1 The Roman World The Roman World When in Rome… When in Rome… Founding of Rome Founding of Rome Rome is located on Rome is located on the boot of Italy the boot of Italy Centered on Med. Centered on Med. trade network trade network Easily defended (7 hills Easily defended (7 hills and Tiber river) and Tiber river) The Tiber River is at it The Tiber River is at it shallowest near Rome shallowest near Rome making it easy to cross making it easy to cross Cultures in Early Rome Cultures in Early Rome Latin Villages unite to form Rome Latin Villages unite to form Rome Etruscans Etruscans came in during 600s BCE came in during 600s BCE Written Language Written Language City Dwellers who paved roads and had a City Dwellers who paved roads and had a sewage system sewage system Greeks colonize the island of Sicily Greeks colonize the island of Sicily Reason for the many similarities in the gods Reason for the many similarities in the gods and myths of Greece and Rome and myths of Greece and Rome Culture Culture Paterfamilias Paterfamilias – oldest living male in a oldest living male in a household household Hierarchical Society Hierarchical Society – patron/client patron/client relationship relationship Women Women – better than in Greece, but same better than in Greece, but same status status Religion Religion – supernatural spirits and gods supernatural spirits and gods such as Jupiter and Mars such as Jupiter and Mars If the gods ain’t happy, ain’t nobody happy! If the gods ain’t happy, ain’t nobody happy! Roman Republic Roman Republic Early government was Early government was a republic a republic Citizens elect official to Citizens elect official to the Senate the Senate NOT TRUE NOT TRUE DEMOCRACY DEMOCRACY Two social classes Two social classes Patricians (upper) Patricians (upper) Plebeians (middle) Plebeians (middle) Slaves (don’t count) Slaves (don’t count) Roman Republic Roman Republic “Citizens” of the Republic = Patriarchs & Plebeians “Citizens” of the Republic = Patriarchs & Plebeians Checks and Balances Concept Checks and Balances Concept – Veto Power Veto Power Government Bodies Senate Magistrates Assemblies Public funds and Foreign Policy 2 Consuls governed w/help of Senate Vote on laws, Elect Consuls, Tribunes have power over Senate Veto Power, Praetors & Censors **Only PATRIARCHS could hold office!
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The Roman WorldThe Roman World
When in Rome…When in Rome…
Founding of RomeFounding of Rome
�� Rome is located on Rome is located on the boot of Italythe boot of Italy
�� Centered on Med. Centered on Med. trade networktrade network
�� The Tiber River is at it The Tiber River is at it shallowest near Rome shallowest near Rome making it easy to crossmaking it easy to cross
Cultures in Early RomeCultures in Early Rome
�� Latin Villages unite to form RomeLatin Villages unite to form Rome
�� EtruscansEtruscans came in during 600s BCEcame in during 600s BCE
��Written LanguageWritten Language
�� City Dwellers who paved roads and had a City Dwellers who paved roads and had a sewage systemsewage system
�� Greeks colonize the island of SicilyGreeks colonize the island of Sicily
�� Reason for the many similarities in the gods Reason for the many similarities in the gods and myths of Greece and Romeand myths of Greece and Rome
CultureCulture
�� Paterfamilias Paterfamilias –– oldest living male in a oldest living male in a householdhousehold
�� Hierarchical Society Hierarchical Society –– patron/client patron/client relationshiprelationship
�� Women Women –– better than in Greece, but same better than in Greece, but same statusstatus
�� Religion Religion –– supernatural spirits and gods supernatural spirits and gods such as Jupiter and Marssuch as Jupiter and Mars
�� If the gods ain’t happy, ain’t nobody happy!If the gods ain’t happy, ain’t nobody happy!
Roman RepublicRoman Republic
�� Early government was Early government was a republica republic
�� Citizens elect official to Citizens elect official to the Senatethe Senate
�� NOT TRUE NOT TRUE DEMOCRACYDEMOCRACY
�� Two social classesTwo social classes
�� Patricians (upper)Patricians (upper)
�� Plebeians (middle)Plebeians (middle)
�� Slaves (don’t count)Slaves (don’t count)
Roman RepublicRoman Republic�� “Citizens” of the Republic = Patriarchs & Plebeians“Citizens” of the Republic = Patriarchs & Plebeians
�� Checks and Balances Concept Checks and Balances Concept –– Veto PowerVeto Power
Government Bodies
Senate Magistrates Assemblies
Public funds and Foreign Policy
2 Consuls governed w/helpof Senate
Vote on laws, Elect Consuls,Tribunes have power over
Senate
Veto Power, Praetors & Censors
**Only PATRIARCHS could hold office!
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Twelve TablesTwelve Tables
�� Until 450 BC, there were NO written laws Until 450 BC, there were NO written laws in Romein Rome
�� Plebeians demanded that the laws be Plebeians demanded that the laws be written so an accused person would know written so an accused person would know their crime before they arrived at court!their crime before they arrived at court!
