHc8wSEr4HACg&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=353&sig=115953012663293382693&page=1&tbnh=139&tbnw=169&start=0&ndsp=31&ved=1t:429,r:1,s:0,i:111&tx=60&ty=57

http://www.google.com/imgres?q=obsidian&hl=en&client=safari&tbo=d&rls=en&biw=1440&bih=764&tbm=isch&tbnid=FlKrzSUP4Ex53M:&imgrefurl=http://geology.com/rocks/obsidian.shtml&docid=CjiZ8xti8-h6QM&imgurl=http://geology.com/rocks/pictures/obsidian-380.jpg&w=380&h=285&ei=bmz-UKmtI4T69gSu2IC4CQ&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=829&sig=115953012663293382693&page=1&tbnh=139&tbnw=198&start=0&ndsp=30&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0,i:147&tx=154&ty=105

http://mineralsciences.si.edu/collections/rock_ore/ultramafic.htm

http://www.google.com/imgres?q=sedimentary+rocks&um=1&hl=en&client=safari&sa=N&tbo=d&rls=en&biw=1440&bih=764&tbm=isch&tbnid=6HMYbzgsu-hy2M:&imgrefurl=http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/High_School_Earth_Science/Sedimentary_Rocks&docid=dQyJlwkMIcbVUM&imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Helgoland_Lummenfelsen_22067.JPG/500px-Helgoland_Lummenfelsen_22067.JPG&w=500&h=375&ei=XG7-UMS6Co6G9QTzw4CYCA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=470&vpy=318&dur=678&hovh=194&hovw=259&tx=100&ty=123&sig=115953012663293382693&page=1&tbnh=146&tbnw=192&start=0&ndsp=30&ved=1t:429,r:11,s:0,i:183

ResourcesResources

http://www.google.com/imgres?q=carlsbad+caverns&um=1&hl=en&client=safari&tbo=d&rls=en&biw=1440&bih=764&tbm=isch&tbnid=GciONk0OurJhQM:&imgrefurl=http://www.nps.gov/cave/photosmultimedia/index.htm&docid=abOoeE6o13RZFM&imgurl=http://www.nps.gov/cave/photosmultimedia/upload/br_dolls_theater_jones.jpg&w=1800&h=1205&ei=lG7-UI7NOIa09gS52IDADA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=4&vpy=168&dur=1681&hovh=184&hovw=274&tx=165&ty=105&sig=115953012663293382693&page=1&tbnh=139&tbnw=214&start=0&ndsp=28&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0,i:147

http://www.google.com/imgres?q=fossil&hl=en&client=safari&sa=X&tbo=d&rls=en&biw=1440&bih=764&tbm=isch&tbnid=vgzOrR01VQU5kM:&imgrefurl=http://science.nationalgeographic.com/wallpaper/science/photos/permian-period/trilobite-fossil/&docid=f6zCv47kpd6XKM&imgurl=http://images.nationalgeographic.com/wpf/media-live/photos/000/012/cache/trilobite-fossil_1262_990x742.jpg&w=989&h=742&ei=Ym_-UN-WJorm8QThz4HoDA&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=262&sig=115953012663293382693&page=1&tbnh=141&tbnw=212&start=0&ndsp=30&ved=1t:429,r:19,s:0,i:207&tx=78&ty=80

http://www.google.com/imgres?q=fossil&um=1&hl=en&client=safari&sa=N&tbo=d&rls=en&biw=1440&bih=764&tbm=isch&tbnid=z6t-cWFYjQdchM:&imgrefurl=http://www.123rf.com/photo_15603461_model-dinosaur-fossil.html&docid=BewxWxdTEa8zSM&imgurl=http://us.123rf.com/400wm/400/400/bennyartist/bennyartist1210/bennyartist121000045/15603461-model-dinosaur-fossil.jpg&w=1200&h=768&ei=XnD-UJXFG5GI9gTR4oGwAQ&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=269&sig=115953012663293382693&page=2&tbnh=138&tbnw=220&start=30&ndsp=36&ved=1t:429,r:34,s:0,i:258&tx=84&ty=94

