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The Skeleton• Comes from the Greek word meaning
“dried-up body” or “mummy”
• Accounts for about 20% of body weight
• Made up of bones, cartilages & ligaments
Horse skeleton found along Stewart’s Pocket Loop, Payson, AZ 9-2014
2 Skeletal Systems for the Price of One!• There are 206 bones in human body divided
into 2 systems
• Axial skeletal system• Skull (cranium), vertebral column, rib cage
(bony thorax)
• Appendicular skeletal system• Comprises rest of the bones
The Axial Skeleton• Have out the “Skeletal Skeleton”
handout & 3 different colored pencils
• Name (identify) & color-code the 3 sets of bones (80 total bones) that make up the Axial Skeletal System
Cranium/SkullVertebral columnRib cage/Bony thorax
Ossicles – inner ear (6)Hyoid bone (1)
Per. 3 start, Fri
Bones of the Human SkeletonAxial Skeleton – 80 bones • Skull/Cranium
• Cranial bones – 8: • Frontal (1), parietal (2), occipital (1), temporal (2),
ethmoid (1), sphenoid (1)
• Facial Bones – 14:• Maxillary (2), mandible (1), inferior nasal conchae (2),
lacrimal (2), nasal (2), palatine (2), vomer (1), zygomatic (2)
• Vertebra – 26: • Cervical (7), thoracic (12), lumbar (5), sacrum
(1), coccyx (fusion of 3)
• Ribs & Sternum (bony thorax) – 25:Ribs (24 – 1 pair/thoracic vertebra), sternum (1)
• Ossicles (inner ear bones) – 6:• Incus – 2, Malleus -2, Stapes - 2
• Hyoid bone (attachment for tongue) - 1
Week #10 (9/22-9/26)Warm Up – Tues, 9/23:
Have out:Human Skull diagramAxial Skeletal Sys. notes
Agenda:1. Finish Axial Skeleton notes – Skull 2. Human Skull identification activity
Homework:1. Skull Quiz – Wed,
9/24 & Thurs, 9/25
2. Axial Index Card check - Wed, 9/24 & Thurs, 9/25
3. Axial Practical Exam – Tues, 10/21 (MOVED due to Guest Speaker)
Anatomy Fun Fact:Enamel is hardest substance in the human body. What mineral do you think is found in tooth enamel?
Bones of the Human Skeleton
Appendicular Skeleton – 126 bones • Girdles:
• Pectoral: clavicle (2) & scapula (2)• Pelvic: ossa coxae/coxal bone (2),
consisting of ilium, pubis & ischium
• Arm – 30 bones (per arm): • Humerus, radius & ulna, carpals (8),
metacarpals (5), phalanges (14)
• Leg – 30 bones (per leg): • Femur, tibia & fibula, patella, tarsals (7),
metatarsals (5) & phalanges (14)
The Skull (Cranium)
• Formed by 22 bones divided into 2 sets:• Cranial bones• Facial bones
• The skull can be divided into 2 regions: • Vault (skullcap)• Base
Human Skull animation
The Skull (Cranium)• Cranial Bones - 8
bones • 2 Parietal• 2 Temporal• Frontal• Occipital• Sphenoid• Ethmoid
The Skull (Cranium)• Facial Bones - 14 bones
• Maxillary (2)• Inferior nasal conchae (2)• Lacrimal (2)• Nasal (2)
• Palatine (2)• Zygomatic (2) • Mandible & vomer are unpaired
• Males: more elongated than females
• Females: rounder & less angular
• Mandible (jaw): largest & strongest bone of the face