The Six Kingdoms

The History of Classification

• In the 1700’s, Linnaeus separated all life into 2 Kingdoms: Plants and Animals.

• More kingdoms added as knowledge of the diversity of organisms increased.

• We currently have 6 Kingdoms. • Remember: Kingdoms are the broadest

taxon: KPCOFGS

Six Kingdoms in Taxonomyorganized according to type of cells, ability to make food, number of cells in body

1. Archaebacteria2. Eubacteria3. Protists4. Fungi5. Plants6. Animals

TerminologyGetting food

autotrophs – make own foodhetertrophs – get food from other sources

Type of cells

prokaryotic – no nucleus, membrane bound organelles, DNA is circular (plasmid), do contain ribosomes, smallereukaryotic – with a nucleus and organelles, DNA in chromosomes, larger

Terminology ContinuedBody type

unicellular – made of only one cellmulticellular – made of more than one cell; -have cells with special functions

Reproduction

sexual – need male and female parentsasexual – need only one parent

Archaebacteria-”ancient bacteria”-existed before dinosaurs-live in extreme environments

-hot springs-acidic environment-methane

-unicellular prokaryotes-some autotrophs, some heterotrophs

Extreme Environments

Eubacteria

Chemical makeup is different from that of archaebacteria.

-unicellular prokaryote-some autotrophs, some heterotrophs

A Typical Bacteria Cell

Protists

-“odds and ends” kingdom because its organisms are pretty different from one another

-most unicellular, some multicellular-eukaryotes-some autotrophs, some heterotrophs

Protozoa

A Ttypical Protist

Fungi-mushrooms, mold, and mildew-most are multicellular, some (like yeast)

are unicellular-eukaryotes-all are heterotrophs-eat dead or decaying organisms

FUNGI

FUNGI includes:Unicellular Yeast

A Typical Fungal Cell

Fungal Cells HAVE CELL WALLS !!!!

Plants-all plants are multicellular-all are eukaryotes-plants are autotrophs

Typical Animal Cell

Animals-all are multicellular-all are eukaryotes-all are heterotrophs

Typical Animal Cell

The Six Kingdoms Review

• Eubacteria- “true” bacteria (prokaryotic)• Archaebacteria – “ancient” bacteria

(prokaryotic”• Protista – WEIRD organisms!!!!

(eukaryotic)• Fungi – digest dead or decaying matter

(eukaryotic)• Plantae - stationary, photosynthetic

(eukaryotic)• Animalia – mobile heterotrophs

(eukaryotic)