THE SEARCH FOR SPICES

Ch. 14, sec. 1

Motivations for Exploration Spices! Used for:

Preserving foodFlavoring meatMedicinePerfume

MoluccasIsland chain called the

“spice islands”

Portugal Sails East Prince Henry the Navigator

Founded school for sailors, cartographers, and scientists

Never actually sailed on any voyagesWanted to explore Africa- why?

Explored western coast of Africa Bartholomeu Diaz rounds the tip of

Africa (Cape of Good Hope) in 1488.

Portugal Reaches India Vasco da Gama

Following same route as Diaz

Rounded Cape of Good Hope

Crossed Indian Ocean to India

Portugal gained control of many trade ports in the Indian Ocean

Columbus sails West

Italian Navigator Wanted to find a route to

the East Indies by going West

Portugal refused to sponsor his voyage

Spain agreedWho ruled Spain?What was going on in

Spain?

Voyage of Columbus

Leaves Spain in 1492 with 3 ships

Reached the Caribbean after 2 months Thought he was in India- called the

natives “Indians” Took 3 more voyages Still thought he was in Asia

Dividing the Globe

Arguments over land exploration rights

Treaty of TordesillasLine of

Demarcation○ Spain had lands

to the west○ Portugal had

lands to the east

Magellan

Searching for direct route to the spice islands

Discovered Straight of Magellan

His ship was first to circumnavigate the globe

The Slave Trade

Europeans bought slaves to work on their large plantations in the Americas

Relied on African leaders to capture the slaves and bring them to the coastReceived weapons, tobacco, rum, etc in

exchange Read box on p. 267

African Leaders Resist Affonso I

Ruler of KongoForced to convert to

ChristianityTried to convince the

Portuguese to end the slave trade

Some African leaders banned slave traders from passing through their kingdoms

New African States Arise

Many African states benefitted from the slave tradeAsante Kingdom

○ Traded gold and slaves for guns

Oyo Empire○ Gained $$ from slave trade

and built a large army to defeat surrounding tribes

European Presence Expands

Dutch immigrants in South AfricaEst. Cape TownDutch farmers called

BoersKilled or enslaved the

local Africans French and British

explorers conquered much of North Africa