http://www.google.com/imgres?q=fossil+footprints&um=1&hl=en&client=safari&sa=N&tbo=d&rls=en&biw=1440&bih=764&tbm=isch&tbnid=Odkmgma0L8dXKM:&imgrefurl=http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/Massachusetts/fossil_dinotracks.html&docid=V-7wVxSmms0o0M&imgurl=http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/IMAGES/Massachusetts/fossil-footprint-dinosaur-t.jpg&w=380&h=319&ei=hXD-UI34Kojk8gS0uICAAg&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=4&vpy=159&dur=340&hovh=206&hovw=245&tx=104&ty=120&sig=115953012663293382693&page=1&tbnh=144&tbnw=158&start=0&ndsp=35&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0,i:124

http://www.google.com/imgres?q=foliation&hl=en&client=safari&sa=X&tbo=d&rls=en&biw=1440&bih=764&tbm=isch&tbnid=9Cc-yIwnvNH7GM:&imgrefurl=http://www.oldearth.org/curriculum/geology/geology_chapter_7.htm&docid=VX5z1NFvyLA-dM&imgurl=http://www.oldearth.org/curriculum/geology/images/Gneiss.jpg&w=600&h=361&ei=LHH-UKKuL4u89QS0-4BQ&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=173&vpy=328&dur=1801&hovh=174&hovw=290&tx=119&ty=87&sig=115953012663293382693&page=1&tbnh=132&tbnw=210&start=0&ndsp=29&ved=1t:429,r:9,s:0,i:138

http://www.google.com/imgres?q=contact+metamorphism&hl=en&client=safari&tbo=d&rls=en&biw=1440&bih=764&tbm=isch&tbnid=ytC4oFJ7qQmIAM:&imgrefurl=http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/geology/grocha/monument/quartzit.html&docid=j2BjpbFiaoM2JM&imgurl=http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/geology/grocha/monument/images/metheat.gif&w=583&h=400&ei=KXL-ULP3FY788QSEkoHoCA&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=466&sig=115953012663293382693&page=1&tbnh=141&tbnw=200&start=0&ndsp=27&ved=1t:429,r:4,s:0,i:95&tx=51&ty=89

http://www.google.com/imgres?q=yosemite&hl=en&client=safari&tbo=d&rls=en&biw=1440&bih=764&tbm=isch&tbnid=OJLcll9EIGmaKM:&imgrefurl=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Yosemite_20_bg_090404.jpg&docid=aGVN0ksSepUVMM&imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/Yosemite_20_bg_090404.jpg&w=1024&h=768&ei=UnL-UM2gIpOg8QSr2YC4BA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=416&vpy=161&dur=198&hovh=194&hovw=259&tx=145&ty=104&sig=115953012663293382693&page=1&tbnh=135&tbnw=173&start=0&ndsp=27&ved=1t:429,r:2,s:0,i:153

http://www.google.com/imgres?q=rock+cycle&hl=en&client=safari&sa=X&tbo=d&rls=en&biw=1440&bih=764&tbm=isch&tbnid=LXwjRGNbJqNKwM:&imgrefurl=http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/msese/earthsysflr/rock.html&docid=mLUYm9iwuRDgjM&imgurl=http://www.cotf.edu/ete/images/modules/msese/earthsysflr/EFCycleP2.gif&w=393&h=350&ei=znL-UK--BZOy8ASTpYDQAw&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=141&sig=115953012663293382693&page=1&tbnh=145&tbnw=163&start=0&ndsp=31&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0,i:150&tx=95&ty=85

http://www.google.com/imgres?q=mantle+convection&um=1&hl=en&client=safari&sa=N&tbo=d&rls=en&biw=1440&bih=764&tbm=isch&tbnid=P_TRppVpgun40M:&imgrefurl=http://serc.carleton.edu/NAGTWorkshops/deepearth/visualizations/mantle_conv.html&docid=roAGfUi4CJrp3M&imgurl=http://bprc.osu.edu/education/rr/plate_tectonics/mantle_convection_cell.gif&w=661&h=369&ei=i3P-UNjHCpC68wTjsIDQCg&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=188&vpy=182&dur=662&hovh=135&hovw=266&tx=179&ty=118&sig=115953012663293382693&page=1&tbnh=135&tbnw=266&start=0&ndsp=27&ved=1t:429,r:1,s:0,i:101