Which of the following rows identifies the source of cortisol, the hormone that stimulates the release of cortisol, and an effect of cortisol? Row Source Hormone Effect A. Adrenal gland ACTHIncreased conversion of amino acids to glucose - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Which of the following rows Which of the following rows identifies the source of cortisol, identifies the source of cortisol, the hormone that stimulates the the hormone that stimulates the release of cortisol, and an effect release of cortisol, and an effect of cortisol? of cortisol? Row Row Source Source Hormone Hormone Effect Effect A. A. Adrenal gland Adrenal gland ACTH ACTH Increased Increased conversion of conversion of amino amino acids acids to glucose to glucose B. B. Pituitary gland ACTH Pituitary gland ACTH Increased protein Increased protein synthesis synthesis C. C. Adrenal gland Adrenal gland ADH ADH Increased Increased conversion of conversion of glycogen to glycogen to glucose glucose
Transcript
Which of the following rows identifies the Which of the following rows identifies the source of cortisol, the hormone that stimulates source of cortisol, the hormone that stimulates the release of cortisol, and an effect of the release of cortisol, and an effect of cortisol?cortisol?
A. A. Adrenal gland Adrenal gland ACTHACTH Increased conversion of Increased conversion of amino acids amino acids to glucoseto glucose
B. B. Pituitary gland ACTH Pituitary gland ACTH Increased protein synthesisIncreased protein synthesis
C. C. Adrenal gland Adrenal gland ADH ADH Increased conversion of Increased conversion of glycogen to glycogen to glucoseglucose
D.D. Pituitary gland ADH Pituitary gland ADH Increased water reabsorptionIncreased water reabsorption
Match each of the hormones involved in the stress response with the Match each of the hormones involved in the stress response with the hormones represented in the flowchart above.hormones represented in the flowchart above.
Flowchart Letter: Flowchart Letter: A A B B C C DD
The short-term response to stress occurs faster than the long term response to The short-term response to stress occurs faster than the long term response to stress because thestress because the
A. blood from the adrenal medulla travels faster than does the blood from A. blood from the adrenal medulla travels faster than does the blood from the the adrenal cortexadrenal cortex
B. adrenal medulla responds to nervous stimulation, which is faster than B. adrenal medulla responds to nervous stimulation, which is faster than hormonal stimulationhormonal stimulation
C. adrenal medulla is controlled by the hypothalamus whereas the adrenal C. adrenal medulla is controlled by the hypothalamus whereas the adrenal cortex is controlled by the pituitarycortex is controlled by the pituitary
D. hormones from the adrenal medulla acts on cells more quickly than the D. hormones from the adrenal medulla acts on cells more quickly than the hormones from the adrenal cortexhormones from the adrenal cortex
Hormones and Hormones and MetabolismMetabolismChapter 15.3Chapter 15.3
There are three glands that help to There are three glands that help to regulate metabolism.regulate metabolism.
1.1. ThyroidThyroid
2.2. ParathyroidParathyroid
3.3. Anterior PituitaryAnterior Pituitary
ThyroidThyroid
The thyroid is a gland located below the The thyroid is a gland located below the larynx on your throat.larynx on your throat.
The thyroid produces thyroxine(T4) and The thyroid produces thyroxine(T4) and triiodothyronine(T3).triiodothyronine(T3).
Both of these hormones work to increase Both of these hormones work to increase metabolism and to regulate growth.metabolism and to regulate growth.
They also both contain iodine atoms, which is They also both contain iodine atoms, which is why table salt is now iodized.why table salt is now iodized.
The thyroid also produces calcitonin, which The thyroid also produces calcitonin, which decreases the amount of calcium the body decreases the amount of calcium the body absorbs.absorbs.
The thyroid gland works on a negative The thyroid gland works on a negative feedback system.feedback system.
Low levels of thyroxine will be detected Low levels of thyroxine will be detected by the hypothalamus, which will release by the hypothalamus, which will release TRH (thyroid releasing hormone).TRH (thyroid releasing hormone).
TRH then triggers the pituitary to produce TRH then triggers the pituitary to produce TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone).TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone).
TSH then causes the thyroid to release TSH then causes the thyroid to release its hormones.its hormones.
The presence of TSH and thyroxine in The presence of TSH and thyroxine in the bloodstream will then cause the the bloodstream will then cause the hypothalamus to stop producing TRH.hypothalamus to stop producing TRH.
This results in the stopping of thyroid This results in the stopping of thyroid production until the hormones get low production until the hormones get low again.again.
A problem can occur in the body if there isn’t A problem can occur in the body if there isn’t enough iodine.enough iodine.
Without iodine, thyroxine cannot be produced, Without iodine, thyroxine cannot be produced, and the pituitary will continue producing TSH.and the pituitary will continue producing TSH.
The thyroid will continue being stimulated, The thyroid will continue being stimulated, which will eventually lead to it swelling.which will eventually lead to it swelling.
A swollen thyroid is known as a goiter.A swollen thyroid is known as a goiter.
ParathyroidParathyroid The parathyroid are smaller glands found The parathyroid are smaller glands found
inside the thyroid.inside the thyroid.
The parathyroid releases PTH The parathyroid releases PTH (parathyroid hormone).(parathyroid hormone).
It acts to increase calcium in the It acts to increase calcium in the bloodstream and to activate vitamin D.bloodstream and to activate vitamin D.
It acts in conjunction with calcitonin to It acts in conjunction with calcitonin to maintain an acceptable level of calcium.maintain an acceptable level of calcium.
Large amounts of PTH can result in bone Large amounts of PTH can result in bone degradation as calcium will be taken from degradation as calcium will be taken from the bones.the bones.
Small amounts of PTH will lead to rickets, Small amounts of PTH will lead to rickets, as no vitamin D is being processed. It as no vitamin D is being processed. It also leads to tetanus as calcium is needed also leads to tetanus as calcium is needed to regulate nerve impulsesto regulate nerve impulses
PituitaryPituitary
The pituitary also produces hGH, which helps The pituitary also produces hGH, which helps to regulate the metabolism.to regulate the metabolism.
When you have more hGH in your When you have more hGH in your bloodstream, bone and muscles cell growth is bloodstream, bone and muscles cell growth is stimulated.stimulated.
To fuel this growth, metabolism increases as a To fuel this growth, metabolism increases as a result.result.
Further, hGH increases protein synthesis to Further, hGH increases protein synthesis to replace proteins used in cellular processes.replace proteins used in cellular processes.
hGH also causes muscles in the body to hGH also causes muscles in the body to start using fats as an energy source.start using fats as an energy source.
This increases the blood glucose levels, This increases the blood glucose levels, which is important for the brain as it can which is important for the brain as it can only use sugar as an energy source.only use sugar as an energy source.