Expansion of RomeExpansion of Rome
�� Rome’s army was very large because all Rome’s army was very large because all landowners were expected to servelandowners were expected to serve
�� Used legions (4500Used legions (4500--6000 soldiers) and 6000 soldiers) and cavalry to defeat enemiescavalry to defeat enemies
�� Political and religious freedoms to conquered Political and religious freedoms to conquered peoples if they would join Rome.peoples if they would join Rome.
�� Full citizenship granted to those areas Full citizenship granted to those areas closest to Rome.closest to Rome.
The Punic WarsThe Punic Wars
�� Rome versus CarthageRome versus Carthage
�� Causes:Causes:
�� Rome fears Carthage will block their Rome fears Carthage will block their expansion because of their presence in the expansion because of their presence in the Mediterranean SeaMediterranean Sea
�� Carthage fears Rome wants to conquer Sicily, Carthage fears Rome wants to conquer Sicily, a colony of Carthagea colony of Carthage
�� Unites Italy and then expands to Greece Unites Italy and then expands to Greece and North Africaand North Africa
The Punic WarsThe Punic Wars
�� First Punic WarFirst Punic War�� Rome built a navy based on that of CarthageRome built a navy based on that of Carthage
�� Rome added “boarding bridges” to ships so Rome added “boarding bridges” to ships so they could send troops aboardthey could send troops aboard
�� After 23 years, Carthage surrendersAfter 23 years, Carthage surrenders--Must pay Must pay $$$$ and give up land in Sicily$$$$ and give up land in Sicily
�� Second Punic WarSecond Punic War��Hannibal of Carthage uses soldiers, cavalry Hannibal of Carthage uses soldiers, cavalry
and elephants to fight Romeand elephants to fight Rome——loses because loses because of loyalty of Romansof loyalty of Romans--No more navy or Spain No more navy or Spain or Macedoniaor Macedonia
The Punic WarsThe Punic Wars
�� Third Punic WarThird Punic War
��CRUSH CARTHAGE!!! CRUSH CARTHAGE!!! Controlled the Controlled the MediterraneanMediterranean
�� What would this mean for the Roman What would this mean for the Roman Empire???Empire???
�� Portfolio Time Portfolio Time ☺☺ -- Answer this question on Answer this question on
the next available RIGHT hand page. the next available RIGHT hand page. 22--3 3 sentences, add to your TOCsentences, add to your TOC
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Trouble in ParadiseTrouble in Paradise
�� As empire grew, As empire grew, Senate lost control.Senate lost control.�� Replaced with a Replaced with a
dictatorship of dictatorship of powerful generals.powerful generals.
�� LatifundiaLatifundia
�� Triumvirates Triumvirates –– rule by rule by threethree�� 11stst -- Julius Caesar, Julius Caesar,
�� Elected as consul after the formation of Elected as consul after the formation of the First Triumviratethe First Triumvirate
�� Conquered Gaul (France) to get more Conquered Gaul (France) to get more popularitypopularity
�� Kicked out Pompey and declared war on Kicked out Pompey and declared war on the republic the republic –– winswins
�� Makes an ally in Cleopatra (Egypt)Makes an ally in Cleopatra (Egypt)
�� Dictator for Life!Dictator for Life!
Caesar as a DictatorCaesar as a Dictator
�� Increased Senate size to 900, but Increased Senate size to 900, but decreased its powerdecreased its power
�� Over ambitious, which made enemiesOver ambitious, which made enemies
�� Assassinated by his friends Cassius and Assassinated by his friends Cassius and Brutus in 44 BCEBrutus in 44 BCE
�� “Et tu Brute?”“Et tu Brute?”
Second TriumvirateSecond Triumvirate
�� Octavian (Augustus), the declared heir of Octavian (Augustus), the declared heir of Caesar, 19 at Caesar’s deathCaesar, 19 at Caesar’s death
�� Marc Antony, kicked out conspirators who Marc Antony, kicked out conspirators who killed Caesarkilled Caesar
�� Lepidus, Caesar’s 2Lepidus, Caesar’s 2ndnd in Commandin Command
Octavian & AntonyOctavian & Antony
�� Marc Antony took the East/Egypt side of Marc Antony took the East/Egypt side of RomeRome
�� Octavian maintained the West…for a timeOctavian maintained the West…for a time
�� Octavian was as ambitious like Caesar and Octavian was as ambitious like Caesar and eventually attacked Marc Antony and eventually attacked Marc Antony and CleopatraCleopatra
Augustus and Pax RomanaAugustus and Pax Romana
�� Octavian declared Augustus in 27 BCE by Octavian declared Augustus in 27 BCE by the Senatethe Senate
�� Popular because he did not use the term Popular because he did not use the term “emperor”…only the “first citizen”“emperor”…only the “first citizen”
��He also didn’t want to end up like CaesarHe also didn’t want to end up like Caesar
�� Expanded empire in all four directionsExpanded empire in all four directions
�� Pax Romana begins after end of his Pax Romana begins after end of his conquests in CE 9conquests in CE 9
�� Peace with other nations, not each otherPeace with other nations, not each other
